1. _______- a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid with a definite chemical composition...
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1. _______- a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid with a definite chemical composition
mineral
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A. “Naturally occurring”- made by ______- not man-made nature
B. “Inorganic”- is not nor has it ever been ________alive
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C. “Crystalline”- minerals are lined up in ________ patternsrepeating
D. “SOLID”
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E. “Definite chemical composition”- certain elements in definite proportions
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2. ________- a solid plane in which the atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns A. cubic B. tetragonal C. hexagonal D. orthorhombic E. triclinic F. monoclinic
crystal
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CUBICHALITE
TETRAGONALWULFENITE
HEXAGONALBERYL
ORTHORHOMBICTANZANITE
MONOCLINICGYPSUM
TRICLINICMONTEBRASITE
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3. Physical propertiesA. _____- the mineral’s general colorB. _______- the color of the powdered mineralC. _______- the way light is reflected from a mineral’s surface D. ________-how tightly packed together the molecules of a mineral are;E. ________- a mineral’s resistance to being scratchedF. ________- breaks on smooth surfaces; ________- the irregular breakage of a mineral
hardness
cleavagefracture
streak
density
color
luster
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G. Other- _____ (salt), _____ (sulfur), ___________ (iron), and _____ (jade)
taste smell
magnetism sound
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4. _____- rare and highly prized mineralsgems
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5. ______- minerals that can be 5. ______- minerals that can be mined at a profitmined at a profit
oresores
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6. ______and _______- two most 6. ______and _______- two most abundant elements in the Earth’s abundant elements in the Earth’s crustcrust
siliconsilicon oxygenoxygen
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7. rock- mixture of ________, ______________, _____________, and ________________8. Rock cycle- rocks are formed by __________, _______, ____, ________, _______, _______, __________ and ___________
mineralsvolcanic glass organic matter
other materials
weathering erosion heatpressure melting coolingcompaction cementation
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9. Major Rock types A. IGNEOUSB. SEDIMENTARYC. METAMORPHIC
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10. _____________- rocks made from molten materials
______- underground melted materials____- above the ground melted materials
Igneous rocks
magma
lava
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A.Intrusive- formed _____ Earth’s surface and eventually uplifted and
uncovered by __________ and _______; magma cools ______; _____ crystals
B. Extrusive- formed when lava cools ___________ Earth’s surface; cools ____; _____ crystals
under
weatheringerosion slowlylarge
at or abovefast small
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11. sedimentary- 75% of all rocks on the _______; the only rocks that _________ on the Earth’s surface
surfaceoriginate
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A.A.Methods of formation:Methods of formation:1) __________ (breaking down) 1) __________ (breaking down) and _______ (the moving and _______ (the moving around) of rock particlesaround) of rock particles2) __________- pressure that 2) __________- pressure that squeezes out the air and watersqueezes out the air and water3) ___________- water that is 3) ___________- water that is dissolved with minerals “glues dissolved with minerals “glues particles together and then they particles together and then they hardenshardens
weatheringerosion
compaction
cementation
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B. Classification: 1) ________- broken pieces of other
rocks and shells are cemented together; shale, sandstone, conglomerate 2)________- minerals are withdrawn
from a solution or left behind after evaporation; halite and some
limestone
clastic
chemical
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3) _______- rock formed from once living materials
_____- formed from shells of coquina ____- formed from dead plants that have been buried and pressurized
organic
chalk
coal
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11. Metamorphic rock- rocks that have changed due to ____ and ________
A. ________- contains parallel bands of mineralsB. ____________- no banding; massive in form; mineral grains grow and rearrange
heatpressure
foliated
non-foliated
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