1 bölgesel rekabet edebilirlik operasyonel programı’nın uygulanması için kurumsal kapasitenin...

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Bölgesel Rekabet Edebilirlik Operasyonel Programı’nın Uygulanması için Kurumsal Kapasitenin Oluşturulmasına Yönelik Teknik Yardım

Technical Assistance on Institutional Building for the Implementation of RCOP in Turkey

This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey


HOW DO YOU MANAGE A PROJECT?


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What is Project Management?

Time ManagementCost ManagementHuman Resources ManagementQuality ManagementStakeholder ManagementRisk ManagementContract Management

Procurement Management Dispute management

Interface ManagementTarget management


Time Management

Is not only the accomplishment of the task on time, but managing the time for the benefit of project

Should be implemented with a methodology and tools

Uses techniques such as CPM, GANNT and PERT

Carried out concurrently with the Human Resources and Cost Management


Time Management -Critical Path Method

CPM or the Critical Path Method is a mathematics based algorithm for time management of the projects and it is one of the key elements of project management. It is a project management tool that collects all the relevant information that is necessary for the planning and supervision of a project within one plan and indicates duration and sequence of the necessary activities that should be completed and their relations with each other to accomplish the project. The Critical Path, is the longest duration path, which determines the shortest project completion period.It is currently used in various types of projects especially in investment projects, software development, engineering projects, plant management and maintenance. All the independent activity projects can make use of it.


Time Management Critical Path Method

Developed by DuPont in 1957 First used in Chemical Industry It is used for plant maintenance during that

period, but not for project management Then it is started to be used in all the complex

projects


Task 1

2 days

Task 2 Task 3

3 days 1 day

Task 4

4 days

Critical Path Method


Time Management -Advantages of the Critical Path Method

Provides a graphical view of the projectPredicts the time required to complete the projectDetermines which activities are critical to maintaining

the schedule which are notFor time management of the projectActivitiesDurationsRelationshipsLinks ResourcesShould be specified and defined accurately


Gannt Diagram

Developed by Henry Gannt It is a time and activity based diagramSchedules each activity Shows each activity clearly It is usually used as a tool of reporting instead of programmingStatic use may yield to only limited advantages It can be prepared and updated easily Since it does not indicate the relationships (If not complex) its

use can be limited Its advantages are limited in Project management. It is mainly a

supervision tool.


Time Management -Example


Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Activity and milestones are evaluated concurrently Includes activity relationshipsDependencies are shown in the report in charts connected

like a webShows the critical pathOptimist, the most probable and the pessimist paths are

shown individuallyThe expected path can be calculated and found out

Duration = (Optimist duration + 4 x The most probable duration + Pessimist duration) / 6


Rule: Each activity in the chart is indicated with an arrow. Rule : Each activity should be defined with two individual

nodes (start and finish). Rule : The following questions should be asked to understand

the relationship of the activities:Which activities must come first before adding the

necessary activity in the chart?Which activity must follow the activity which will be added

in the chart?What other activities are dependent to the activity which

will be added in the chart?

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

This project is co-financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey PERT Diagram


Source Diagrams

Shows the contribution of each source for each activity as quality and quantity

Shows necessary sources for each activityProves whether the source durations are

realistic for the realization of the projectDetermines overtime and overwork durationsProvides equilibrium between the sourcesMay help distribution and equilibrium of sourcesAvoids use of idle facilities


Advantages of Sound Time Management

Work plans can be managed in a more rationalistic way for each time period

The activities which should definitely be finished on time are determined beforehand

The realistic completion date of the project may be calculatedSource allocation can be carried out efficiently and

effectively, so that waste sources and hidden unemployment become apparent

Cost estimate will be realisticThe effects of delays to the costs can be calculatedPossibility and cost of the acceleration can be forecastedHuman and leader controlled projects replace to source

controlled projectsHuman resources management and cost management can be

carried out successfully


Basic Rules of Sound Time Management

Setting rational and realistic goals and targets Sensing the difference between the urgency and importance Determining the priorities Create time for planning Time based planning Recording the time spent Being able to say “No” Determining the biological working hours and implementing it Being able to do the right things and doing the job right To avoid delays splitting the work in performable small parts Avoiding perfectionism Designing the work place to simplify the tasks Combining the activities and design recreational activities Rewarding oneself



What is Project Management?

Time ManagementCost ManagementHuman Resources ManagementQuality ManagementStakeholder ManagementRisk ManagementContract Management

Procurement Management Dispute management

Interface ManagementTarget management


Cost ManagementDoes not mean to implement a

project on the lowest costMay be interpreted as to accomplish

the project the pre-determined cost and at the highest benefit / cost ratio

Uses the budget as an important data source and supplies input for techniques such as CPM and PERT

Should be carried out concurrently with the Human Resources, Time and Contract Management


Human Resources Management

Nothing related to herding. Can not be carried out by Shepherds.

Do not assign tasks for people, but allocates sound people for tasks

Software, hardware, working environment as well as psychology are important factors for sound HR Management

Should be carried out concurrently with Cost and Time Management.


Quality Management

Does not mean to perform a task at very high quality. It means completing a task in compliance with the pre-determined quality.

Can be certified (or not) under ISO 9000

Uses the Quality Management System as one of the most important tools.

Must include monitoring, recording, control, correction, corrective action and preventive measures.


Stakeholder Management

Coordinates the communication with the Stakeholders and the participants and ensure stakeholder participation

Initiates with Stakeholder analysis, continue with the involvement of the stakeholders in the project and ceases with stakeholder evaluation.

Not follows the stakeholders. Acts proactively

Includes Physical and IT techniques as well as sociological and psychological tools


Stakeholder Analysis

WHO?Any person, group of persons, institutions, associations

or firms that could become involved in the project, directly or indirectly, positively or negatively


Stakeholder Participationallows to formulate and/or to adjust the

projects to the social, economic and political conditions;

allows the obtaining of relevant information;

reinforces the relevance of objectives in relation with needs;

shows how stakeholders perceive reality ;reinforces the local capacitiesreinforces the civil society and the

democratic processes.


Risk Management

It does not mean to avoid risks, it is a tool to foresee the risks

Risks and Probabilities should be determined beforehand.

Risk action plans and scenarios should be prepared.

Implemented as proactive or reactive measures


Interface (Integration) Management

Perform coordination of the Project with the other ongoing projects.

Like the Stakeholder Management it is not carried out within the boundaries of but at the boundaries.

Closely related with the national, regional and local planning and is a tool of total cost management.

Data flow and cooperation is a must for implementation.


Target Management

Any successful management does not ensure that the work will necessarily hit the target.

Vitally important for the planning projects and programmes

Carried out by the Senior Project Management or the Program Management.

Efficient implementation of monitoring and target evaluation is a must

LFA is the most important management tool.


Questions and Discussions

1 bölgesel rekabet edebilirlik operasyonel programı’nın uygulanması için kurumsal kapasitenin...

Documents

project management tool

plant management

cost management slide

benefit of project

republic of turkey slide

european union

republic of turkey task

days critical path method