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Anisa Draboo

Landesa

HOW LAND RIGHTS CAN STRENGTHEN AND HELP ACCOMPLISH THE POST 2015

DEVELOPMENT AGENDA:

THE CASE OF INDIA


The MDGs and the Post 2015 Process• MDGs are expiring this year – large number of targets remain unachieved.

• The Post 2015 framework- new global framework agenda being formulated.

• The Post 2015 agenda aims to

- complete the ‘unfinished tasks’ of the Millennium Development Goals.

- Recognises the need for wider stakeholder consultation.

• Open Working Group (OWG) submitted its report in July 2014 and has placed 17 goals and 169 targets before the UN Member States.

• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are being framed under three pillars of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental.


How Land Rights can Help Achieve SDGs

• Secure land rights for Women and men is central to achieving sustainable inclusive development

• Secured land rights are foundational to numerous sustainable development priorities- increased agricultural productivity, decision making ability, access to economic opportunity, standard of living, resilience to shocks, and food and nutrition security

• Secure land rights for women are particularly important and transformative with respect to advancing key development objectives including gender equality, women’s empowerment and poverty reduction


Strengthening Land Rights can Improve lives

• In Nepal, children in households with plots owned by a woman were half as likely to be severely underweight.

• In Tanzania, women who reported stronger property and inheritance rights were more likely to have higher gross earnings and greater savings.

• In Nepal, women who owned household plots were more likely to participate in more household decisions.

• In rural Ghana, when women owned a larger proportion of their household’s land, a larger share of their household’s budget was spent on food.

• In Ethiopia, when women inherited or were gifted more land, their households were less likely to be food insecure.


Growing Importance of Issue of Land Rights

• Renewed focus and discourse on land rights as key to global social and economic development.

• Increasingly seen as a key strategy for poverty alleviation, gender equality and long term social sustainability.

• Land rights allows families to better invest in their children’s future, ensure food security, experience reduction of domestic violence, and have greater decision making power.

• During conceptualising MDGs, the knowledge and practice on the critical contribution of land rights to household food security, reduction in poverty, greater access to health and education and significant improvements in gender equality were largely absent.

• Collective voice of the poor, including women, seeking secured tenure on land across large parts of the world was missing.


Land Rights appears in the Draft SDGsProposed goal 1: End Poverty in All its Forms EverywhereTarget 1.4 : By 2030 ensure that all men and women, particularly the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership, and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources……

Proposed goal 2: End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture Target 2.3: By 2030 double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and ………….employment.

Proposed goal 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and GirlsMeans of Implementation (MOI) Target 5(a): Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws.


SDGs Finalisation Process: Role of Nations

• Draft SDGs placed before the Members States (MS) for negotiation as of January 2015.

• The member states play a critical role in this process.

• Nationalizing SDGs so that local contexts, needs and aspirations are taken into account.

• MS should take their local contexts and realities into consideration before the negotiation and critically analyze the long term impact of the development goals in their respective countries.


India’s Scenario with Respect to the SDGs

• 1.2 billion people, and the third largest economy by GDP- still more than 400 million people living in poverty.

• Estimated 32.7 percent of the Indian population lives on less than US $ 1.25 per day.

• India ranks 135th out of 187 countries in the 2014 UNDP Human

Development Index and 55th out of 76 countries in the Global Hunger Index (UNDP, 2014). And India ranks 135th in gender inequality index.

• 20 million households in rural areas are landless.

• Patriarchal norms discriminate women.


Existing Land Rights Policies and Practices in line with Proposed SDGs

• Hindu Succession Amendment Act 2005

• Forest Rights Act 2006

• AP Licensed Cultivator’s Act 2010

• Land Purchase for the landless poor

• The Commons Policy

• Civil Society efforts with State Governments


Potential to Achieve Land Rights Targets Under SDGs in India

• Draft Land Reform Policy 2013

• The Homestead Bill

• Women Farmer’s Entitlement Bill 2011

• Role of Civil Society in ‘nationalizing’ and ‘indigenizing’ the SDGs

• Action by CSOs to bridge the gap.

• India already several steps forward and it would be critical for it to stand by the draft SDGs on land rights.


Join the conversation to ensure that land rights are included in the Post 2015 framework.

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landesa_global

Visit-

http://landpost2015.landesa.org


[email protected]

Thank you!

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