1 dr. friedhelm schneider overview on grimm aerosol spectrometer for iaq part 1 part 1 motivation...

1 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider

Overview onGrimm Aerosol Spectrometer for IAQ

Part 1Part 1 Motivation (dust, health, regulations, …) Principle function (optical light scattering) Models and specifications

Part 2Part 2 Applications Occupational Health/Research


The Hazard potential of airborne aerosols is not alone given by the total mass of the dust.

A further danger proceeds from the size distribution of airborne particles.

Therefore a system should be able to measure both mass and size (with high accuracy and time resolution)!

Motivation: what‘s dust?

PM10 Filter Lienz, 20.12.2002Day-mean PM10: 57µg/m³

soot (0.1-1µm)raod traffic

glas spheres (1.5-3µm)domestic combustion

road salt (4µm)antropogenic mineral dust (3-10µm)

wind erosion

bacteria (app. 1.5µm)natural, wind erosion


Motivation: Effect on human health, Deposition of dust in the human lung

Inhaled dust Inhalable FractionInhalable Fraction

Fraction passing the larynx and getting into the thorax Thoracic FractionThoracic Fraction

The fine particles, entering the more than 300 Mio. alveolic bubbles Alveolic FractionAlveolic Fraction


Motivation: legal situation, outdoor and indoor (workplace, IAQ)

7 2777 101 80

362

675

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

back-ground

rural city highway garage flat pub

PM

10 [

µg/

m³]

Quelle: Fellner-et-al, Endbericht, Chemische Charakterisierung von PM10 in Graz

40µg/m³

guideline 1999/30/EGsince 1. 2005limit value for

PM10 (year): 40µg/m³PM10 (day): 50µg/m³(50µg/m³ allowed only for

35 days/year!)

guideline for workplaces e.g. EN 481limit values

(MAK, PEL, OEL,...) mostly for 8h working

time

Indoor (IAQ)no limit values but

recomended values only


Regulations: mass fractions PMx for environment (outdoor)

0

10

20

30

40

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60

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100

1 10 100

aerodynamic particle diameter [µm]

pe

rce

nta

ge

of

tota

la

irb

orn

e p

art

icle

s [

%]

PM2.5 PM10


Regulations: mass fractions EN 481 for workplaces (indoor)

0

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20

30

40

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60

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80

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100

1 10 100


pe

rce

nta

ge

of

tota

la

irb

orn

e p

art

icle

s [

%]

alveolic

inhalablethoracic


Regulations: mass fractions indoor and outdoor

0

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1 10 100


pe

rce

nta

ge

of

tota

la

irb

orn

e p

art

icle

s [

%]

alveolic

inhalablethoracic

PM2.5PM10


Workplace: limit values

The most important standards and rules for the workplaces are:

EN 481 (inhalable, thoracic and respirable fraction)

ISO 7708 (like EN 481)

TRGS 900 (Technical Rules of Dangerous Materials)

OSHA Standard No. 1910 (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

DINISO 7708


Workplace: example TRGS

limit valuesCAS No.material

A = respirable

E = inhalable

gaseousppm mg/m³

CAS-Nr. = Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number


Workplace: limit values

The limit values are set up and published through:

CEN (Europen Committee for Standardization)

DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung)

BGIA (Occupational Institute for Industrial Safety)

NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health)

OSHA (Occupational Safety + Health Administration)


Applications: Grimm Aerosol TechnikIndoor Air Monitor Instruments

For all applications where particle number For all applications where particle number concentration or particle mass (according to concentration or particle mass (according to EN 481, mass distribution orEN 481, mass distribution orindoor vs. outdoor) is needed,indoor vs. outdoor) is needed, with high time and sizewith high time and size resolution and for battery resolution and for battery powered portable use! powered portable use! This is the GRIMM This is the GRIMM Indoor Air MonitoringIndoor Air Monitoringproduct line!product line!


Principle: single particle light scattering, Grimm spectrometer principle


Principles of particle detection: Dual!high end spectrometry + gravimetric filter

aerosol focusingaerosol focusing

in real timefor particle number concentration andsize distribution

for gravimetric validationof particle mass

Dual technologyin one device!Grimm patent!


Principles of particle detection: Dual!high end spectrometry + gravimetric filter

filter chamber, open with 47 mm PTFE filter

particle number concentration andsize distribution withhigh time resolution and size resolution


TSPWRAC

(Wilson and Suh, 1996)

Particle Size in (µm)

TSPHi-vol

Mas

s/

l

og

D (

µg

3 /m

3 )

GRIMM AEROSOL SPECTROMETER RANGE – 31 channels

Mass size distributions and size fractions

PM10PM2.5

PM1

DIFFUSION SEDIMENTATION


specification: Grimm spectrometer 1.109 with 31 size channels and integrated PFTE-filter

Specifications #1.109

Particle counting up to 2 000 000 P/lDust range [µg/m³] 0.1…>100 000 Size Range [µm] 0.25…>32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts

32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µmSample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, volume controlledPower supply battery 12VDC (up to 8h) or 110…230VACWeight/Dimensions 2.4 kg (5.3lb) with battery / 24 x 13 x 7 cm

Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels

Particle mass fractions in µg/m³, simultaneously according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable) and

environmental (PM10, PM2.5, PM1)

Data output via Windows®

software


specification: 1.129 Sky-OPC with critical orifice, independent of ambient pressure



32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µmPower supply 12 VDC external, onlySample air flow rate 1.2 l/min constant, with critical orificeWeight/Dimensions 2.915 kg / 25.5 x 18.2 x 7.2 cm

Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels.

No filter validation for Particle mass fractions according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable)

and environmental (PM10, PM2.5, PM1)


software


specification: 1.209 Bioaerosol spec. with particle sampling on glass slide (+ microscope)



32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µmSample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, volume controlledPower supply battery 12VDC (up to 8h) or 110…230VACWeight/Dimensions 2.4 kg (5.3lb) with battery / 24 x 13 x 7 cm

Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels.

No filter validation for Particle mass fractions according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable)

and environmental (PM10, PM2.5, PM1)


software


specification: 1.320 Nano attachmentfor 1.108/1.109 measures Nano counts and mean diameter


Size Range 25…300nmSize channels 1 accumulative Particle counting >500 P/ccmSample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, via 1.10X

volume controlledPower supply battery 12VDC (16h)

or 110…230VACWeight/Dimensions 1.4 kg / 12 x 7 x 7 cm

Mean particle concentration in particles/ccm, for whole size range and mean particle diameter in nm.


software

Portable, no butanol, no radioaktive source!Portable, no butanol, no radioaktive source!


Applications:IAQ and Occupational

model 1.108 and 1.109model 1.108 and 1.109Occupational workplace monitoring EN 481 monitoring and PTFE-filter analysis for heavy metal Nano Counter attachment for Indoor application, model 1320

IAQ (indoor air quality) monitoring laser printer emissions, IAQ mass fractions and counts ventilation efficiency control at workplaces

IAQ-research passive smoking, comparison indoor and outdoor (PM, EN 481) emissions of laser printers, with high time resolution

Industrial process control isokinetic in stack sampling droplet measurements, size distribution stationary and mobile monitoring of dust with alarm unit


Applications: Filter testing,ventilation control, Wide Range

continuing model 1.108 and 1.109continuing model 1.108 and 1.109Atmospheric research measurements with airplanes, battery powered high time resolution vertical profiling of urban aerosols

WRAS Wide Range Aerosol Spectrometer emission control and ambient air monitoring

model 1.129 Sky-OPC, 1.209 Bioaerosol Spec.model 1.129 Sky-OPC, 1.209 Bioaerosol Spec.Atmospheric researchBioaerosol research and monitoring

model 7.300, 7.309, 7.310 an 7.209model 7.300, 7.309, 7.310 an 7.209Filter-testing, ventilation control filter test systems, filter test rig online ventilation control

10th China Aerosol Conference Changchun, July 26-Aug. 1, 2009 15/20

Measurement ResultsMeasurement Results

Measured along the highway from Graz to Linz in Austria. Austria is a mountainous country in central Europe and thus many highways often pass through many mountain tunnels

Spectrometer 1.109A car (TDS BMW)

ran in front of our car.

Gleinalmtunnel (8.3km)

Bolsrucktunnel (5.5km)

Speringtunnel 2.8km and

Klausertunnel 2.1km

When we passed by some heavy duty trucks (LKW), the instrument showed several subpeaks.


Applications: Occupational workplace monitoring + PTFE filter for chemistry

1.108 in indoor fibre-glass protection housing, model 164, with sensor for temperature and relative humidity. PTFE filter used for chemical analysis of heavy metal.Work place monitoring in production area, Ecoanalytic, Switzerland, 2008


Applications: Occupational workplace monitoring + 1320 Nano attachment

1.108 or 1.109 with Nano attachment model 1320 for workplace monitoring of ultra fine particles and dust mass fractions (or counts), with one portable system.Grimm Aerosol Technik, 2008


Nanoparticle Exposure during Soldering

1000

10000

100000

1000000

09:00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00

time

num

ber

conc

entr

atio

n [#

/cm

3 ]

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

mea

n di

amet

er [

nm]

number concentration

mean diameter

background

solderingcombustion and decay


Applications: IAQ Indoor Air Quality monitoring of laser printer emissions

1.108 online IAQ monitoring for fast resultsin offices. Emissions of laser printers (IAQ mass fractions and counts in 15 channels).

IAQ measurement in office, Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Magdeburg, Germany, 2008

IAQ mass fractions

counts (15 channels)


Applications: IAQ Indoor Air Quality, ventilation control

1.108 with sampling inlet 1.111 and sensor for humidity, temperature and velocity model 1.154.Control of ventilation system at workplaces.

IAQ measurement in production area, TECAN, Austria 2006

1

10

100

1000

10000

15:04 15:09 15:14 15:19 15:24 15:29 15:34 15:39time

part

icle

num

ber

conc

entr

atio

n [li

tre-1

]

>0,3µm>0,5µm>1µm>5µm


Applications: IAQ-researchIndoor Air Quality, PM values in Pubs

Online measurement outdoor and indoor with 1.108 and sampling inlet model 1.111 acc. to European guideline EN 481, measuring simultaneouslyinhalable, thoracic and alveolic mass fraction (or PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 for relative comparisons).

Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg, Lungenabteilung, 2006


Applications: IAQ-researchPM in offices, Scientific research

Measuring particle emission from copy machines and laser printers in offices online with high time resolution with 1.108.

University of Gießen, Germany, 2006

Printing!


Applications: Industrial process control, isokinetic in stack sampling

Model 1.152 sampling probe for isokinetic in stack sampling with four changeable inlets for air speeds up to 25m/s and air recirculation with pipe in pipe technology to measure without exerting pressure!


Applications: Industrial process controlfor solid particles AND liquid droplets

1.109 with model 1.152 for isokinetic sampling and model 1.154 sensor for humidity, temperature and velocity. Measuring of particle size distribution of droplets under various operation conditions.

LUMI Michelbach, Germany and Grimm Aerosol Technik, 2008

0,001

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000

10000

0,1 1 10Optical Latex-Equivalent diametr Dp, [µm]

dN/d

log(

Dp)

, [cc

m-1

]

air in

air out - OK wet

air out - simulation of male function


Applications: Industrial process control, stationary and mobile with alarm unit

1.108 with acoustical and visual alarm unit in indoor fibre-glass protection housing, model 164 with T and rH sensor.

EADS, Augsburg, 2007

1.108 with acoustical and visual alarm unit (model 1.147C),

if a dust threshold is exceeded. Specification: 110dB sound and

flashing light.


Applications: atmospheric research, airborne particle distribution

Airplane measurements with 1.108 for particle size distribution, online and battery powered!

Campaign in Australia, IMK-Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 2007


Applications: atmospheric researchphysical properties and chemistry

Spectrometer mounted at a Cessna wing cross beam with a isokinetic inlet for particle sampling inlet during flight.

University of Hohenheim and FU-Berlin, 1998Engelhardt T., (2005): Lasermikrosonden-Massenspektrometrie atmosphärischer Aerosolpartikel.Dissertation, Universität Hohenheim, 2004, ISBN 3-8322-3598-1, Shaker Verlag GmbH, Aachen.

1.108 spectrometer

mini-cascade impactorsfor aerosol particle sampling

isokinetic sampling probe

plexiglas wind protection


Applications: atmospheric researchvertical aerosol profiling, Milano, Italy

1.108 spectrometer for verticalaerosol profiling with a balloon

With permission of Luca Ferrero,Milano Bicocca University, Italy,presented at EAC, Salzburg 2007


Applications: mobile WRAS for exhaust emissions, 3 locations, Bozen, Italy

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

particle diameter [nm]

dN/d

ln(D

) [cm

- ³ ]

background air nanobackground air fine dustexhaust air nanoexhaust air fine dusthighway nanohighway fine dust

Background air

Highway

Sampling system, with permission of Dioxin Monitoring Systems, Kottingbrunn, Austria

WRAS SMPS+C and 1.108

Thermal wastecombustion energy plant

Exhaust air


Applications: atmospheric research inhigh altitudes, Sky-OPC model 1.129

IfT Leipzig, Germany, 2008

Helicopter carried platform ACTOS with 1.129 Sky-OPC for measuring submicron particles with 1 second time resolution up to 6km altitude, independent on air pressure.


Applications: Bioaerosol research,model 1.209 Bioaerosol spectrometer

In the lab: Bio-aerosol wind tunnel for testing emission and impaction of micro organisms.

In the field: Bioaerosol particles sampled in a stable

for animal husbandry.

University of Hannover, Institute of Animal Science, Germany, 2007


Applications: Filter testingprinciples

- volume controlled filter test, simultaneous upstream and downstream measurements- continuous filter testing for ventilation control- filter test according to ASHRAE- automobile filter test according to ISO 5011- and others


Applications: Filter tests,test rigs with Grimm technology inside

Filter test system e.g. with Grimm Model 7.309 (fine) or

7.310 (coarse) for validation of air filters, e.g. used for cars

and automotive industry.Mann + Hummel, Germany published in “Messen und Sensorik” 2008

Filter, used in Audi A8


Applications: Ventilation controlwith 7.209 dual filter tester

Electrostatic participator

for 50 m³/sec Airflow

Online efficiency control of ventilation systems (e.g. electrostatic participators in tunnels) with dual filter tester model 7.209.Upstream and downstream simultaneously!Data output in counts (31 channels) or mass.

Filtrontec, Germany (tunnel project Calle30, Madrid, Spain), 2007-2008


Grimm instruments measure

particle numbernumber concentrationand particle sizesize

and you can obtain particle massmass

with high time resolution and high accuracy!For indoor AND outdoor application!

1 dr. friedhelm schneider overview on grimm aerosol spectrometer for iaq part 1 part 1 motivation...

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friedhelm schneider

friedhelm schneider

friedhelm schneider

friedhelm schneider

5pm10 slide

mass fractions indoor

indoor workplace

wind erosion slide