1 composite construction introduction to composite construction of buildings
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Composite Construction Composite Construction Composite Construction Composite Construction
Introduction to composite Introduction to composite construction of buildingsconstruction of buildings
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GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral
These two materials complete one These two materials complete one another:another:
SteelSteel and concreteand concrete
Concrete is efficient in compression and steel in Concrete is efficient in compression and steel in tensiontension
Concrete encasement restrain steel against Concrete encasement restrain steel against bucklingbuckling
Protection against corrosion and fireProtection against corrosion and fire
Steel bring ductility into the structureSteel bring ductility into the structure
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GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral
Aspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structures:structures:
ArchitecturalArchitectural
EconomicalEconomical
FunctionalityFunctionality
Service and FlexibilityService and Flexibility
AssemblyAssembly
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Aspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructuresAspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructures
Architectural:Architectural:
Longer spansLonger spans
Thinner slabsThinner slabs
More slender columnMore slender column
More generous opportunities for More generous opportunities for designdesign
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Aspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructuresAspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructures
Economical:Economical: Reduction of height reduces the total of Reduction of height reduces the total of
the building --> saving area of claddingthe building --> saving area of cladding
Longer spans with the same height Longer spans with the same height
--> column free rooms--> column free rooms
Additional storeys with the same Additional storeys with the same total height of buildingtotal height of building
Quicker time of erection:Quicker time of erection: Saving costs, earlier completion of the buildingSaving costs, earlier completion of the building Lower financing costsLower financing costs Ready for use earlier thus increasing Ready for use earlier thus increasing
rental incomerental income
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Aspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructuresAspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructures
Functionality:Functionality: Fire protection by using principles of reinforced Fire protection by using principles of reinforced
concrete in which the concrete protects the steelconcrete in which the concrete protects the steel
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Aspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructuresAspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructures
Service and building flexibility:Service and building flexibility: Adaptable structuresAdaptable structures
Modification during the life of the buildingModification during the life of the building Modify services without violating the privacy of Modify services without violating the privacy of
other occupantsother occupants Accommodation of service facilitiesAccommodation of service facilities
in the ceilingin the ceiling
within a false floorwithin a false floor
in a coffer box running along the wallsin a coffer box running along the walls
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Aspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructuresAspects for using composite Aspects for using composite structuresstructures
Assembly:Assembly: Working platforms of steel deckingWorking platforms of steel decking
Permanent shuttering Permanent shuttering
Reinforcement of profiled steel sheetings Reinforcement of profiled steel sheetings Speed and simplicity of constructionSpeed and simplicity of construction
Quality controlled products ensure greater accuracyQuality controlled products ensure greater accuracy
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Construction methodsConstruction methodsConstruction methodsConstruction methods
Traditionally two counteracting methods of construction could be observed both connected with special advantages but also disadvantages worth mentioning. Conventional concrete Conventional concrete
construction methodconstruction method
Construction in steelConstruction in steel
++ freedom of form and freedom of form and shapesshapes
++ easy to handle easy to handle
++ thermal resistance thermal resistance
-- time-consuming shuttering time-consuming shuttering
-- sensitive on tensile forces sensitive on tensile forces
++ high ratio between bearing high ratio between bearing capacity and weightcapacity and weight
++ prefabrication prefabrication
++ high accuracy high accuracy
-- low fire resistance low fire resistance
-- need of higher educated need of higher educated personalpersonal
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Construction methodsConstruction methodsConstruction methodsConstruction methods
Composite ConstructionComposite Construction
comparing these two methods a combination of both comparing these two methods a combination of both presents the most economic waypresents the most economic way
++ higher bearing capacity higher bearing capacity
++ higher stiffness higher stiffness
++ plastic redistribution plastic redistribution
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Construction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elements
composite column floor = beam + slabcomposite beam
composite slab
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Construction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elements
Composite slabsComposite slabs
Reinforced concrete slabReinforced concrete slab
in-situ concrete on shuttering partially prefabricated slabs fully prefabricated slabs
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Construction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elements
SlabsSlabs
Pre-stressed concrete slabsPre-stressed concrete slabs
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Construction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elements
SlabsSlabs Profile steel sheetingProfile steel sheeting
Interlock between steel and concreteInterlock between steel and concrete
frictionalfrictional mechanicalmechanical
end anchorageend anchorage
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Construction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elements
BeamsBeams Conventional and innovative Conventional and innovative
composite beamscomposite beams
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Construction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elements
BeamsBeams Types of shear connectorsTypes of shear connectors
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Construction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elements
ColumnsColumns Examples of composite columnsExamples of composite columns
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Construction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elementsConstruction elements
JointsJoints Example of vertical shear transfer Example of vertical shear transfer
between beam and columnbetween beam and columnremoved after concreting
bracket with shear connectorscontact pieceweld seam
reinforcement
bracket for the lower flange
shot-fired nails
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ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples
Millennium Tower Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)(Vienna - Austria)
55 storeys55 storeys Total height 202 mTotal height 202 m Total ground floor 38000 m2Total ground floor 38000 m2 Capital expenditure about 145 million EuroCapital expenditure about 145 million Euro Time of erection: 8 monthsTime of erection: 8 months
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ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples
Millennium Tower Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)(Vienna - Austria)
Composite columns
Concrete core
Composite Slim floor beams
Concrete slab
42,3 m
Composite frame
42,3 m
33,0
5 m
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ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples
Millennium Tower Millennium Tower (Vienna - Austria)(Vienna - Austria)
Total time of erection: 8 monthTotal time of erection: 8 monthmax. speed 2 to 2.5 storeys per week!max. speed 2 to 2.5 storeys per week!
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ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples
Citibank Duisburg Citibank Duisburg (Duisburg - Germany)(Duisburg - Germany)
15 storeys15 storeys Total height 72 mTotal height 72 m Total ground floor 14500 m2Total ground floor 14500 m2
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ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples
Parking deck “DEZ” Parking deck “DEZ” (Innsbruck - Austria)(Innsbruck - Austria) 4 storeys4 storeys Ground dimensions 60 x 30 mGround dimensions 60 x 30 m Max. span length 10.58 m with Max. span length 10.58 m with
26 cm slim floor slab (= l/40)26 cm slim floor slab (= l/40)
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ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples
Parking deck “DEZ” Parking deck “DEZ” (Innsbruck - Austria)(Innsbruck - Austria)
Erection of composite columns over 2 storeysErection of composite columns over 2 storeysAssembly of prefabricated concrete slabsAssembly of prefabricated concrete slabs
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ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples
Parking deck “DEZ” Parking deck “DEZ” (Innsbruck - Austria)(Innsbruck - Austria)
Cross section of the slim-floor beam and slabCross section of the slim-floor beam and slab-200 mm concrete slab-200 mm concrete slab-60 mm prefabricated concrete elements-60 mm prefabricated concrete elements-steel beam:-steel beam: web 165/20 mmweb 165/20 mm
flange 245/40 mmflange 245/40 mm-headed studs: 22 mm-headed studs: 22 mm
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Concluding summaryConcluding summaryConcluding summaryConcluding summary
Composite construction is popular Composite construction is popular for buildings because of following for buildings because of following aspects:aspects:
EconomyEconomy
ArchitectureArchitecture
FunctionalityFunctionality
Service and building flexibilityService and building flexibility
AssemblyAssembly