1º encontro técnico vidreiro da abceram...1º encontro técnico vidreiro da abceram são paulo,...
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![Page 1: 1º Encontro Técnico Vidreiro da ABCERAM...1º Encontro Técnico Vidreiro da ABCERAM São Paulo, SP; October, 18th and 19th, 2016 Plansee SE Reutte - Business Unit: Industries, Market](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071003/5fbffa0fa75bbf63801eba69/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Strong metals for strong products. 1
1º Encontro Técnico Vidreiro da ABCERAM São Paulo, SP; October, 18th and 19th, 2016
Plansee SE Reutte - Business Unit: Industries, Market Unit: Thermal Processes
Rudolf Holzknecht - Manager Application Group Glass & Quartz Glass Manufacturers
Elísio Ferreira Neto - Managing Director of PLANSEE South America
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
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03,80 cm
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cm 24,20
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cm 13,90
History, facts and management, Sites, Market Units and products
Research and development, Sustainability and additional benefits
Materials, Production process
Glass melting equipment & technology
Glass melting electrodes
“GTR” Glass Tank reinforcement
Stirrer
Quartz glass and Glass wool production
Strong metals for strong products. 2
![Page 3: 1º Encontro Técnico Vidreiro da ABCERAM...1º Encontro Técnico Vidreiro da ABCERAM São Paulo, SP; October, 18th and 19th, 2016 Plansee SE Reutte - Business Unit: Industries, Market](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071003/5fbffa0fa75bbf63801eba69/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
11,40
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cm 24,20
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cm 24,20
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05,97
cm 13,90
History, facts and management, Sites, Market Units and products
Research and development, Sustainability and additional benefits
Materials, Production process
Glass melting equipment & technology
Glass melting electrodes
“GTR” Glass Tank reinforcement
Stirrer
Quartz glass and Glass wool production
Strong metals for strong products. 3
![Page 4: 1º Encontro Técnico Vidreiro da ABCERAM...1º Encontro Técnico Vidreiro da ABCERAM São Paulo, SP; October, 18th and 19th, 2016 Plansee SE Reutte - Business Unit: Industries, Market](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071003/5fbffa0fa75bbf63801eba69/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Foundation of Plansee Group in Reutte
Molybdenum & Tungsten: Strong metals for a high-tech world 4
Dr. Paul Schwarzkopf founded the
company Plansee in 1921 in Reutte,
Austria.
Since the beginning, the focus has
been on the materials molybdenum
and tungsten.
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Strong metals for strong products. 5
Dr. Paul Schwarzkopf named Plansee after
the lake of the same name. Even back
then, the water from the Plansee was an
important source of energy for the company.
Indeed, this was one of the key reasons for
choosing the site when the company was
founded.
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Group portfolio and industrial logic
Molybdenum & Tungsten: Strong metals for a high-tech world 6
100% 100%
20%
50%
Tungsten powder
Molybdenum
powder
Molybdenum
based products
Tungsten based
products
Tungsten-carbide based
products
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Strong metals for strong products. 7
The Reutte site in Austria is Plansee’s head office. A large
proportion of the production as well as all the central services
are located here.
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Strong metals for strong products. 8
Plansee is divided into market-oriented business units. As a result, Plansee is not just the leader in
terms of shipped volumes, but also an application specialist providing custom products for your
industry. Here are some examples of our Market Units:
BU WHA
BU Coating
BU Industries
BU Semicon
BU Power Production Unit Mill Products
Plansee High
Performance Materials
Lighting
Electronics
Thermal Processes
Material Technologies
X-Ray Technologies
Shielding
Applications Ion Implantation Display
Hard Coating
Solar
Transmission and
Distribution
Special Products
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Strong metals for strong products. 9
Hot zones for
high-temperature furnaces
Crucibles for
sapphire crystal production
Glass melting
electrodes Stirrers for the
glass industry
Heaters for
high-temperature furnaces
Glass tank
reinforcement
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History, facts and management, Sites, Market Units and products
Research and development, Sustainability and additional benefits
Materials, Production process
Glass melting equipment & technology
Glass melting electrodes
“GTR” Glass Tank reinforcement
Stirrer
Quartz glass and Glass wool production
Strong metals for strong products. 10
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Strong metals for strong products. 12
At Plansee, we place particular emphasis on
research and development. Our scientists are
constantly working on new products and materials in
collaboration with customers and leading research
institutes.
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Strong metals for strong products. 13
In our test laboratories, we use mechanical tests and conduct
chemical and metallurgical analyses to check the impeccable
quality of our materials. At Plansee, we also cover many non-
destructive test methods such as ultrasonic tests, eddy current
testing and thermographic inspections. Our test laboratories are
accredited by the responsible ministry.
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Strong metals for strong products. 14
Research is one of our traditions.
We have been extending invitations to the
international Plansee Seminar every four years
since 1952. Here, renowned experts from the
field of powder metallurgy present their latest
findings relating to the development,
production and use of refractory metals.
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History, facts and management, Sites, Market Units and products
Research and development, Sustainability and additional benefits
Materials, Production process
Glass melting equipment & technology
Glass melting electrodes
“GTR” Glass Tank reinforcement
Stirrer
Quartz glass and Glass wool production
Strong metals for strong products. 15
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Sustainability and additional benefits
The Electronic Industry Citizenship
Coalition (EICC) and the Global e-
Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) are among
the organizations to certify that our
tantalum and tungsten are procured
exclusively from ethically sound
sources.
If you have any questions about our
sustainable raw materials procurement,
Andreas Feichtinger is happy to help:
Tungsten and tantalum are partially sourced from regions of conflict and are
classified as “conflict materials”.
As a company aware of its responsibilities, we are extremely particular
about our raw materials procurement.
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Sustainability and additional benefits
Our quality management system is
certified to ISO 9001:2008 . We
have an ISO 50001-compliant
energy management system, meet
all the OHSAS 18001:2007
Occupational Health and Safety
criteria and are certified in
accordance with the ISO
14001:2004 environmental
management standard.
Dr. Heinz-Otto Berten
Head of Quality Management
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History, facts and management, Sites, Market Units and products
Research and development, Sustainability and additional benefits
Materials, Production process
Glass melting equipment & technology
Glass melting electrodes
“GTR” Glass Tank reinforcement
Stirrer
Quartz glass and Glass wool production
Strong metals for strong products. 18
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Strong metals for strong products. 19
Plansee High Performance Materials is the expert
for refractory metals – and in particular for
molybdenum and tungsten.
Two very special metals that are fundamentally
different from other materials.
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Molybdenum and tungsten are particularly heat-resistant
and remain dimensionally stable and extremely strong
even at high temperatures.
Molybdenum has a melting point of 2 620 °C. And at
3 420 °C, tungsten has the highest melting point of all
metals.
Both metals have a very low vapor pressure and are
particularly suitable for high-temperature applications in a
vacuum or a protective gas atmosphere.
Strong metals for strong products. 20
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Even at high temperatures, molybdenum and tungsten
only expand very little.
Their coefficient of thermal expansion is similar to that
of semiconductor materials or sapphire. As a result, our
customers often use molybdenum and tungsten in
combination with these materials.
Strong metals for strong products. 21
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Our materials are corrosion-resistant in contact with
many substances – even at high temperatures. For
example, when exposed to metal or glass melts. We
further optimize their corrosion resistance with special
coatings and alloy additions.
Strong metals for strong products. 22
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Production process
Strong metals for strong products. 23
Oxide Quality
assurance
Machining
Joining
Coating
Heat
treatment
Sintering Pressing Mixing
Alloying
Metal
powder
Reduction Recycling
Molymet (Chile) is the world’s largest processor of molybdenum ore concentrates and our
main supplier of molybdenum trioxide. The Plansee Group has a 20% share in Molymet.
Global Tungsten & Powders (USA) is a division of the Plansee Group and our main supplier
of tungsten metal powder.
Deforming
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History, facts and management, Sites, Market Units and products
Research and development, Sustainability and additional benefits
Materials, Production process
Glass melting equipment & technology
Glass melting electrodes
“GTR” Glass Tank reinforcement
Stirrer
Quartz glass and Glass wool production
Strong metals for strong products. 24
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Plansee glass melting electrodes.
Strong metals for strong products. 25
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Electrical heating and boosting. Top performance.
Strong metals for strong products. 26
precise process control: more flexibility
homogeneous melt: optimum quality
lower emissions: environmentally friendly
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Molybdenum & MoZrO2. Your special force in the glass tank.
Strong metals for strong products. 27
melting point 2620◦C / 4748◦F
high temperature strength
optimized creep behavior
excellent corrosion
resistance against
glass melts
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Highest corrosion resistance. Extra hard and dense surface.
Strong metals for strong products. 28
Advanced radial forging and hot rolling processes guarantee:
tight tolerances on
thickness and diameter
optimum straightness
and flatness
excellent surface wear
resistance
longer service-life
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standard dimensions via
PLANSEE Express
quick delivery of electrodes with
metric threading or tapered
design
Availability. Ex-stock delivery - Worldwide.
Strong metals for strong products. 29
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Your wish is our command. Customized finishing.
Strong metals for strong products. 30
dimensions, diameters, tolerances
designs and threads
surface condition
cooling hole
coatings
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100% ultrasonic-tested
batch analysis for purity
and grain structure
straightness,
diameter and
threading
inspection
Certified quality. No compromise.
Strong metals for strong products. 31
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Sibor® coating. Guaranteed oxidation-protection.
Strong metals for strong products. 32
Sibor® coated glass melting electrodes can be installed in the cold tank. Sibor® reliably protects molybdenum against oxidation during start up.
5000 h at 1200 °C / 2192 °F
500 h at 1400 °C / 2552 °F
50 h at 1650 °C / 3002 °F
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Sibor® on molybdenum electrodes. Safe and cost-effective.
Strong metals for strong products. 33
SIBOR® coating reliably protects molybdenum from oxidation.
Coated glass melting
electrodes can be installed in
the cold glass tank.
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Plansee SE Reutte - Business Unit: Industries, Market Unit: Thermal Processes
Rudolf Holzknecht - Manager Application Group Glass & Quartz Glass Manufacturers
5th June 2012
MoZrO2 “a new material for GME”
Strong metals for strong products. 34
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
MoZrO2 – a new material for GME
Strong metals for strong products. 35
Demands on a perfect GME:
High electrical conductivity
High creep resistance up to 1500°C
Good corrosion resistance against the glass melt
No negative influence on the glass quality
Good machinability
Good handling
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
MoZrO2 – a new material for GME
Strong metals for strong products. 36
Demands on a perfect GME:
Shortly said:
Inexpensive
Excellent performance
Long lasting
Easily available
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
MoZrO2 – a new material for GME
Strong metals for strong products. 37
Refractory metals
Molybdenum is the first choice
or even better
PLANSEE improved Molybdenum
Which materials can be used in a glass tank?
MoZrO2
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
MoZrO2 – a new material for GME
Strong metals for strong products. 38
Same electrical conductivity as Molybdenum
Higher creep resistance
No negative influence on glass quality
Good machinability
Higher corrosion resistance in many types of
glass than pure Molybdenum
What are the properties of MoZrO2?
![Page 38: 1º Encontro Técnico Vidreiro da ABCERAM...1º Encontro Técnico Vidreiro da ABCERAM São Paulo, SP; October, 18th and 19th, 2016 Plansee SE Reutte - Business Unit: Industries, Market](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071003/5fbffa0fa75bbf63801eba69/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
MoZrO2 – a new material for GME
Strong metals for strong products. 39
What are the properties of MoZrO2?
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
MoZrO2 – a new material for GME
Strong metals for strong products. 40
Mo-ZrO2 - Sb Mo - Sb
Material decrease of radius Radius in µm relative corrosion ratio
Ø43mm
average decrease
Mo 1440 1.6
MoZrO2 882 1.0
Average decrease out of 2 samples
Result: Increased corrosion resistance of MoZrO2
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
MoZrO2 – a new material for GME
Strong metals for strong products. 41
Test: corrosion behaviour in GREEN and white container glass
- under a load on 1 A/cm2
- at 1400°C
- for 12h
Result: weight loss in GREEN container glass melt
- pure molybdenum 14.75 mg/ electrode 1
- MoZrO2 10.15 mg/ electrode 1
-30%
Result: Increased corrosion resistance of MoZrO2
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
MoZrO2 – a new material for GME
Strong metals for strong products. 42
-13%
Test: corrosion behaviour in green and WHITE container glass
- under a load on 1 A/cm2
- at 1400°C
- for 12h
Result: weight loss in WHITE container glass melt
- pure molybdenum 17.0 mg/ electrode 1
- MoZrO2 14.9 mg/ electrode 1
Result: Increased corrosion resistance of MoZrO2
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
MoZrO2 – a new material for GME
Strong metals for strong products. 43
Project Status
Mo - MoZrO2
Project Leader:
Marie-Christin Bölitz
University Bayreuht, Metallic Material
PLANSEE is member of the FORGLAS Project
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
History, facts and management, Sites, Market Units and products
Research and development, Sustainability and additional benefits
Materials, Production process
Glass melting equipment & technology
Glass melting electrodes
“GTR” Glass Tank reinforcement
Stirrer
Quartz glass and Glass wool production
Strong metals for strong products. 44
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Solution:
GTR made out of
Molybdenum & Sibor®
coated
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
During the course of the glass
tank’s service life, the refractory
bricks in critical areas such as
doghouse, wall, bubbler and
throat influence the quality of the
glass and the service life.
Strong metals for strong products. 45
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Severe attack from molten glass. Be prepared.
Strong metals for strong products. 46
Abrasion and erosion of the refractory bricks affect the quality of the glass and shorten the entire furnace campaign.
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Sibor® - an oxidation protective coating for Molybdenum
Protecting the material from oxidation during start-up, Sibor® coating clears the
way.
Strong metals for strong products. 47
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Sibor® - an oxidation protective coating for Molybdenum
no oxidation, no discoloration, no contamination
400 hours on air after heat treatment APS-
sprayed
Diffusion
zone SiBMo
SiO2- layer
Strong metals for strong products. 48
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Bubbler and Wall
Throat
Doghouse
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
GTR made out of Molybdenum with Sibor® coating for Throat, Wall, Bubbler and
Doghouse
Strong metals for strong products. 49
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 50
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
GTR made out of Molybdenum with Sibor® coating for Throat, Wall, Bubbler and
Doghouse
Characteristics:
6 to 14 mm thick Mo sheet
Straightness of the sheet <1mm/m
Tolerance on dimensions +/-0,8mm
Sibor® - coating 180 +/- 30 µm thick (APS spraying)
Multiple piece construction
Strong metals for strong products. 51
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Throat protection: Classic design
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
The classic design with front plate and U-channel. Front plate
protects the wall as well as the gaps in the neighboring bricks.
Strong metals for strong products. 52
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 53
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 54
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Throat protection: Advanced design
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
The advanced design with front plate, U-channel and L- shaped front
plate protects the wall as well as the gaps in the neighboring bricks
on top and at the side.
Strong metals for strong products. 55
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
GTR with
SIBOR® coating
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 56
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 57
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 58
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 59
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 60
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Throat protection
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
In order to reduce that the Mo front plate can be washed out
from behind in highly corrosive glasses such as borosilicate
or opal glass, the
Box- Principle
can be applied
Strong metals for strong products. 61
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
With Box principle
Throat protection
Without Box principle
Strong metals for strong products. 62
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor ® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Throat protection
Box principle
Strong metals for strong products. 63
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 64
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 65
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Advantages of the Box Principle
Side “flaps” reduce washing out of the Mo front plate
Multiple piece construction for easy assembly and handling
Piece connections in 90°/screwed design leave less space for corrosive attacks
The dimensional tolerances are tighter in comparison to the bent parts
The 90°/screwed design offers an inner shape without radius. Therefore it is easy to fit to the bricks and
reduce the need for brick shaping
The Box Principle has already proved its quality in many campaigns in highly aggressive glasses
Strong metals for strong products. 66
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Sibor® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Weir Wall protection
Strong metals for strong products. 67
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Bubbler protection
Molybdenum / SIBOR® Glass Tank Reinforcement
Strong metals for strong products. 68
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
References
Thermal Ceramics / FR
Verrerie du Courval / FR
Tableware producer / French
Borosilicate glass producer / French with English OEM
Holophane / USA
Alcan Packaging (former Wheaton) / USA
Crystalex / Czech Republic
Kavalier / Czech Republic
Opal- and Tableware producer / Germany
JSJ Jodeit / Germany
Pohris Fiber / Germany
Vidraria Anchieta / Brasil
….some which can not be named..
Strong metals for strong products. 69
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
History, facts and management, Sites, Market Units and products
Research and development, Sustainability and additional benefits
Materials, Production process
Glass melting equipment & technology
Glass melting electrodes
“GTR” Glass Tank reinforcement
Stirrer
Quartz glass and Glass wool production
Strong metals for strong products. 70
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Molybdenum / Stirrer
Strong metals for strong products. 71
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
History, facts and management, Sites, Market Units and products
Research and development, Sustainability and additional benefits
Materials, Production process
Glass melting equipment & technology
Glass melting electrodes
“GTR” Glass Tank reinforcement
Stirrer
Quartz glass and Glass wool production
Strong metals for strong products. 72
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
Effective stirring. Brilliant glass.
Strong metals for strong products. 74
long lasting molybdenum and tungsten nozzles for glass, rock and
ceramic wool spinning
(with option of iridium or rhenium inserts)
mandrel shafts and tubes for quartz glass production
(riveted or single-piece)
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11,40
01,30 cm
11,50
cm 24,20
05,97
13,90 cm
03,80 cm
04,13
cm 24,20
11,50
05,97
cm 13,90
References. To name but a few.
Strong metals for strong products. 75