1 feeding your preschooler child : fun and challenging! best start 2011 conference

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Feeding Your Preschooler Child : Fun and Challenging!

Best Start 2011 Conference

1. Feeding preschoolers - Where to start 2. Nutrition issues

◦ 2.1 Eight Nutrients of Concern◦ 2.2 Eating skills and developmental progress◦ 2.3 Common Feeding Issues◦ 2.4 Assistance with Special Needs◦ 2.5 When to refer for nutrition issues?

3. Other Resources and programs 4. Conclusion

To provide them with energy and nutrients to grow properly and be active.

To develop their taste, acceptance and enjoyment of different foods.

To help them feel well. To develop healthy food habits that will

last a lifetime.

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Water Fibre 2 Esseential

Fatty Acids ◦ Omega 3◦ Omega 6

13 Vitamins◦ Vitamin A◦ Vitamin D◦ Vitamin E◦ Vitamin K◦ Thiamine◦ Riboflavin◦ Niacin◦ Biotin◦ Pantothenic Acid◦ Vitamin B6◦ Folic Acid◦ Vitamin B12◦ Vitamin C

23 MineralsSodiumChlorinePotassiumCalciumPhosphorusMagnesiumSulphurIronZincIodineSeleniumCopperManganeseFluorineChromiumMolybdenumNickelArsenicSiliconeVanadiumCobaltBoronStrontium

8 ProteinsIsoleucineLeucineLysineMéthioninePhénylalanineThréonineTryptophaneValine

Histidine (children)Arginine (children)

3 Carbohydrates Glucose Fructose Galactose

Ref: Just the Basic. Can. Diabetes Association

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Canada Food Guide!Quizz time!

◦ 1. Low-nutrient foods (Fat, sugar, salt)

◦ 2. Soft drinks, sports and energy drinks

◦ 3. Low fat diets may not supply enough energy or nutrients for growing children.

◦ 1. CFG

◦ 2. Water, milk Optional: ½ cup of

unsweetned juice/day

◦ 3. Nutritious higher fat foods: peanut butter and cheese. Regular milk, source of (Healthy fats: canola, soyabean, oil of olive)

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Watch

for?

◦ 4. Eating the same food

◦ 5. Eating in front of TV, on the go

◦ 4. Include a variety of grains (e.g. cereals)

◦ 5. Establish routines & rules

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Watch

for?

Healthy Start For Life (Dietitians of Canada)

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Nutrient Function Food Sources

Calcium Healthy bones and teeth

Milk, cheese, yogurt, milk in puddings and soups, calcium fortified beverages

Iron Healthy red blood cells, prevents anemia.

Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, cooked beans and lentils, peanut butter, nuts, seeds, fortified breakfast cereals, dried fruit

Vitamin A Healthy skin, eyes and nails, protects against infection.

Sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach, kale, dark orange squash, cantaloupe, sweet red peppers, apricots, broccoli

Vitamin C Healthy muscles and bone, increases iron absorption.

Fruits

Copyright 2007. Dietitians of Canada. All rights reserved. Permission to reprint in its entirety. For non-commercial use only. Updated 2007


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Nutrient Function Food Sources

Vitamin D Healthy bones and teeth

Fish liver oils, fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines, tuna), fortified milk and margarine.

Vitamin B12

Healthy red blood cells

Found only in animal products such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and milk products. Foods fortified with vitamin B12 such as soy and rice beverages, and soy-based meat substitutes.

Zinc Healthy growth

Red meats, some seafood (oysters), and whole grains.

Fibre Healthy digestion, prevents constipation

Breads and cereals made with whole wheat, wheat bran, oats, rye flour, vegetables and fruit, cooked beans and lentils.

1. Child is in the growth curve (percentile) 2. Eating from 4 food groups? 3. Drinking 2 cups of milk/day?

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Watch for?

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What preschoolers like to eat◦ Mild in flavor◦ Lukewarm in temperature◦ Bite-size◦ Not mixed together

What works with preschoolers?◦ Involving them – as much as possible◦ 2 choices – with broccoli with parsley or oregano?◦ Colors – Presentations◦ Animals

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Wants to eat the same food every day?Takes too long to eat?Refuses to eat?Refuses to try new foods?Does not eat vegetables?Does not drink milk?Drinks too much milk?Refuses to eat meat?

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Children are responsible for “how much” food they eat.

Children who are forced to eat may lose touch with their body’s natural appetite control system. This can lead to overeating and possible weight problems or eating disorders.

Parents are responsible for providing healthy food choices and setting meal and snack times.

Parents do have a role in limiting a child’s intake of foods that are poor sources of nutrients (e.g. chips, candies).

(E. Satter Child of Mine: Feeding with Love & Good Sense – Healthy Start for Life)

* Restricting access to palatable foods affects children’s behavioral response, food selection, and intake (Fisher, Birch)

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1. Child eats at the table 2. Food safety (choking) 3. Responsibility of the parents/ Children

(Ellyn Satir) 4. Families eating together and role model

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Watch for?

Feeding problem:◦ “A behavioural feeding disorder (BFD) occurs

when an otherwise healthy child resists or doesn’t actively involve themselves in feeding for which they are developmentally capable”

◦ Special population: Autism, Developmental delay, dysphagia, neurological impairment

◦ * Drugs affecting appetite: Ritalin, amphetamines, antimetabolites, etc.

◦ Ref: Berall, North York Gen. Hospital, Paeditrics

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Autism: ◦ Sensory issues (taste, texture, smell, visual, change)◦ Stimulation issues ◦ (The Prevalence and Type of feeding problems in Austistic Children: B. McDevitt, K. Balko et al)

Developmental Delay:◦ Oral motor difficulties◦ Sensory defensiveness issues (hands in sand, brushing teeth, food in hands) ◦ *Behavioural feeding issues



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Dysphagia◦ Position, coordination of lips, tongue, teeth, Pharyngeal sensation, muscle

contraction, ventilation swallow coordination, esophageal acceptance Development normal but food beyond developmental capability

◦ (puree surprise, textural difficulty, double consistencies)



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Behavioural (interactive/ structural and nutritional)◦ Poor food acceptance◦ Under-eating◦ Failure to progress to table food◦ Inappropriate mealtime behaviours◦ Forced feeding, force to finish, sick kids, use of distraction ◦ Structural issues: No structure, prolonged feeding time, excess attention to eating or not eating◦ Interference with hunger and normal dev. Drive◦ Excessive volume of milk/juice/sugar drinks◦ Inappropriate food texture

Ref: Berall, North York Gen. Hospital, Paeditrics


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Identify the source◦ Structure : 3 meals- 20 min, 1-3 snacks, 15 min◦ Let the child decide the quantity◦ Create a positive, calm, * fun time at meals◦ Model (eat with child), make yourself busy after◦ Respond to feeding cues (satiety)◦ Encourage self-feeding (don’t worry about mess)◦ Allow child to play & explore food◦ Liquid at end of meal◦ Offer favourite foods infrequently, provide same foods for the family.

When in doubt? Refers

Ref: Berall, North York Gen. Hospital, Paeditrics


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Preschooler appetites vary so let them decide how much he/she wants to eat.

Provide a variety of nutritious foods to support normal growth and development.

Involve your child in daily physical activity.

Limit the time your child spends watching television or playing computer games.

Be a good role model for healthy eating and active living.

If you are not sure if the child is eating well contact a registered dietitian.

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NutriSTEPS (www.nutristeps.ca) Menu planning - Meal Planning calendars Growth Chart? EatRight Ontario Healthy Eating: EatRight Ontario Eat Right Be Active (Service Ontario) 6-12 month: Feeding your Baby Service

Ontario) Guidelines for Choosing Food for

Community Programs (handout)

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Sylvie BouletRegistered DietitianLifestyle With A Passion

705-534-0019sylvie@lifestylewithapassionLifestylewithapassion.com

1 feeding your preschooler child : fun and challenging! best start 2011 conference

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