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C. VisvanathanS. Kumar

Asian Regional Research Programme in Energy, Environment and Climate (ARRPEEC)

Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Small and Medium Scale Industries (SMIs) in Asia :

A Study of Selected Technologies and Policy Options

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Small and Medium Scale Industrie s (SMIs) in Asia: Energy, Environm

ent and Climate Interrelations

Coordination

• AIT – Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.

National Research Institutes

• China : CESTT (Center for Environ. Sound Technology Transfer). • India : PSG (PSG College of Technology).• Philippines : ITDI (Industrial Technology Development Institute).• Sri Lanka : ISB (Industrial Services Bureau).• Vietnam : NEDCEN (Non-state Economic Development Centre).

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Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

1. Project Objective.

2. Selected industrial sub-sectors.

3. Major research findings.

4. Achievements/impacts of the project.

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Research Themes

1. Analysis of production processes, energy use and pollution in selected industrial sectors.

2. Identify energy efficient and environmentally sound technologies and processes (E3ST).

3. Review existing policies and develop scenarios for sustainable promotion of E3ST.

4. Capacity mobilization and enhancement to introduce E3ST in selected industrial sectors.

1.1. Project ObjectiveProject Objective

Promotion of activities to mitigate GHG emission and other pollution by SMIs

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2. Selected Industrial Sub-sectors 2. Selected Industrial Sub-sectors

Countries Industrial Sub-Sectors

China Textile, Foundry, Tea

India Textile, Foundry, Tea, Brick

PhilippinesDesiccated Coconut, Foundry, Brick, Ceramic

Sri LankaTea, Ceramic, Desiccated Coconut, Brick and Tile

Vietnam Tea, Textile, Brick, Ceramic

• Five industrial sub-sectors were selected across five participating countries.

Rationale for selection:• Energy intensive and/or highly polluting.• Commonality across the countries. • Economic importance in the countries.

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3. Major Research Findings3. Major Research Findings

Theme 1: Analysis of Energy use and Pollution Load

• Impacts are individually small, but collectively high

• Low energy efficiency

• Policies are not specific to SMI

• Lack of information on technologies.

Theme 2: Identification of E3ST

• Lack of awareness and information on E3ST

• Lack of technical know-how/capacity to implement E3ST

• Access to loan is not easy

• Lack of links between E3ST developer and SMI

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3. Major Research Findings (..cont)3. Major Research Findings (..cont)

Theme 3: Review, Analysis & Recommendation of Energy and Environmental Policies

• No specific energy and environmental policies for SMIs.

• Most of the environmental policies (regulations) are based on end of pipe treatment.

• There is no market based strategy.

• Role of financial institutions in promoting E3ST

- Financial intermediations.

- Financial packages.

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3. Project Outputs3. Project Outputs

• Five Sector Reports (Tea, DC, Brick, Foundry, and Textile) illustrating production processes, energy use, pollution and E3ST options : Benchmarking/References to be published: Peer Review by Sector Experts.

• One cross country Policy Report on SMI with policy options to promote E3STs.

• Various Capacity Mobilization and Strengthening programs.

• Identification of E3STs: Technology Fact Sheets (39 nos.) prepared for dissemination.

• Regular Newsletter (hardcopy & Website).

• Publications (Journal, Conference, and other articles).

• Road Map CD.

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3. Sector Report : Tea Sector3. Sector Report : Tea Sector

Highlights of the Report• Basic production processes are same across the countries, but the degree of

modernization vary.

• Energy and environmental audits conducted show low energy efficiency and use of outdated technologies (Vietnam has the lowest energy efficiency).

• GHG emission results in two ways: combustion of fossil fuels, and electricity use.

Impacts• Serves as a reference giving detailed information on tea sector.

• Participating countries learned from each other, realized their key differences (in energy use and pollution) to address them.

• E3ST suitable for tea sector were identified.

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Tea SectorTea Sector

Automated material handling systems

Direct Oil-fired Heater for Withering

and Drying of Tea

Energy Efficient Motors

Withering

Green Leaf

Roll Breaking

Screening

Fermenting

Drying

Grading/ Packaging

Rolling Shredding

CTC Cuts

(Orthodox) Rolling

(CTC)

Made Tea

Tea manufacturing process

Sector Report on Tea

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3. Sector Report : Desiccated Coconut Sector3. Sector Report : Desiccated Coconut Sector

Highlights of the Report

• Focuses on two countries : Philippines and Sri Lanka.

• Production process varies a great deal between the two countries: - Philippines use continuous mechanized mills.

- Sri Lanka use mechanized, semi-mechanized and traditional.

• Audits show drying process consumes about 66% of the total energy used.

• CO2 is emitted mainly from combustion of fuels (fossil and biomass) to produce heat.

• Mills using biomass have lower efficiency.

• Another major source of pollution is the discharge of highly organic (BOD) wastewater.

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Desiccated Coconut SectorDesiccated Coconut Sector

Dome Type Kiln for Coconut Shell Carbonizing

DC production process

Gas tube

Burner

De-husking

Paring and Splitting

De-shelling / hatcheting

Washing and Inspection

stabilizing

SIZEREDUCTION

PASTEURIZING

BLANCHING

Drying

Screening and grading

Packaging

Desiccated Coconut

Fresh coconut

(Sri Lanka)(Philippines)

SIZEREDUCTION

Screening, Grading and Packaging

Sector Report on Desiccated Coconut

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Report on PolicyReport on Policy

Highlights•A cross country comparison of national policies on economy, energy and environment: SMI- Energy and Environment.

•Most policies across the countries are focused on high energy consuming industries, and little or no consideration is given in the SMI sectors.

•Policy options are presented for promotion of E3STs in the five countries.

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3. Capacity Mobilization and Strengthening3. Capacity Mobilization and Strengthening

• In total, 13 nos. of trainings were conducted, in which 276 participants took part• The trainings covered the areas such as energy and environmental audits,

environmental management, boiler operation, effluent treatments etc.

Impacts • Personal are trained in energy and environmental auditing (all NRIs).• Awareness on environmental management is developed at managerial level

(India, Sri Lanka).• Operational level people were trained on energy efficiency and environmental

protection (Sri Lanka).• Awareness developed for political leaders (Sri Lanka).

ActivitiesA number of capacity strengthening programs were conducted; key actors involved in SMIs took part. The activities include:

• Trainings by AIT and NRIs.• Seminars in participating countries.• Workshops at AIT and NRIs.• Fellowships at AIT.

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Capacity MobilizationCapacity Mobilization

SMI Review Workshop at Coimbatore, India

Training course on Effective Energy Management, Philippines.

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3. Capacity Mobilization and Strengthening (..contd)3. Capacity Mobilization and Strengthening (..contd) Fellowships• 17 fellowships were provided (total of 26 man months) , and each fellow

studied different industrial sub-sectors and policy.

Impacts• Developed common audit methodology and reporting mechanism of

technical data.

• Researchers enhanced their technical and analytical competence, and reporting.

• Fellows from India were able to continue their work to initiate new projects.

Country No. of Fellows Man month

China 2 3

India 3 5

Philippines 4 6

Sri Lanka 6 9

Vietnam 2 3

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3. Capacity Mobilization and Strengthening (..cont) NetworkingA SMI network established links the research institutes, industrial associations, government and NGOs across the five participating countries.

AIT(Overall projectcoordination and

management)

Sri Lanka(ISB)

India(PSG)

China(CESTT)

Viet Nam(NEDCEN)

Philippines(ITDI)

EMB / DENR

BSMB / DTI

DAP

EMB, DOE

Govt.

NGO

IER

CPC

SMEC

RegionalCESST

PCC

IA

TU-ERI

ITA,UPASI

CII

CODISSIA

SITRA,SIMA

CPB/SPB

IATC

CEA

UOM

ECF

Impacts• Exchange of information on technology made possible.• Facilitated Sri Lankan participants visit to Indian industries.

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3. SMI Newsletter3. SMI Newsletter

Objective: To disseminate information about the SMI project and other relevant information on E3ST from other sources

Target groups : industrial associations, policy makers, financial institutions, government departments, NGOs, academic institutions, R & D organizations.

Total No of Issues: 13 (so far) plus a

Special Issue : Desiccated coconut

Website : http://www.serd.ait.ac.th/smi2/smi2.html

Exit Strategy: PSG (India) has now taken over the publishing task of SMI Newsletter.

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SMI NewslettersSMI Newsletters

http://www.serd.ait.ac.th/smi2/smi2.html

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3. Road Map CD3. Road Map CD Objective :

To provide a comprehensive information about outputs of the SMI project (Reports, Publications, TFSs, Success Stories, Web sites, etc.) in a most convenient format for wider dissemination.

The CD contains:• Information about the SMI project.• Sector reports (Tea, DC, Brick, Foundry and Textile).• Policy report.• Technology Fact Sheets (E3ST).• All publications (journal papers, articles).• SMI Newsletters.• Success Stories.• Web links.

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Road Map CDRoad Map CD

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4. Achievements/Impacts of the SMI Project4. Achievements/Impacts of the SMI Project Establishment of specific energy consumption and pollution loads of selected

industrial sub sectors. Data/Information on energy-environmental issues related to SMIs of the studied

sectors. Options for improvement of SMIs’ energy-environmental status: E3STs, policy

options. Increased awareness of related actors/beneficiaries about energy-environmental

issues in SMIs. Capacity of NRIs and national partners strengthened : research and technical

capacity. Capacity of SMIs strengthened : energy-environmental Audit / management skills. Networking established: cooperation and information exchange among partners in

each country and among participating countries. Developing a technology for environmentally friendly coconut shell carbonization

(Sri Lanka). Developing a low cost treatment technique for coconut waste water (Sri Lanka). Acquisition of measuring and monitoring equipment (for emission and ambient air

quality).

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4. Achievements/Impacts of the SMI Project4. Achievements/Impacts of the SMI Project Improved recognition by State, Private sector and international development

agencies (ADB funded Cleaner Production and USAID funded ESCO development projects) as a major player in energy and environmental matters.

Creation of wider business interests focused on the field on energy and environment.

SL:Participating in national steering committees on CP and CDM. SL: Entrusting the task of writing the chapter on “Environmentally Sound

Technology Transfer for Sustainable Development” for the national report for Rio+10 world summit.

NRI (Sri Lanka) is selected as a partner organization under State of Arizona (USA) Environmental Partnership Programme under USAEP.

Off-shoot project in Vietnam: improvement of withering trough in tea processing.

Offshoot of this project in India: PSG (Indian NRIs) has started a masters and PhD programme in energy engineering and its energy audit team has got Government approval to carry out energy audit and certify the SMIs.

PSG (Indian NRI) has established contacts with Centre for Environmental Education, which is collaborating with UNIDO in Tirupur and USAID project on “Reduction of GHG Potential of Knitwear Industry at Tirupur” coordinated by Ecosmart India.

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Thank You.Thank You.

Any Questions and Any Questions and Comments ……Comments ……