1 dr. md. mamunur rashid, 2013 welcome to the session of dr. md. mamunur rashid bangladesh...

1 Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013

Different Methods of Accident Prevention

Contents of the Session

Causes of industrial accident and their prevention, Unsafe working condition, unsafe acts, Accident proneness, Direct and indirect losses from accident, Measurement of accidents, Frequency Rate, Severity Rate, Protective measures for accident prevention and measure against occupational hazards.

Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013

Concepts of Accidents and Its Prevention


In early days, there was popular misconception about accident; accident just happens, these are acts of God; these are shear bad luck of victims. But the truth is “accidents are caused and can be prevented.”

Concepts of Accidents and Its Prevention (cont’d)


Fundamental safety concepts:Accidents are causedSteps must be taken to prevent accidentsThe same type of accident with recurs if corrective action is not taken.

Industrial Accident


An industrial accident, means an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person who makes him unfit to resume his duties in 48 hours.

Industrial Accident (Cont’d)


An industrial accident is an unexpected event, which is a sudden occurrence and must arise in the course of employment in an industrial establishment. The consequences of accident, which may be temporary or permanent and may also lead to death of workman.


Accidents

The anatomy of an Accident Supervisor’s Safety Performance Physical condition of the worker Mental condition of the worker

Immediate causes

Contributions Causes

Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions

Results of Accidents

Production delays property damage Minor injuries Disabling injuries


Direct causes

The anatomy of an Accident according to ANSI

Poor Management

Indirect causes

Basic Cause

Unsafe acts

Accidents fatality and injury property loss

Unplanned release of energy or hazardous material

Unsafe conditions

Basic Causes of Industrial Accident


Management Safety Policy & DecisionsPersonal FactorsEnvironmental factors

Immediate Causes of Accident:Unsafe Acts


• Operating without qualification or authorization.•Lack or improper use of PPE•Failure to secure equipments•Operating equipment at unsafe speed•Failure to warn•Bypass or removal of safety devices•Using defective equipment•Use of tools for other than their intended purpose.

Immediate Causes of Accident:Unsafe Acts (cont’d)


•Working in hazardous locations without adequate protection or warning•Improper repair of equipment•Horseplay•Wearing unsafe clothing•Taking an unsafe position.

Immediate Causes of Accident:Unsafe Working Conditions


•Inadequate supports or guards•Defective tools, equipment or supplies•Congestion of the workplace•Inadequate warning system•Fire and explosion hazards•Poor housekeeping•Hazardous atmosphere condition (gases, dust, fumes)•Excessive noise•Poor illumination ventilation•Radiation exposure.

Contributing Causes of Accident:Supervisory of Safety Performance


• Inadequate safety instruction.•Safety rules not enforced• hazards not corrected•Safety not planned as part of the Job•Infrequent contacts with employee•Safety devices not provided

Contributing Causes of Accident:Mental Condition of Person


• Lack of safety awareness• Lack of coordination•Improper attitude•Slow reaction•Inattention•Nervousness•Temperamentalism•Lack of emotional Stability

Contributing Causes of Accident:Physical Condition of Person


• Extreme fatigue•Deafness•Poor Eyesight•Hearing condition•Crippling or other handicap•Physically unqualified

Causes of Accident:


• Causes due to Poisonous Gases, Air etc.• Inadequate and ineffective supervision•Influence of Alcoholic Drinks or Drugs•Accidents due to Electrical Causes.

Causes of Accident:


Immediate causes Contributing Causes

Fall, Slip, Slide, Collision, Being caught in or between, Burn and fatality

Annoyance, Production Delays, Reduced Quality, Spoilage, Property damage, Minor injuries and disabling injuries and fatality

Indirect Losses from Accident:


•Payments for settlement of injury or death claims•Legal fees for defense against claims•Punitive damages that are assessed•Costs of rescue operations and equipment•Expenditure on emergency equipments•Recovery and salvage of damaged equipment and vehicles• loss of function and operations increase.•Slowdowns in operations while accident causes are determined and corrective actions taken.

Indirect Losses from Accident (cont’d)


•Penalties for failure to take action to correct hazards or defects or conditional that violate statues such as OSHAct (occupational safety and health Act) standards.• Corrective actions to prevent recurrence of an accident• Degradation of efficiency of operations because of loss of experienced and trained personnel.•Trained costs for replacement.• Lost time of personnel other than those involved in accident and follows ups.

Indirect Losses from Accident (cont’d)


•Lost time of personnel other than those involved in accident and follow-ups.•Obsolescence of parts for equipment destroyed.•Degradation of morale•Loss of public confidence and there fore revenue.•Loss of prestige.

Accident Prevention motives


Three fundamentals reasons for understanding safety programs:-

Moral LegalEconomic

Factors influencing errors in Human Performance


•Environment•Worker Capability•Skill Training•Motivation•Physical Condition•Errors in Human Performance•Performance Evaluation Standards


Accident Cause ClassificationTotal Number of Accidents=551

a. Human Factor, 55% (303)i. Mis-operation, 29% (162)ii. Result of Poor supervision, 15% (77)iii. Unsafe Acts by workers, 6% (33)iv. Incomplete Check, 5% (30)

b. Physical Factor, 39% (216)i. Poor Maintenance, 30% (167)ii. Inferior design, 5% (26)iii. Defective Fabrication, 4% (23)

c. Others 6% (32) : i. Act of God, Unknown causesii. Outside disturbance and iii. Others

The common reasons behind an accident:


•Management through Supervision

•Controls Man-Failure : Knowledge-Attitude-Fitness-Ability

Which causes or permits

Unsafe Mechanical or Physical Conditions

Unsafe Acts of Persons

Which causes

Accidents: 2% unpreventable; 98% preventable

Classification of Accidents


• As per ILO• According to Agency• According to the nature of the injury•According to the bodily location of the injury• According to Probability types of accident

i. Frequentii. Probableiii. Occasionaliv. Remotev. Improbable

Agency


•The agency is the object or substance which is most closely associated with the injury and which in general should have been properly guarded or adjusted: Machines, Pumps and prime movers, Elevators etc.

Agency Part


•Agency part is the particular part of selected agency, which is closely associated with the injury, and which is general was defective or not properly guarded: Belts, Pullers, Chains Cables, Moving parts, Ignition, heating or cooling systems parts, Frame, bed valves, gaskets packing and safety devices.

Unsafe Mechanical or Physical condition


• Improper guarded agencies• Defects of agencies•Hazardous arrangement/procedure in or around the selected agency.•Improper illumination•Improper ventilation•Unsafe dress

The unsafe Personal Factor: Improper Attitude


• Willful disregard/ignorance of instructions•Violent temper•Absent-mindedness•Willful intent to injure•Fearful, Nervous, excitable•Reckless, Lazy, Disloyal•Oversensitive, Jealous, impatient•Intolerant, over confidence•Failure to understand instructions

The unsafe Personal Factor: Lack of knowledge or Skill


• Insufficiently informed•Misunderstands•Indecisive not convinced of need

The unsafe Personal Factor: Bodily defects/Physical unsuitability


• Hearing, sight•Age, Sex, Height•Illness•Allergy•Slow reaction, crippled•Physical handicap•Intoxication

Cost of Accident: Direct Cost


• Payment of compensation to workmen for the injuries.

• Medical benefits to injured employees.• Loss due to waste of materials.• Loss in the production of goods and

services.• Cost of training the newly employed

workmen.

Cost of Accident: Indirect Cost


• Illness of the employees which is forced because of injury.

• Reduction in earning capacity of a disabled workmen.

• Cost of time lost in resuming production and stoppage of work by others workmen.

• Agitations by trade unions and employees.• Loss of profit to organization due to

reduction in the quality of output.• Expenses incurred on overheads• Loss of orders from customers• Legal cost.

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Thanks for your attentions !

1 dr. md. mamunur rashid, 2013 welcome to the session of dr. md. mamunur rashid bangladesh...

Documents

accident accident

immediate causes of

accident proneness

type of accident

consequences of accident

industrial accident

unsafe acts contd

unsafe clothing