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Accounting & Finance for Bankers

JAIIB-MODULE-D

PRESENTATION BY S.D.BARGIR

Joint Director, IIBF

22-10-2007

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Topics

Partnership accounts Final accounts of banking companies Company accounts Balance sheet equation Accounting in a Computerized

environment

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PARTNERSHIP ACCOUNTS

IntroductionDefinitionPartnership deed

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In the absence of partnership deed/if deed is silent

Profit sharing ratio –Equal No interest on capital No interest on drawings interest@6% on loan given by partner No salary /no commission/ no remuneration Capital accounts under fluctuating capital

method

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Methods of capital accounts Fixed

Capital account-transactions relating to capital

Current account Other transactions such as Interest, profit,

goodwill, past profits/losses & adjustments

Fluctuating One account- all transactions

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GOODWILL It’s reputation, super profit earning capacity of a

firm Necessity

change in profit sharing ratio Admission, retirement, death Sale of business

Methods: Average profit Super profit capitalization of profit

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Methods of goodwillAverage profit

(AP)

Super profit

(SP)

Capitalization of profit

AP x Multiplier SP x multiplier

SP = AP less NP

NP=normal profit

(Capitalised value) less

Actual Capital

Multiplier is given Multiplier is given

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GOODWILL IMPORTANT ENTRIES

ADMISSION When goodwill is raised and written off

Debit goodwill and credit old partners capital a/c (old ratio)

Debit All partners capital a/c & credit goodwill (new ratio)

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GOODWILL IMPORTANT ENTRIES

RETIREMENT When goodwill is raised and written off

Debit goodwill and credit old partners capital a/c (old ratio)

Debit Continuing partners capital a/c & credit goodwill (new ratio)

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ADMISSIONrevaluation of assets/

liabilities, goodwill, capital adjustments, balance of reserves, past losses (if any)

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RETIREMENT

As per Act of 1932, retirement by consent, partnership deed provision, at will by giving proper notice

Revaluation of assets/ liabilities, goodwill, capital adjustments, balance of reserves, past losses

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Joint life policyPremium treated as expenses

Premium treated as asset

Premium treated as reserves

At the end of each year, premium w/o to P & L A/c

Each year difference between surrender value and Book value is w/o to P & L A/c

difference between SV and BV is w/o to Jt. Policy Reserve A/c

receipt of policy amt.

Amount received is credited to partners

receipt of policy amt.

If amount is > SV, the excess is credited to partners

receipt of policy amt.

Policy amount credited to partners

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Types of partners Active Sleeping Quasi nominal

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FINAL ACCOUNTS OF BANKING COMPANIES

Definition Requirements –Accounts & audit

Third Schedule annexed to BRA Form A- Balance sheet Form B- Profit & Loss Account Audit Submission of accounts- RBI- within 3 months Publication of accounts- within 6 months Auditor-prior approval of RBI for appt/removal

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Balance sheet-Form ACapital & Liabilities Assets

1.Capital 6.Cash & Bank Bal. RBI

2. Reserves & surplus 7.Balances with Banks & Money at call and SN

3.Deposits 8.Investments

4.Borrowings 9Advances

5 Other Liabilities & Provisions 10.Fixed Assets

11.Other Assets

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Demand deposits Credit balances in OD and CC Deposits payable at call Overdue deposits In-operative current accounts Matured time deposits Matured cash certificates Matured certificate of deposits

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Contingent liabilitiesSchedule-12 Claims against bank not acknowledged as

debts Liability for partly paid shares Liability on account of outstanding forward

exchange contracts Acceptances ,endorsement & other

obligations Other items for which bank is contingently

liable.

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PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT-FORM BIncome

Interest Earned

Other Income

Schedule.13

Schedule.14

Expenditure

Interest Expended

Operating Expenses

Provision for contingencies

Schedule.15

Schedule.16

Profit /Loss

Appropriations

Transfer to Reserves

Proposed dividendBalance carried to Balance sheet

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NOTES TO ACCOUNTS

Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule.17

Notes forming part of Accounts

Schedule.18

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Other Income Profit on exchange transactions Profit on sale of investments Profit on revaluation of investments Profit on sale of fixed assets Letting of locker (income from locker

charges ) Misc. income -Godown rent

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Ponder over these points

Govt. securities shown at book value and diff. between MV and BV is given in the notes

If some fixed assets are w/o on revaluation of assets/reduction of capital every B/S after wards should. show the revised figure for next 5 yrs. With the date & amt. revised

Other fixed assets includes vehicles, furniture and fixtures. Lockers and safe deposit vaults are included in furniture

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Ponder over these points 20% to reserve fund before declaring dividend Gold is treated as investment Silver is treated as other assets Income from performing assets is recognized

on accrual basis while in r/o non-performing assets it is on cash basis

In r/o NPA, if income is already recognized, then make provision

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ASSET CLASSIFICATION ETC Asset Classification

Performing and non performing ( remain out of order)

Income Recognition Performing-accrual basis Non performing-cash basis

Asset Classification Std-0.40% (revised from 0.25%) Sub-Std.<18 months-10% Doubtful>18 months-usl-100%-secured.3yrs-50%,>1&<3-

30%-upto 1year-20% Loss assets-100%

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SLR & NON SLR DEPOSITS

Held to maturity Available for sale Held for trading

Investment should not exceed 25% of total investment

Freedom available Freedom available

-no marked to market. Profit on sale treated as cap. Reserve

-Marked to market

-profit on sale of investment. taken to P&L a/c

Marked to market

To be sold within 90 days

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COMPANY ACCOUNTSFeatures of a Joint stock Company Incorporated association Artificial person Perpetual succession Common seal Limited liability Separation of management from ownership Transferability of shares Separate legal status Large membership

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Types of companiesOn the basis of incorporation

On the basis of ownership

On the basis of liability

Chartered company

Private company Co.limited by shares

Statutory company

Public company Co. Ltd. by guarantee

Registered company

Government company

Co. with unlimited liability

Foreign company Holding company

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SHARE CAPITAL

EQUITY PREFERENCE

CUMULATIVE REDEEMABLE PARTICIPATING

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SHARE CAPITAL AUTHORISED CAPITAL ISSUED CAPITAL SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL CALLED CAPITAL PAID UP CAPITAL

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ISSUE OF SHARE AT PAR-BANK- SHARE APPLICATION

Debited

-

-

credited

-SHARE APPLICATION -SHARE CAPITAL

Debited

--Credited

Over subscription

-share application

-share capital

-bank (refund)

-share allotment

Debited

-

-

-

-

Credited

Credited

Credited

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SHARE ALLOTMENT/SHARE CALL

Share allotment a/c

Share capital a/c

Debited

-

-

Credited

Bank a/c Share allotment a/c

Debited

-

-

Credited

Share call a/c

Share capital a/c

Debited

-

-

Credited

Bank a/c

Share call a/c

Debited

-

-

Credited

Calls in arrears a/c

Share allotment a/c

Share call a/c

Debited

-

-

-

Credited

Credited

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Issue of shares at premiumShare application/

allotment a/c

Share capital A/c

Share premium A/c

Debited

-

-

-

Credited

Credited

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Issue of shares at discountShare allotment A/c

Discount on issue of shares A/c

Share capital A/c

Debited

Debited

-

-

-

Credited

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Forfeiture of shares

Share capital A/c

Call in arrears A/c

Forfeited shares A/c

Debited

-

-

-

Credited

Credited

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Re-issue of sharesBank A/c

Forfeited shares A/c

Share capital A/c

Capital reserve A/c

Debited

Debited

-

-

-

-

Credited

Credited

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Issue of Bonus sharesCap. Red. Reserve A/c

Share premium A/c

Capital reserve A/c

Gen Reserve A/c

Profit & Loss A/c

Bonus to shareholders A/c

Debited

Debited

Debited

Debited

Debited

-

-

-

-

-

-

credited

Bonus to shareholders A/c

Equity share capital A/c

Debited -

credited

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Balance sheet equationLIABILITIES ASSETS

Capital 300.00 Fixed assets

700.00

Reserves 200.00 Current assets

300.00

Term Loans 300.00

Current Liabilities

300.00

Total 1000.00 Total 1000.00

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Balance Sheet EquationAssets = Liabilities

Assets = Liabilities (+) Capital

Liabilities = Assets (-) Capital

Capital = Assets (-) Liabilities

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BALANCE SHEET EQUATION

Assets = Liabilities

Assets = Capital + Liabilities

Assets =Net worth + Liabilities

Net worth = Capital + Reserves& Surplus

Net worth = Assets Less Liabilities

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1. The Assets of a business are Rs.500000 and its capital is Rs.115000. Its liabilities on that date would be------

a) Rs.615000

b) Rs.385000

c) Rs.500000

d) Rs. 115000

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2. A had a capital of Rs.750000. He has also purchased goods of Rs.150000 on credit from Mr. Saha. The value of total assets of the entity is-----

a) Rs.750000

b) Rs.900000

c) Rs.600000

d) Rs.1050000

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B/s Equation Examples

(1) If the net worth of the business is Rs.1100,fixed assets are Rs. 600, current assets Rs.400, investments Rs.300, current liabilities Rs. Nil, what is the amount of claim to outsiders?

Rs. 1300l Rs. 500 Rs.200* Rs. Nil

(2) Identify the wrong pair Outstanding expenses - Personal Account account* Profit and Loss Account (Dr. balance) – Application of funds Net worth less reserves & surplus - Balance in P & L

Account* Balance sheet - Financial position

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Computerized accounting Computer language: cobol, foxpro,unix …

etc Analog computers : scientific and mech.

Field Digital computers: computerized

accounting Data : fact Record : group of data Data file: data records

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EXAMPLES1. Select from the following , a statement

which speaks about liabilities of an entity. The liabilities consist of claims of the

owners The liabilities consist of claims of the

owners and outsiders The liabilities consist of claims of the

outsiders None of the above

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EXAMPLES

2. If the net worth of the business is Rs.500, fixed assets are Rs. 500, current assets Rs.300, investments Rs.300, current liabilities Rs. Nil, what is the amount of claim to outsiders?

Rs. Nil Rs. 1100 Rs.500 Rs.600

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EXAMPLES

3. Select from the following a sentence which is wrong

a. If assets increase and liabilities do not , the capital will increase

b. If assets increase and liabilities also increase by same sum , the capital will remain same

c. A reduction in the amount of assets will amount to equivalent reduction in the net worth

d. An increase in the amount of liabilities with no corresponding increase in liabilities will increase the amount of capital

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EXAMPLES

4. The firm sells goods on credit for Rs.50000, the cost of the goods sold is Rs.30000.The effect of the transaction is that, the capital of the firm-----

a. increases by Rs.50000

b. reduces by Rs.40000

c. increases by Rs. 20000

d. reduces by Rs. 20000

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EXAMPLES

5. Mr.Ghatge commenced his business on 1st April, 2006 with Capital of Rs.1,00,000. He did good business during the year and earned handsome profit. At the end of 31st March, 2007, his financial position was: Fixed Assets Rs.1, 20,000 and bank balance of Rs.33000 and Creditors Rs. 17000. What was his net profit for the year 05-06?

a. Rs. 36000

b. Rs.70000

c. Rs.53000

d. None of the above

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EXAMPLES

6. One of the pairs given below is wrong. Select the wrong pair.

a. Outstanding expenses - Nominal account

b. Profit and Loss Account (Dr. balance) – Application of funds

c. Net worth less reserves & surplus - Capital

d. Balance sheet - Financial position

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EXAMPLES

7. From the following ,find a sentence which is false in respect of partnership

a. If the partnership is following the “Fixed Capital Account Method” salary payable to a partner is credited to the partner’s current account

b. Drawings made by partners are never entered in the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.

c. In the “Fluctuating Capital Account Method” the balance in the capital account always remains the same

d. The capital account of a partner is required to be opened in both the Fixed Capital Account Method and Fluctuating Capital Account Method

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EXAMPLES

8. From the account given below, select the account which is wrongly included in Profit & Loss Appropriation Account at the debit side

a. Drawings Account

b. Partners Salary Account

c. Interest on Loan Account

d. Commission to Partners Account

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EXAMPLES

9. The average net profits expected are Rs.108000 per annum before charging remuneration of Rs. 18000 to partner . The capital employed in the business is Rs.6,00,000. The rate of return expected on capital employed of a firm is 10%. What is the value of goodwill on the basis of two years purchase of super profits.

a. Rs.108,000

b. Rs.60,000

c. Rs.78,000

d. None of the above

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EXAMPLES

10. A and B are two partners in a firm sharing profits and losses as 2:1. they admitted C as a partner with 25% share in the profits of the firm. Hence , the new profit sharing ratio , after admission of C would be -----

a. 15:15:10

b. 20:10:10

c. 3:1:1

d. None of the above

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EXAMPLES

11. Mr. Q and Mr. R were partners of a firm sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 3:2. They take S into partnership. It was agreed that S will pay Rs.1,00,000 as his share of goodwill which will be retained in business and also bring Rs.3,00,000 as capital for one fourth share in the future profits. The book value of the stock was 41,000 but was to be revalued at Rs.50,000, Accountant has passed following entries, but Mr. Q feels that one of the entry is wrong. Select the wrong entry from the following.

a. Debit cash and credit Goodwill for Rs.1,00,000b. Debit cash and credit S’s Capital for

Rs.3,00,000c. Debit Goodwill for Rs.1,00,000 and credit Q’s

Capital by Rs. 60000 & R’s Capital by Rs. 40,000

d. Debit Stock and credit Profit & Loss Adjustment A/c by Rs.9,000

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EXAMPLES

12. In the books of ABC Enterprises, a partnership firm, when Mr. C, a partner decided to resign from the firm, a revaluation of assets and liabilities was done and Revaluation account was prepared which showed the following position: At the credit side of Revaluation Account, Stock A/c Rs.25000, Premises A/c Rs.52000 and Creditors A/c Rs. 8000 were shown while at debit side of Revaluation Account, Reserve for Doubtful Debts A/c. Rs.15000, A’s Capital A/c.Rs.20000, B’s Capital A/c. Rs.20,000 and C’s Capital A/c. Rs.20000 were shown. Accountant has interpreted the Revaluation Account as follows. One of the interpretations by him is incorrect. Select the incorrect sentence.

a. Stock is revalued upwardly by Rs. 25000b. Creditors are revised upwardly by Rs.8000c. Premises are revised upwardly by Rs.52000d. A provision on debtors of Rs. 15,000 is made for doubtful

debts

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EXAMPLES

13. Read the following four journal entries which are passed to consider revaluation of assets and liabilities at the time of admission of a partner. One of the journal entries is wrong, choose the entry which is wrong.

a. For increase in the value of assets-Debit Asset Account and Credit Revaluation Account.

b. For decrease in the value of liabilities- Debit Liabilities Account and Credit Revaluation Account.

c. For Profit on revaluation of assets and liabilities – Debit Old Partners Capital Account in old profit sharing ratio and Credit Revaluation Account

d. For decrease in the value of assets -Debit Revaluation Account and Credit Asset Account

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EXAMPLES

14. In the books of ABC Enterprises, a partnership firm, when Mr. C, a partner decided to resign from the firm, a revaluation of assets and liabilities was done and Revaluation account was prepared which showed the following position: At the credit side of Revaluation Account, Stock A/c Rs.25000, Premises A/c Rs.52000 and Creditors A/c Rs. 8000 were shown while at debit side of Revaluation Account, Reserve for Doubtful Debts A/c. Rs.15000, A’s Capital A/c.Rs.20000, B’s Capital A/c. Rs.20,000 and C’s Capital A/c. Rs.20000 were shown. Accountant has interpreted the Revaluation Account as follows. One of the interpretations by him is incorrect. Select the incorrect sentence.

a. Stock is revalued upwardly by Rs. 25000b. Creditors are revised upwardly by Rs.8000c. Premises are revised upwardly by Rs.52000d. A provision on debtors of Rs. 15,000 is made for

doubtful debts

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EXAMPLES

15. Select the incorrect statement in respect of companies.

a. A member of a company can enter into contract with a company

b. It is compulsory to register a joint stock companyc. If all but one member of a private company becomes

insolvent ,it affects the existence of the organisationd. Shareholders are not liable for the acts of the company

16. Select the incorrect statementa. Authorized capital is the capital with which the company

is registeredb. Issued capital is equal to its authorized capitalc. Authorized capital, issued capital, subscribed capital,

called up capital and paid up capital cannot be same d. The amount which the company has asked its

shareholders to pay is called up capital of the company.

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EXAMPLES

17. Following are the journal during the process of application to allotment stage . One of the entries is wrong. Select the wrong entry.

a. Debit bank account and credit share application account ( when application money is received)

b. Debit share application account and credit share capital account (application transferred to share capital account)

c. Debit share capital and credit share allotment account ( for recording allotment money being fallen due )

d. Debit bank account and credit share allotment

account ( for receipt of allotment money)

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EXAMPLES

18. Select the incorrect statement in respect of calls in advance

a. The company may accept from shareholders , the uncalled amount on shares even before it is fallen due

b. The article of association must permit such acceptance of advance call money

c. Interest on calls in advance can be paid but the maximum is upto 6%

d. The amount of calls in advance is part of the paid up share capital

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EXAMPLES

19. Select the incorrect statement in respect of utilization of share premium

a. it is used for the purpose of buy back of sharesb. it used for payment of dividend in case of inadequacy of

profitsc. it is used for writing off preliminary expensesd. it is used for issue of fully paid bonus shares

20. Mr. X was issued 100 shares of Rs.10 each. He failed to pay call money of Rs. 5 per share. The shares were forfeited and re-issued to Mr. Y at Rs.9. When the entry recording the re-issue of shares was passed in all, four accounts were affected. The debit and credit effect of these four accounts is given below. One of the accounts is given wrong effect. Select that account from the following.

a. Debit bank account by Rs.900b. Debit forfeited shares by Rs.500c. Credit share capital by Rs.1000d. Credit forfeited shares by Rs.400

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EXAMPLES

21. DT Ltd. issued shares of Rs.10 each at 10 % premium, payable on application Rs.2, on allotment Rs.3 (including premium), on first call Rs.2 and on final call Rs.4. One of the shareholders, applied for 100 shares but fail to pay allotment and first call money. At this stage, the said shares were forfeited. Select the account which was wrongly credited.

a. Credit Forfeited shares Account by Rs.200b. Credit Share allotment Account by Rs.200c. Credit share premium Account by Rs.100 Credit Share first call Account by Rs.200

22. Select the source which is not valid for issue of bonus shares

a. Share premium b. Revaluation reserve created by revaluation of fixed assetsc. Capital reserve d. Capital redemption reserve

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EXAMPLES

23. The liability side of the balance sheet of ABC International Ltd. is showing following position: Paid up share capital Rs.25 Lakh ( 25,000 shares of Rs.100 each fully paid up)Share premium Rs.5 Lakh, Capital Reserve Rs. 3 Lakh, General Reserve Rs. 15 Lakh and Profit & Loss account Rs. 15 Lakh .It was decided to use minimum free reserve for issue of 1:1 bonus shares.. The accounts and the amount with which the account is debited are given below in sets. One of the set is correct. Select the same.

a. Share Premium Account (Rs.5 Lakh), Capital Reserve Account ( Rs. 1 Lakh), General Reserve Account (15 Lakh) & Profit & Loss Account by Rs. 4 Lakh

b. Share Premium Account (Rs. Nil Lakh), Capital Reserve Account ( Rs. Nil Lakh), General Reserve Account (10 Lakh) & Profit & Loss Account by Rs. 15 Lakh

c. Share Premium Account (Rs.5 Lakh), Capital Reserve Account ( Rs. 3 Lakh), General Reserve Account (15 Lakh) & Profit & Loss Account by Rs. 2 Lakh

d. Share Premium Account (Rs.5 Lakh), Capital Reserve Account ( Rs. 1 Lakh), General Reserve Account (4 Lakh) & Profit & Loss Account by Rs. 15 Lakh

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EXAMPLES

24. Select the incorrect statement in case of Share Capital and Reserves and Surplus as shown in the balance sheet.

a. Under share capital, the following order is maintained: Authorised capital, issued capital, subscribed capital

b. The called up amount per share is indicated and in the amount column total amount i.e. number of shares multiplied by amount called up per share is shown

c. The amount of unpaid calls is deducted from (b) aboved. The amount of forfeited shares account is shown under

Reserves & surplus

25. Select the incorrect statement in respect of form of balance sheet of companies(Liabilities side).

a. sinking fund is shown under unsecured loansb. Loans from banks are grouped under the head Secured Loansc. Unclaimed Dividend is grouped under the head current

liabilitiesd. Proposed dividend is grouped under provisions.

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EXAMPLES

26. Select the incorrect statement in respect of form of balance sheet of companies ( Asset side).

a. Live Stock is grouped under the head ‘current Asset’

b. Balance of unutilized monies raised by issue is grouped under the head ‘Investments’

c. Interest paid out of capital during construction is grouped under the head ‘Miscellaneous Expenditure’

d. Vehicles are grouped under the head ‘Fixed Asset’

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EXAMPLES

27. One of the accounts is wrongly debited to “Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c” of a company. Name the wrong account debited

a. Interim dividendb. Proposed dividendc. Provision for taxd. Capital redemption reserve

28. Select the false statement in respect of assetsa. a banking company is allowed to acquire assets for its own

useb. a banking company is allowed to grant loans against the

security of assets belonging to its customersc. a banking company is allowed to take possession of such

assets in case of default committed by the borrowerd. a banking company is not allowed to sale the assets against

the security of which it has granted loans

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EXAMPLES

29. THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF BANK CONSISTS OF ------- SCHEDULES

a. 18 SCHEDULESb. 16 SCHEDULESc. 17 SCHEDULESd. 12 SCHEDULES

30. INVESTMENTS, ADVANCES, FIXED ASSETS AND OTHER ASSETS ARE PART OF SCHEDULE NOS.--RESPECTIVELY

a. 6,7,8,9b. 7,8,9,10c. 8,9,10,11d. 9,10,11,12

31. LIABILITY FOR PARTIALLY PAID INVESTMENTS IN RESPECT OF BANKING COMPANIES IS GROUPED UNDER THE HEAD-----

a. INVESTMENTSb. OTHER ASSETSc. OTHER LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONSd. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

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EXAMPLES

32. One of the items is a misfit in a group namely ‘other income’ of a banking company. Select this item from the following

a. INCOME ON INVESTMENTSb. PROFIT ON SALE OF INVESTMENTSc. PROFIT ON REVALUATION OF INVESTMENTSd. PROFIT ON EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS

33. Depreciation on bank’s property is part of “Operating Expenses”. Some of the items included under this category are listed below. One of the expenses is wrongly included. Identify that item of expense.

a. depreciation on motor carsb. depreciation on stationary and stampsc. depreciation on furnitured. depreciation on non-banking assets

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EXAMPLES

34. The provisional requirement for standard asset is-----

a. 0.40%(revised) of total outstandingb. 10%(revised) of total outstandingc. 40%(revised) of total outstandingd. 100%(revised) of total outstanding

35. The investment under “held to maturity” should not exceed -----of bank’s total investment.

a. 25%b. 75%c. 5%d. None of the above

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EXAMPLES

36. Acceptances, endorsements and guarantees are shown as-----

a. other assetsb. contingent liabilitiesc. advancesd. other liabilities and provisions

37. Choose the wrong pair from the following. The information given in the pair is pertaining to banking companies

a. Reserves & surplus - Share premiumb. Time deposits - Matured time depositsc. Borrowings in India - Refinance from NABARDd. Other Liabilities & Provisions - Inter office/branch

adjustments(net

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EXAMPLES

38. The name of the accounts with the coverage of various items in building that account is given below. One of the items covered in on of the accounts is wrong. Select this account

a. Closing balance of provisions held towards NPA - Opening Balance plus provisions made during the year less write off of bad debts/write back of excess provisions

b. Interest Earned - interest on advances plus income on investments plus interest on deposit with RBI plus income earned by way of dividends from subsidiaries plus discount on bills less unexpired discount

c. Reserves & surplus - Opening balance plus additions during the year less deductions during the year

d. Term deposits - from banks and from Others39. Identify a pair which is mismatch from the following pairs in

respect of Company Accounts Miscellaneous Expenditure – Preliminary Expenses Contingent Liabilities – footnote to balance sheet Debentures – Unsecured Loans Outstanding Expenses – Current Liabilities

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EXAMPLES

40. Identify a pair which is mismatch from the following pairs in respect of Company Accounts

a. Miscellaneous Expenditure – Preliminary Expenses

b. Contingent Liabilities – footnote to balance sheet

c. Debentures – Unsecured Loansd. Outstanding Expenses – Current

Liabilities

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EXAMPLES

41. While preparing the final accounts of the company, the adjustments [(i) to (iv)] are to be made by passing necessary entries. One of the entries passed is wrong entry. Select the wrong entry.(i) Provide dividend 5% of paid up share capital (Share capital of Rs. 5,00,000 consisting of shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid) (ii) Insurance for unexpired period is Rs.2000 (iii) A provision of Rs. 25,000 is to be made for income tax (iv) a provision of Rs. 5000 is to be made for doubtful debts

a. Debit Dividend by Rs.25000 & Credit Bank by Rs.25000 b. Prepaid Insurance by Rs.2000 & Insurance by Rs.2000 c. Debit Profit & Loss Account by Rs.25,000 & Credit Provision for Tax

by Rs.25,000d. Debit Profit & Loss by Rs.5,000 & Credit Provision for doubtful

debts by Rs.5,000

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EXAMPLES

42. If the partners capital accounts are fixed, where will you record (either debit side or credit side of which account ) the following transactions (i) Salary payable to partner (ii) Fresh capital introduced by a partner (iii) Drawing made by a partner (iv) Share of profit earned by a partner. The effect to one of the journal entries is wrongly given. Identify that account from the following.

a. Debit side of partner’s current accountb. Credit side of partner’s capital accountc. Debit side of partner’s current accountd. Credit side of partner’s current account

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Example43. L,K and P are partners. The following differences as listed at (i) to

(iv) have arisen due to misunderstanding. The answer to each point is given at (a) to (d). One of the solutions is incorrect. Identify the wrong solution. (i) L used Rs.25,000 belonging to the firm and made a profit of Rs.4,000. K wants the amount to be given to the firm (ii) P used Rs.10,000 belonging to the firm and suffered a loss of Rs. 3000. He wants the firm to bear the loss (iii) L & K wishes to appoint S as new partner. P does not agree (iv) L has given loan of Rs. 50,000 to the firm, he wants interest at 6% ( there is no partnership deed)

a. K is right .L must pay Rs.29,000 to the firmb. P is right . Firm should bear profit as well as losses.c. P is right. No new partner can be admitted without the

consent of all. d. L is right. He is entitled for interest at 6% in the absence of

partnership agreement.

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Example43. A firm earns Rs.10,000 as its normal

profits. The rate of normal return being 10%. The assets of the firm amount to Rs.72,000 and liabilities to Rs.24,000. Find out the value of goodwill.

a. Rs.52,000b. Rs.1,00,000c. Rs.28,000d. Nil

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Example44. If the adjustment in the values of assets at

the time of the admission of a partner shows a profit, it should be credited to the capital accounts of-----

a. The old partners in their new profit-sharing ratio

b. All partners in their new profit sharing ratio

c. The old partners in their old profit sharing ratio

d. None of the above

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Example45. Choose the correct treatment for premium paid

on ‘Joint Life Policy’ when premium paid is treated as an expense.

a. Premium amount is debited to P & L account every year and when claim becomes due then to be shared by all partners

b. Every year amount debited to Joint Life Policy Account and balance is shown on asset side at surrender value . The difference between surrender value and premium paid is written off to Profit and Loss account

c. Joint Life Policy and Joint Life reserve Account are adjusted to bring them down to surrender value of policy.

d. None of the above.

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BEST OF LUCK

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