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1. Climate change: Mitigation & Adaptation

1A. Present Situation Describe the present situation in relation to CO2 emissions, including any relevant disadvantages or constraints resulting from historical, geographical and/or socio-economic factors which may have influenced this indicator area. Where available, information/data should be provided from previous years (5 – 10) to show trends. Provide figures for, and comment on, the following specific indicators for the city:

1. Total CO2 emissions equivalent (tonnes) per year; 2. CO2 emissions equivalent per capita (tonnes) per year; 3. CO2 emissions equivalent per capita (tonnes) resulting from fuel use in transport; 4. CO2 emissions (tonnes) per MWh electricity consumed; 5. CO2 emissions reduction target(s) (e.g. 20% by 2020).

Mention any target(s) adopted specifically for the municipal administration (e.g. carbon neutral municipality by 2020). Give details of any Baseline Emission Inventory prepared by the city, mentioning the baseline year. Provide a breakdown of the main sources of emissions. Scientific grounds should be provided for any claimed reduction in CO2 emissions. (max. 600 words) Changes in shares of different energy resources impact individual pollutant emissions. Emissions of CO2 are mainly the result of fossil fuel combustion. With a clear goal of further reduction of CO2 emissions, we will continue with replacement of fossil fuels with more environmentally friendly energy resources.

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Targets for reducing CO2 emissions:

Ljubljana is a signatory of the Covenant of Mayors and therefore committed to reducing CO 2 emissions by at least 20% by 2020 .

In the Sustainable Energy Action Plan (2011) , we have set out concrete measures to reduce CO 2 emissions by 30% by 2020 (more in 1C).

As part of the “Ljubljana – smart city ” project, in 2011 the study Sustainable Urban Infrastructure – Ljubljana – Outlook to 2050 was prepared, which offers two scenarios to reduce CO2 emissions by 50% and/or 80% by 2050 (reference year 2008).

Historical, geographical, socio-economic factors

Ljubljana is situated in a basin and air circulatio n is poor , particularly in winter (average wind speed in January is only 1.3 m/s, and 2.0 m/s in May).

Additional burden represents transit traffic owing to the city’s position at the intersection of two European transport corridors. Ljubljana is the economic, political and administrative centre of Slovenia, which is reflected in the number of daily commuters (130.000 vehicles).

A heat island in the city centre, which is between 5 and 7 °C warmer than the periphery. In 2011 we joined the international project UHI (Urban Heat Island) – Dev elopment and application of strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change through measures to reduce the heat island phenomenon. By 2014 we’ll develop a suitable tool to model the phenomenon and impacts of the urban heat island.

Project CC-WaterS (Climate Change and Impacts on Water Supply)

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We assessed the impact of climate change on the reliability of long-term public drinking water supply, and evaluated its effect on farming and emissions into groundwater. We’re preparing a strategy with measures for the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change using modelled climate change scenarios for the periods 2021-2050 and 2071-2100. Results indicate that water shortages are not to be expected in Ljubljana in the future, since groundwater recharge is three times greater than co nsumption . Project CC-WARE (Mitigating Vulnerability of Water Resources under Climate Change) We’ll determine the vulnerability and threat to water sources based on climate indicators, which will evaluate extreme weather events and their impact on ecosystems whose existence depends on the presence of water, and on the link between surface and groundwater. The test area is the Ljubljansko Barje wetland (major source of drinking water as well as an area of ecosystems that need water to exist). Basic emissions records Since 1994 we’ve been preparing :

Energy balance is prepared on the basis of data from major energy producers, distributors and customers in Ljubljana (public companies Energetika, Snaga, TE-TOL, Elektro Ljubljana, etc.) and Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, national Roads Agency and national Environmental Agency. In 2009 the balance tables were harmonised with EUROSTAT methodology, in order to allow comparison with the balances of other EU Members. We separated up the fuel types: biofuels, biodiesel and biogas.

Emissions balance is based on data of energy resources use by sectors: energy converters, industry, general consumption and transport. Emissions by individual pollutants for major stationary polluters are obtained at source or from the Environmental Agency. For other sources of emissions, quantities are calculated using CORINAIR emissions factors. For the transport sector they are calculated using the COPERT III methodology, which takes into account the structure of vehicles, speed, average traffic and other factors.

1B. Past Performance Describe the measures implemented over the last 5 to 10 years to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including resources allocated to implement these measures. Comment on which measures have been most effective. Make reference to:

1. An overall strategy for climate change or any other strategy or action plan to reduce emissions, for this period;

2. Mainstreaming of climate protection measures across municipal services and in key areas of action such as energy efficiency in residential and commercial buildings, public transport and waste management. Highlight any innovative schemes for the built environment such as low carbon zones;

3. Mechanisms used (e.g. local regulations, financing schemes, partnerships). Explain how the city works on emissions reduction with other governmental bodies, private sector service providers, enterprises and citizens. Mention relevant national legislation or programmes and participation in EU-funded projects or networks.

Describe the city’s approach to adaptation to the impacts of climate change. Provide details on how this approach is monitored.

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(max. 1200 words) Local transport

In 2007 we created an ecological zone in the city centre, closed for motorized vehicles . We’re enlarging and refurbishing the zone, which now covers 91,244 m2 (estimated investment EUR 36,300,000).

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With the Fabiani Bridge (EUR 16,500,000) the inner ring road around the city centre was

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completed (2012).

Our project “Refurbishment of the Banks and Bridges of the River Ljubljanica” was awarded the European Prize for Urban Public Space (2012).

We set the first public CNG filling station in Slovenia (2011, EUR 1.2 million). Ljubljana has 40

public charging stations for electric vehicles . When purchasing new vehicles, we give precedence to clean, particularly CNG and electric vehicles .

In 2011 we introduced a public bikesharing system called Bicike(LJ) .

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Integration of public transport routes which we’ve implemented over the past five years is

one of the ways we are increasing the number of pub lic transport passengers : the number of passengers rose by 4.6% in 2011 and 14.8% in 2012. In 2007-2013 period we connected 8 new Ljubljana settlements to the urban public transport network, and integrated interurban routes with urban routes in seven neighbouring muni cipalities .

Urbana city card (EUR 2.4 million) supports use of public transport (free transfers within 90 minutes of paying for the first journey), P&R system, public car parking, Bicike(LJ), city libraries.

As a leading partner and coordinator of the European project CIVITAS ELAN , Ljubljana has

implemented 17 local and 4 joint measures and numerous activities contributing to sustainable transport .

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Energy performance of buildings

Over the last 10 years we've implemented energy retrofit of City of Ljubljana (COL) public buildings at a cost of EUR 7 million. In the past five years we invested EUR 1.2 million in energy retrofit of Ljubljana's sports facilities and replaced all asbestos roofs at primary schools and kindergartens (EUR 16.5 million).

City of Ljubljana Public Housing Fund owns and manages a sizeable stock of non-profit rental housing. In the past five years, in constructing and renovating the building stock we invested 20 million EUR to meet high energy efficiency standards.

At the country's largest sports and recreation facility, Stožice Centre (2010), we installed the largest district cooling system in Slovenia (EUR 2,600,000).

In January 2013 Energetika Ljubljana issued a call for applications for subsidies for the implementation of energy efficiency measures by final customers in the amount of EUR 885,000.

Waste management In 2012 we collected 100,053 tons of waste (255.7 kg per inhabitant), of which 46,949 tons was separately collected and separated (167 kg per inhabitant). In 2012 the quantity of waste generated per inhabitant decreased by 52 kg in comparison to 2009, owing to easier accessibility of infrastructure, intensive communication activity and awareness-raising.

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Since 2008 we’ve been replacing ordinary containers in the city centre with underground collection points (more in Indicator 7).

Heat supply

District heating system in Ljubljana comprises 259 km of hot water network . Around 90% of the heat is produced in combined heat and power production. Natural gas supply network is being expanded from COL to suburban municipalities, and covers 1,030 km . In total , the district heating system and natural gas distribution network now provide heating for 72.4 % of COL flats. The cumulative savings of CO 2 emissions from 1991 to 2012 amount to 4 million to ns CO 2.

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In 2008 TE-TOL Ljubljana (power and heat production enterprise), the main provider of heat for

the city’s district heating system, began the gradual replacement of coal with wood chips, in this way reducing CO 2 emissions by 10% or 80,000 tons/a. Through the planned gradual replacement of coal with natural gas, this reduction will be even greater.

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Waste water management Within Ljubljana, 87.3% of inhabitants are connected to the public sewerage system (in 2006 the share was 69%), while in the area of compact urban settlement 91.5% of inhabitants are connected . Ljubljana Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) serves 81.4% of inhabitants. The remainder of urban waste water is connected to the public sewerage system and treated at local municipal waste water plants (serving 5.9% of inhabitants) . In sparsely settled areas, small municipal waste water plants are being installed in new developments (more in Indicator 9). Street lighting Street lighting installations in Ljubljana are among the most advanced in Europe. Trend of energy consumption for street lighting is in decline, despite new installations. Owing to the introduction of new energy-saving bulbs and appropriate sources of lighting and operating systems (adjusting light levels to traffic density and weather conditions), the nominal power for lighting in Ljubljana has been drastically reduced, standing now at around 2. 95 MW, where it was 9 MW in 2000.

Solar power plants

Solar power plants (SPP) have been placed on the buildings of Energetika Ljubljana and Ljubljana Technology Park (total EUR 708,400). By the end of 2013 Snaga will install one (estimate EUR 271,000). In COL area, from 2007 to 2012 a total of 99 SPP were installed, with total capacity of 6,571 kW.

Implementing climate change adaptation measures

Care for existing green areas and creation of new o nes

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We created 40 hectares of new parks and planted 2,000 new trees (2008-2012).

Conservation of green wedges and sustainable manage ment of forests

We declared 1,400 hectares of forest special-purpose forest (2010).

Active flood prevention

The water courses are maintained by the state, however we’ve cleaned out roadside ditches, trimmed bushes and disposed waste material (2011-2012: EUR 491,217). In the last six years we’ve allocated EUR 753,186 to the elaboration of flood safety studies. We’ve drawn up measures to increase flood safety, which were confirmed by the City Council (2012). We will implement them in cooperation with the state , in the 2014-2020 financial perspective (total value: EUR 50 million ).

We’re acting towards mitigation of and adaption to climate change

As part of the UHI project we’ve restored the water surfaces in front of the Slovene Ethnographic Museum; we’re arranging the central section of the main traffic a rtery, Slovenska Street, complementary to the change of the traffic regime by creating green areas, and setting up information point; we’re introducing additional air quality measurements to evaluate the impact of traffic on air quality (also because of the change in the traffic regime – primarily in the ecological zone); we will provide the modelling tool for UHI phenomenon evaluation.

National legislation Climate Change Act and Strategy for Slovenia’s transition to a low-carbon society by 2050 are being drafted. Awareness-raising campaigns

Annual campaigns : “For a more beautiful Ljubljana” clean-up campaign (since 2001, EUR 50,000 a year), European Mobility Week and Car-Free Day (since 2001), European Sustainable Energy Week (since 2011).

Energy Advisory Office : experts offer advice to citizens on efficient energy use and renewable sources (2011: 550 individual consultations).

Numerous websites: Interactive "Ljubljana – smart city " project (since 2010, in cooperation with Siemens), designed to keep the public informed about the state of the environment; website Cevkovo mesto (informs children about water), website Primavoda (provides content about water in an innovative way), etc.

We’re organizing awareness-raising workshops on the topic of flood-prevention measures.

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We published (together with Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering and Water Science Institute) a leaflet with helpful tips and designed a website www.poplavljen.si.

In 2010 the innovative TE-TOL mobile portal , which offers citizens to consult emissions figures, won the World Summit Award .

1C. Future Plans Describe the future short and long term objectives and proposed approach for further emissions reduction, ‘climate proofing’ and adaptation to the impacts of climate change. Describe planned measures, including timescales and emphasise to what extent plans are supported by commitments, budget allocations, and monitoring and performance evaluation schemes. Make reference to any long-term strategy employed. Briefly explain the rationale for choosing these future measures and highlight any innovative financing arrangements. (max. 800 words) Environmental Protection Programme 2007–2013 The two key strategic objectives with a direct influence on climate change, with their operational objectives, are:

Establishing a sustainable mobility system: • increasing the share of public transport and of non-motorised traffic, • reduce long-distance road transit traffic and freight transport routes within the region.

Ensuring energy efficiency (EE) and the use of rene wable energy sources (RES):

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• reduce energy consumption in COL buildings, • ensuring EE in new constructions, • increasing the share of RES.

The document (2006) represented a basis for subsequent strategies such as Sustainable Mobility Plan (SMP), Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP). We’re currently concluding the draft of the Environmental Protection Programme 2014–2020 . Sustainable Energy Action Plan: 2010-2020 Document offers a modern concept of planning of energy supply and use through replacement of environmentally less acceptable fossil fuels with m ore acceptable energy resources; improvements of efficiency of energy conversions; r eduction of energy use in all segments of consumption and introduction of technologies for th e exploitation of RES . The biggest effect on final energy consumption reduction will be achieved by improvement of EE in buildings and changes of fuel types in transport. Total final energy consumption will be reduced by 16% by 2020 (from 8,150 GWh/a to 6,840 GWh/a). The use of RES will be achieved through the introduction of wood biomass in the district heating and electricity supply system, the use of solar energy and the installation of heat pumps.

Given the measures in the field of mitigation of an d adaptation to climate change which we are already implementing, and the Sustainable Energy Ac tion Plan, we predict a 30% reduction of CO2 by 2020 . This target goes beyond our commitment under the Covenant of Mayors. Ljubljana’s Sustainable Mobility Plan (2012) The emphasis is on the promotion of sustainable forms of mobility and the restriction of private car use. The target for 2020 is to distribute mobility into thirds : 1/3 public transport, 1/3 non-motorised traffic, 1/3 private vehicles. SMP will be implemented through annual budgets. The estimated amount for 2014 is EUR 24,800,000.

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Public Transport in Ljubljana Urban Region (LUR) With regard to the region, the Regional Development Agency of the Ljubljana Urban Region (RRA LUR) prepared the Expert Guidelines for the Regulation of Public Tran sport in LUR (2009). This defines six key tasks by the year 2027 that we’re implementing jointly. Electromobility Strategy (2013) With its ten measures it defines basic development of electromobility in Ljubljana. It foresees the implementation of several pilot projects (by the end of 2015), designed to promote the use of electric vehicles, and the implementation of the charging infrastructure. Sustainable Local Action Plan 2020 for LUR It was developed as part of the EU2020 Going Local project in partnership with RRA LUR (2012) to achieve the EU’s sustainable development goals (estimate investments: traffic EUR 9,600,000; energy efficiency EUR 4,250,000; renewable energy sources EUR 1,350,000). Selected objectives

• Introduction of cogeneration (electricity and heat) from natural ga s up to 2018 (estimate: EUR 155 million).

• Increase the share of connected flats from 72.4% to 85% through the development and refurbishing of the heat and natural gas distribution systems.

• In 2014 City Administration will order a new five-year lease of 53 vehicles with full maintenance coverage (estimate for the public contract is EUR 1,500,000), of which 45 are planned to be CNG powered . JP Snaga plans to purchase 6 CNG vehicles in 2014 (estimated EUR 1,000,000), and Energetika Ljubljana 10 CNG vehicles (estimated EUR 114,200). LPP plans to purchase 80 CNG vehicles by 2017 (estimate EUR 29,000,000).

• Continued development of the P&R systems, involving the use of Cohesion funds. • Final upgrading of the Regional Waste Management Centre (RCERO), Slovenia's biggest

Cohesion Fund project. Full operation is planned for September 2016. The value of the planned investment from 2010 to 2015 is EUR 155 million (Cohesion Fund, national budget, environmental charge, municipalities). RCERO will provide capacities for another 30-40 years, for almost 600,000 inhabitants in 33 municip alities (30% of the Slovenian population).

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• In 2013 we’ve started a project EOL - Energy Retrofit of Public Buildings in COL, cofinanced through the ELENA technical assistance . With a grant amounting to EUR 1,348,560 we’ll introduce a modern energy management and prepare the baselines for inv estments in EE and RES projects for public buildings. The investments to be realized within project EOL are estimated EUR 28–50 million, and will be implemented with energy contracting , as well.

• Construction of the connecting C0 sewer in Ljubljana and of phase III of the Ljubljana Central Treatment Plant will enable the connection of new users to the public sewer system, optimisation of the system and processes, efficient use of facility capacities and greater energy self-supply at the Ljubljana WWTP. Both projects (around EUR 85 million, cofinanced by EU funds), should be concluded in 2015.

1D. References List supporting documentation, adding links where possible. Further detail may be requested during the clarification phase. Documentation should not be forwarded at this stage. (max. 400 words)

• Summary of the Environmental Protection Programme 2007-2013: http://www.ljubljana.si/en/living-in-ljubljana/focus/73844/detail.html

• Sustainable Urban Infrastructure – Ljubljana – outlook to 2050:

http://www.ljubljanapametnomesto.si/_files/1220/Trajnostna_mestna_infrastruktura-Ljubljana_pogled_do_leta_2050.pdf

• Expert Guidelines for the Regulation of Public Transport in LUR : http://www.rralur.si/fileadmin/user_upload/projekti/Promet/JPP_v_LUR_KP_pog1.pdf

• Sustainable Energy Action Plan for the City of Ljubljana: http://www.ljubljana.si/si/zivljenje-v-ljubljani/okolje-prostor-bivanje/lokalni-energetski-koncept/

• Sustainable Mobility Plan: http://www.ljubljana.si/si/mol/mestna-uprava/oddelki/gospodarske-dejavnosti-promet/

• Civitas Elan: http://www.civitasljubljana.si/dokumenti/tiskovine and http://www.civitas-initiative.org/index.php?id=69

• Energy-efficient refurbishment of multi-family dwellings, example of good practice – City of Ljubljana Housing Fund: http://www.izs.si/index.php?id=642

• Energy balance of the City of Ljubljana: http://www.ljubljana.si/si/zivljenje-v-ljubljani/okolje-prostor-bivanje/stanje-okolja/ocena-emisij-zrak/

• Environmental report of Energetika Ljubljana for 2012: http://energetika.jhl.si/sites/default/files/energetika_lj_si/stran/datoteke/okoljsko-porocilo-energetika-2012_jun2013.pdf

• Environmental policy of Energetika Ljubljana for 2013: http://energetika.jhl.si/sites/default/files/energetika_lj_si/stran/datoteke/okoljska_politika_2013_2.pdf

• Stožice Sports Park – an example of sustainable and rational construction: http://www.energijadoma.si/znanje/zapis/sportni-park-stozice--primer-trajnostne-in-racionalne-

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gradnj • Lighting plan in City of Ljubljana: http://www.jrl.si/files/mestna-obcina-ljubljana.pdf

• Efficient energy use, Energetika Ljubljana: www.energetika-lj.si/ucinkovita-raba-energije

• List of solar power plants: http://pv.fe.uni-lj.si/Seseznam.aspx

• Regional Development Agency in the Ljubljana Urban Region: http://www.rralur.si/en/

• EU 2020 Going Local:

http://www.eu2020goinglocal.eu/subpage.aspx?MenuID=68731&showmenuid=68731

• CC-Waters: http://www.ccwaters.eu/

• CC- Ware: http://www.ccware.eu/

• Ljubljana Waste Water Treatment Plant: http://www.vo-ka.si/en/about-company/central-treatment-plant-ljubljana

• Vodovod – Kanalizacija public water company: http://www.vo-ka.si/en

• Snaga public company: http://www.snaga.si/en

• Energetika Ljubljana public company: http://www.energetika-lj.si/en

• Ljubljana public transport company (LPP): http://www.lpp.si/en

• Termoelektrarna Toplarna Ljubljana heat and power generator (TE-TOL): http://www.te-tol.si/en/

• TE-TOL mobile portal: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zc9786Ev0Fc and http://m.te-tol.si

• Energy Globe Award: http://www.energyglobe.info/awards/national/awdid/66754/#.Ul0C4FNkVmc

• World Summit Award: http://www.ljubljana.si/en/living-in-ljubljana/focus/70097/detail.html

• European Prize for Urban Public Space 2012: http://www.ljubljana.si/en/living-in-ljubljana/focus/77392/detail.html

• City of Ljubljana publications: http://www.ljubljana.si/en/municipality/publications/

• “Ljubljana – smart city” website: http://www.ljubljanapametnomesto.si/

• “Cevkovo mesto” website: http://www.cevko.si/

• Film about Kavalir: http://www.mgml.si/mestni-muzej-ljubljana/aktualno/novice-1288/kaj-v-ljubljani-pocne-kavalir/

• Film about “Transport on Demand” services: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTd2rB3mHMg

• Film about Ljubljana: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjZ0bQQLhCo&feature=share

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