1

Cell Theory·All know living things are made up of cells·Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things·All cells come from pre-existing cells·Clip

2

Robert Hooke-1665

·First to see cells.·First to use the word “cells”- named for the places that monks sleep in monastery ·Built first microscope

3

Theodor Schwann1839Concluded that all animals are made up of cells

4

Matthias Schleiden

1839

Concluded that all plant cells are made up of cells

Two basic Types of Cells5

Prokaryotic CellsDO HAVE·Cell membrane·Ribosomes·DNA

DO NOT HAVE·Organelles·Nucleus

·Are all singled celled organisms.·Thought of as more ancient life forms…they came 1st!

6

Eukaryotic Cells

·Have organelles.·Singled-celled or multicellular organisms!·2 Types: Plant and Animal

7

8

Basic Cell Structure

·Cells come in many different shapes and sizes.·Like bricks in a building, cells make up all living things·Clip

9

The Cell Membrane

·The outside of ALL cells are surrounded by a membrane made of phospholipids.·Nickname: “The gatekeeper”

10

Membrane Structure

·There are proteins “stuck” in the membrane that help get things into and out of the cells. ·They also help to get messages into the cell.

11

The Membrane is a lipid bilayer.

12

How do molecules get into and out of a cell?

13

Transport through the membrane

Two types·Passive Transport·Energy input NOT required·Active Transport·Energy input required

14

Passive Transport

Protein

Moves material from High Concentration to Low concentration

15

3 types of Passive Transport ·Diffusion·Osmosis·Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion·Movement of molecules from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration·Always higher to lower!·No energy input required!

16

Osmosis:Diffusion of water through a cell membrane

17

·Types of solutions: The direction in which the water moves is determined by the type of solution. ·Remember water runs downhill!· From high concentration to low concentration.

18

3 types of Solutions19

What types of solution?

Hypertonic Or

Hypotonic?

HighConcentration

Low Concentration

Cell Membrane bilayer

Proteinchannel

Facilitated DiffusionParticles moved with the help of membrane proteins

Glucosemolecules

21

Active Transport·Energy is required.·Need ATP- the universal energy molecule.·Low to high concentration

22

Let's review Passive Transport!

http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/biology1111/animations/passive1.swf

Ways to get molecules into and out of a cell with active transport

Some molecules are too large to get through the membrane.Website

·Endocytosis·Into

·Exocytosis·Out of

23

HERE

Exocytosis And Endocytosis

21

Cell Structure

·Cells are composed of a variety of structures that help them do their jobs.

22

·Found in Plant, Fungi, and Bacteria Cells·Provides support and protection ·In plants, the cell wall is made of the carbohydrate cellulose.

23Cell Wall

Ribosomes

·Not technically an organelles.·Nickname: “protein maker”·They help put the amino acids together to make proteins.·Made of the nucleic Acid-RNA

http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/ribo.htm

The Cytoplasm

·jelly-like substance·contains all of the organelles

25

Organelles in the Cytoplasm

·Each organelle has a specific function so that the cell can do its job.·Each organelle has its own job!·Remember: ONLY EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE ORGANELLES!!!!

26

What’s an organelle?

·Organelle mean “tiny organ.”·Organelles function together to help the cell carry out all of life’s activities!!

27

Nucleus-The Control Center

·“The Brain”·Contains the DNA·DNA controls which proteins get made-and when!·Where ribosomes are made

28

·has a phospholipid bilayer around it·nuclear pores allow substances to move into and out of the nucleus·DNA NEVER leaves the nucleus

29

Nucleus (Continued)

30

Endoplasmic Reticulum

·Membrane system - function = protein synthesis and transport.·thought of as a Highway and a place of protein synthesis.

31

Two types of ER

·Smooth·No attached ribosomes·Rough·Attached ribosomes

31

Golgi Apparatus

·Nickname: “UPS”·Packages molecules and sends them to their destination.·Also checks to make sure the molecules are put together correctly, if not correct it sends them back to the ER.

Website

Let’s Review

Vacuoles· packages of material that are being stored and transported

·Plants usually have one large one·Animals generally have many small ones.

35

Lysosomes

·Nickname “Recycling Center”·Has digestive enzymes that breakdown and recycle molecules.

36

37

Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis in plants.

38

Cytoskeleton·Gives cells their shape.·Contain proteins: microtubules (shape) and microfilaments (movement). ·       

39

Mitochondria·Nickname: “Powerhouse”·Site of ATP production·ATP is the universal energy molecule·Energy is stored in the bonds of ATP.·Website

40

chloroplast

nucleolus

ribosomes

mitochondria

cell wall

Golgi apparatus

rough ER

vacuole

Plant cell

rough ER

microfilaments

nuclear pore

ribosomes

mitochondria

microtubules

Golgi apparatus

centriole

Animal cell

Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell

Clip

43

Levels of Organization·Cells make up tissues.·Tissues make up Organs.·Organs make up organ systems.

44