1 ecompany/amani amani m. bin sewaif senior engineer services operations & maintenance etisalat...
TRANSCRIPT
ecompany/amani 1
Amani M. Bin SewaifSenior Engineer Services Operations & Maintenance
Etisalat – Intenet & e [email protected] 22, 2004
ecompany/amani 2
OutlineOutline
Introduction Overview GCC project for Arabic Domain Names How IDNS works? Client Requirements IDN conversion Tool A list of supported IDNS applications Conclusion
ecompany/amani 3
Domain names are used widely by Internet users to find resources on the Internet. They contain alphanumeric strings separated by dots, e.g. www.etisalat.ae It is used for human convenience.
Domain names are used instead of the numerical addresses that are known as Internet protocol (IP) addresses, which are mainly used by machines to route data packets on the Internet. Name resolution is carried out by the Internet domain name system (DNS). It further contains a mapping or conversion between each name and one or more IP addresses.
The DNS is a distributed database and organize all registered names in a tree structure.
IntroductionIntroduction
ecompany/amani 4
IDN abbreviation stands for Internationalized Domain Name. It defines a domain name which contains specific characters for particular language.
Example of IDNS: ADNS (Arabic Domain Names)
Since the Internet begin, it supported only 7-bit ASCII code (English characters), and the Domain name System (DNS) supports alphabets, numbers and hyphen of the ASCII code.
There is a need to support multilingual characters in domain names in order to make the Internet globally accessible.
IDNS OverviewIDNS Overview
ecompany/amani 5
• IDNA works by allowing applications to use certain ASCII name labels (beginning with a special prefix) to represent non-ASCII name labels. Lower-layer protocols need not be aware of this; therefore IDNA does not depend on changes to any infrastructure. In particular, IDNA does not depend on any changes to DNS servers, resolvers, or protocol elements, because the ASCII name service provided by the existing DNS is entirely sufficient for IDNA. ‘rfc3490’
IDNS OverviewIDNS Overview
ecompany/amani 6
• Mission:
To implement a test bed for Arabic Domain names in the GCC countries. This will allow all GCC countries to early experience the use of Arabic domain names, identify our needs, locate possible problems, and develop some tools.
• Objectives:
1. To gain experience and knowledge of the Arabic Domain names and share it with Arab countries.2. Test the implantations of Arabic Domain names.3. Build the local awareness about Arabic Domain names.4. Establish joint work with other entities (i.e., ISPs, universities, 5. Possibly develop some tools related to Arabic domain names and DNS.
The GCC Project for Arabic Domain NameThe GCC Project for Arabic Domain Name
ecompany/amani 7
GCC ParticipationGCC Participation
ecompany/amani 8
computer2
computer2
computer2
computer2computer2
Slave for the Arabic GCC ccTLDs.
Master for the Arabic GCC ccTLDs.
السعودية
امارات قطر
AR-ROOT.NIC.NET.SA
GCC Arabic Root Server
AR-ROOT.NIC.AE
GCC Arabic Root Server
“ “
SA Arabic ccTLD AE Arabic ccTLD QA Arabic ccTLD
The Arabic root and ccTLDThe Arabic root and ccTLD
ecompany/amani 9
Caching
DNS SERVER
UAEnic
DNS SERVER
Ar-root.nic.ae
DNS SERVER
Etisalat
college
DNS SERVER
1
2 3
457 6
8
- - اتصاالت. كلية موقع
امارات. .للهندسة
- - اتصاالت. كلية موقعامارات. .للهندسة
NS
Rec
ords
o c
cTLD
xn--
mgb
aam
7a8h
194.
170.
195.
16
NS
Rec
ords
of e
tisal
at
colle
ge
xn--
mgb
aam
7a8h
194.
170.
195.
16
A r
ecor
ds o
f عوقم
xn--
mgb
aam
7a8h
194.
170.
195.
16
Referrals to ccTLD serversReferrals to 2nd level DNS servers
Completed zone with addresses
How ADNS Works?How ADNS Works?
ecompany/amani 10
How to resolve Arabic Domain Name?
ecompany/amani 11
These are a list of requirements for a client in order to resolve/reach Arabic test domain names:
These problems occurred because some main Internet entities and software developer have not fully supported internationalized domain names (IDN) (such as ICANN and Microsoft). Therefore a client should match some requirements in order to resolve/reach Arabic domain names.
Personal Computer and Internet connectivity.
The Internet Service Provider (ISP) name server (resolver) should support Arabic domain names (by participating in this project) or the client can setup his own name server (resolver).
Any browser that support Internationalized Domain Names (IDN)
Client RequirementsClient Requirements
ecompany/amani 12
• Tool to convert Unicode to ASCII format• The ACE prefix (ASCII compatible encoding) for IDNA is "xn--"
IDNS/ADNS Converting ToolIDNS/ADNS Converting Tool
http://xn--mgbaakc7dvf.xn--mgbaam7a8h
http:// امارات. اتصاالت
ecompany/amani 13
A list of support IDNS application
Browsers Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 and higher + Verisign i-Nav TM PlugIn Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 and higher + ISC´s IDN-OSS Netscape 7.1 and higher Mozilla 1.4 and higher Mozilla Firefox 0.6 and higher (former Mozilla Firebird) Opera 7.20 and higher Konqueror (from KDE 3.2 + GNU IDN Library) Epiphany 1.2.2 and higher Galeon 1.3.14 and higher Safari 1.2 and higher Mozilla Camino 0.7 and higher
•To enable IDN in an IE browser, it is necessary to install special plug-in supporting IDNs.
ecompany/amani 14
A list of support IDNS application
EMAIL Microsoft Outlook 2000, 2002 (XP), 2003; Outlook Express 5.0 and higher + - Verisign i-Nav PlugIn + Foxmail 5.0 and higher VisNetic MailServer 7.2.4 build 0 and higher Merak Mail Server 7.4.0 and higher PHlyMail
FTPSmartFTP 1.0 Build 980 Core FTP Version 1.3a SecureFTP 4.0.2004 Release and higher FTP Voyager 11.0 and higher
ecompany/amani 15
Browsing .امارت اتصاالت
ecompany/amani 16
Browsing a domain with “xn- -” prefix
ecompany/amani 17
http://www.arabic-domains.org.sa/main-en.php http://arabic-domains.org.sa/ar/how2use.php http://idn.isc.org/ http:// امارات. دليل IDNS RFCs:
o http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3490.txt
o http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3491.txt
o http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3492.txt
More information..
ecompany/amani 18