DASAR IMUNOLOGI

Immune system is really a net work that involves many different players which interact with each other

Functions of the immune system :To discriminate self from non-self To recognise self To maintain tolerance to self (autoimmunity) To recognise non-self To react to non-self (immunodeficiency) To avoid reacting to harmless antigens (allergy) To recognise and respond to altered self (cancer)

FILOGENI SISTEM IMUN

FILOGENI SISTEM IMUN - Evolusi perkembangan sistem imun adalah suatu seri respons adaptif terhadap lingkungan yang berubah dan potensial rawan - Evolusi perkembangan sistem imun ditinjau dari susdut keragaman berbagai macam spesies, dari yang paling primitif sampai yang paling kompleks yaitu manusia - seleksi spesies yang paling dapat beradaptasi terhadap lingkungan proses adaptasi : dasar filogeni respons imun

FILOGENI IMUNITAS NON SPESIFIK - Bentuk paling primitif : fagositosis - Organisme uniseluler, fagositosis berfungsi nutritif - Organisme lebih tinggi, fagositosis berfungsi pertahanan - Pada manusia, 3 dari lekosist yang beredar yaitu monosit, PMN dan eosinofil berperan sebagai fagosit - Respons inflamasi, pertahanan non spesifik yang sudah terlihat pada invertebrata primitif - Dengan evolusi, bentuk pertahanan dipertahankan dan ditambah bentuk lain

FILOGENI IMUNITAS SPESIFIK - Sudah terlihat pada invertebrata primitif (hangfish) berbentuk sistem limfoid yang tersebar. Antibodi yang terbentuk analog dengan IgM - Vertebrata yang tinggi, struktur limfoid tersendiri - Urutan evolusi kelas imunoglobulin paralel dengan proses pematangan pada individu - Respons imun yang berkembang sempurna dengan spesifisitas dan memori imunologik

FILOGENI

ONTOGENI SEL LIMFOSIT B

PROGENITOR : SEL STEM HEMATOPOITIK PLURIPOTEN EMBRIO : YOLK SAC MIGRASI : HATI, LIMPA, SSTL LAHIR : SSTL TEMPAT PERKEMBANGAN UTAMA : SSTL SEL B AKTIF SEL BLAST SEL PLASMA - SEL MEMORI IMUNOGLOBULIN SEL MEMORI : Tanpa stimulasi antigen : tahan hidup minggu - bulan Sirkulasi : pembuluh darah, pembuluh limfe, dan kelenjar limfe Antigen sel B aktif sel plasma Antibodi

ONTOGENI

Origin, differentiation & main function in immunity of phagocytes

Bone Marrow stem cells

Lymphoid progenitors

Myeloid progenitors

Erythroid progenitors

Platelet progenitors

T Lymphocyte

B Lymphocyte

Erythrocytes

Platelets

Granulocytes (In Blood & Tissues)Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

Monocytes ( In Blood )MacrophagesAlveolar Splenic & lymph node Liver Kupffer cells Peritoneal Other tissues (brain, synovia, kidney)

Microbicidal present early in inflamm response

Destroy parasites produce mediators of inlammation

Release histamine & heparin in anaphylactic reaction

Present late in inflamm response Microbicidal Initiate immune response

10

Elements of the immune systemHUMORAL

Chemokines PRR

CELLULAREO PMN M

Cytokines s-Receptors Granzyme NO C IgM IgA

non specific innate immunity specific adaptive immunityB

NK

DC

TH

NKT

IgGIgE

CTL

Treg

COMPONENTS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSETYPE B-Lymphocyte LOCATION Lymph nodes Spleen Peripheral FUNCTION Reacts with specific antigens & differentiates into plasma cell or memory cell Responsible for antibody-mediated immunity Specific antigen recognition to trigger cell mediated immunity Mobilizes other cells tom participate in cell mediated immunity Helps regulate immune response Produces antibodies IgG, IgA, IgE IgM, IgD.

T-lymphocyte

Lymph nodes Spleen Peripheral Tissue fluids Lymph nodes, Spleen Gastrointestinal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) Peripheral All tissues Blood (plasma proteins) Blood Tissue inflammation

Plasma cells

Macrophage ComplementMediators of inflammation Neutrophils Eosinophils

Presents antigens to B & T lymphocytes Engulf opsonized bacteria Forms cytolytic and toxic complexes to antigen Engulf immune complexes Phagocytosis12

The immune system : basic concept

Innate

Adaptive

Non-specific

Specific

Humoral

Cellular

Humoral

Cellular

First line of defence Complement, Interferon, TNF, etc Macrophage, neutrophils

Second line of defence Specifics B-cells: antibodies Specific T-cells

No memory

Memory

SISTEM IMUNNONSPESIFIK SPESIFIK

FISIK

LARUT

SELULAR

HUMORAL SEL B : IgG IgA IgM IgD IgE

SELULAR SEL T : Th1 Th2 Ts/Tr/Th3 Tdth CTL/Tc

KULIT SELAPUT LENDIR SILIA BATUK BERSIN

BIOKIMIA : LISOZIM, SEBASEOUS, ASAM LAMBUNG, LAKTOFERIN, ASAM NEURAMINIK HUMORAL : KOMPLEMEN, INTER FERON, CRP

FAGOSIT : MN, PMN SEL NK SEL MAST BASOFIL

PERBEDAAN SISTEM IMUN NONSPESIFIK DAN SPESIFIK

NONSPESIFIK POSITIF : SELALU SIAP, RESPONS CEPAT, TIDAK PERLU PAJANAN SEBELUMNYA NEGATIF : DAPAT BER >>, MEMORI