1 dasar alam sekitar malaysia zaini ujang, seminar asasi, 10 mei 2008 1 dasar alam sekitar malaysia...
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Dasar Alam Sekitar MalaysiaSuatu Tinjauan dan Cadangan
Zaini [email protected] http://www.fkkksa.utm.my/staff/zaini
Timbalan Naib Canselor (Penyelidikan dan Inovasi) Profesor Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Presentation menu
• Sejarah perkembangan dan aktivisme politik ►• Dasar-dasar utama ►• Tinjauan kritis ►• Cabaran utama pengurusan alam sekitar ►
– Polisi dan dasar kewangan mesra alam ►
– Minda lestari ►
– Pengajaran hadith ►
• Langkah ke hadapan ►• Rumusan ►
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Sejarah perkembangan dan aktivisme politik
• 1990-an: Stigma diasosiasikan dengan aktivisme “hijau”• Gerakan “hijau” menjadi kemestian dan trend semasa• Stigma jika tidak mesra alam:
– Organisasi korporat
– Elit dan parti politik
– Golongan “atasan”
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Underlying global drivers
Drivers Trends / initiatives
Global benchmarking Ecological footprint
Philosophy Environmentalism
National interests Biofuel, energy consumption
New economy Green economy
Commitment Being green
Institution Cleaner production, ISO16000
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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An ideal eco-person
• Thinking green• Living green
– Eating green– Driving green
• Environmental ethics
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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First generation
Ideas Practice Beliefs
General public & consumers
Activist
Media
Policy maker
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Second generation
Ideas Practice Beliefs
General public & consumers
Activist
Media
Policy maker
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Third generation
Ideas Practice Beliefs
General public & consumers
Activist
Media
Policy maker
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Fourth generation
Ideas Practice Beliefs
General public & consumers
Activist
Media
Policy maker
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Sixth generation
Ideas Practice Beliefs
General public & consumers
Activist
Media
Policy maker
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Learning and knowledge
Data Information
Theory
Experience
Knowledge
Filter
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Path to wisdom
Data
Information
Knowledge
Understanding
Wisdom
Data Information Knowledge Understanding Wisdom
Events, experiments etc
Description: WHAT?
Instruction: HOW?
Explanation: WHY?
What is the best?
The past The future
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Dasar-dasar utama alam sekitar
• Sumber asli• Bahan cemar dan pencegahan pencemaran• Aktiviti• Kumpulan sasaran• Pengurusan / organisasi
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Tinjauan kritis
• Dasar• Skop perundangan• Falsafah• Pelaksanaan• Penguatkuasaan
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Typical reactions
• Whose fault? Siapa salah?• Siapa yang patut dipertanggungkjawabkan?• Apa Kerajaan buat?• Political will?• Dulu Menteri ada umumkan untuk buat …,
sampai sekarang belum ….• etc.
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Policy making process
• Initial concern through accidents, tragedies, international pressure, regional framework, etc
• Reactions from general public• Political will• Parliamentary procedures• Structure of implementation agency, funding mechanisms• Implementation started• Improvements, new challenges• New concerns etc.
3 to 5 years
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Actors of policy making process
• Policy makers• Policy holders• Policy implementers• Policy experts, R&D• Policy watchdog• General public
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Actors of policy making process
NatureMan/Woman
Policy beneficiaries
Policy makers
Policy implementers
Policy experts
Policy watchdog
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Tasks Agencies Scope
Policy making Cabinets, Parliamentarians Overall
Policy holding & Dept. of Environment Water, Air, Scheduled waste
implementation Dept. of Sewerage Services Sewerage
Dept. of Irrigation & Drainage Rivers, Lakes, Coast
Department of Forestry Forest
Cleanliness – Local Authorities Cleanliness
Education – Ministry of Education Education
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations
R&D
Policy experts Universities, Consultants Overall
Policy watchdog Press, NGOs, individuals Overall
Policy beneficiaries General public, Political constituencies, Tourists, Industries
Overall
Actors in environmental governance (<2006)
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Watchdog
• Investigate (smell)• Intelligence (McGyver)• Policing (prevention)• Alert (barking!)
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Press
• Reporting• Investigative reporting• Critical and constructive• “Save Penang”
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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River pollution in general
Untreated sewage
Partially treated sewage
Untreated industrial wastewater
Partially treated wastewater
Soil erosion
Wrong connection of pipes
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Pollution loads of wastewater(Ministry of Construction, Japan, 1996)
Parameters Black water or
Urine+faeces (%)
Grey water (%)
BODs 32 68
CODmn 36 64
SS 47 53
Nitrogen 75 25
Phosphorus 75 25
Grey water = bathing, washing, kitchen, etc.
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Cabaran utama pengurusan alam sekitar
• Kesan pemanasan global– Lokal– Serantau– Nasional– Lokal
Contoh:
Penghasilan gas-gas rumah kaca daripada loji rawatan air sisa
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Dasar kewangan mesra alam
• Insentif cukai• Insentif teknologi baru• Insentif
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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The book that significantly changed my “success” formula
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Basic equation
Success = Ability x Effort x Attitude
Ability = Natural talents + Hobbies + Leadership++= 0 to 100
Effort = Education + Training + Experience + += 0 to 100
Attitude = Life + Career + Society + Nature ++= -100 to 100
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Example: Basic equation
Success = Ability x Effort x Attitude
Ability = 10 + 30 + 30 = 70
Effort = 30 + 30 + 20= 80
Attitude = -30 + 30 + (-20) + 10= -10
Success = 70 x 80 x (-10) ► FAILURE!
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Café is an important indication to evaluate the academic culture in university
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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A great man will find a great subject,or which is the same thing,
make any subject great
EMERSON (1833)
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Awards, winning prizes are not the aim, but could be a good motivational booster
Some times you receive some kind of
recognitions, if you are lucky, such as
Malaysia Water Award 2004, Best Research Award 2005, Datukship
2007, etc.
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Dasar Alam Sekitar Malaysia ZAINI UJANG, Seminar ASASI, 10 Mei 2008
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Academic journey is a marathon event, long and colorful …