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History of South History of South AfricaAfrica

• Prehistorical:– Earliest human ancestors: 3 million years ago– San & Khoikhoi people: nomadic & hunters,

gatherers

• Pre European civilization:– From 7th century: rise of chiefs (landlords)

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History of South History of South AfricaAfrica

• European Discovery:– 1488: Cape of Good Hope first time rounded– 1497: First voyage Europe - India Vasco da

Gama– 1652: Dutch establishment on Cape of Good

Hope by VOC– By 18th century: European settlers had fully

taken over

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History of South History of South AfricaAfrica

• 1770 – 1900: Mfecane, British settlement, Great Trek, Afrikaner Republics, Boer War

• 1910: Union of South Africa• 1922: Black oppression: Rand Revolt• 1948: Institution of Apartheid• 1950 – 1988: uprising, revolts, international

pressure• 1989 - 1994: negotiations, first democratic

elections

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Population & Population & LanguageLanguage

Population composition

(%)

Blacks 77

White 11

Mixed race 9

Asian 2.5

Other 1

Total Population ± 43 million

Spoken language (2001)

(%)

Zulu 23.8

Xhosa 17.6

Afrikaans 13.3

Sepedi 9.4

English 8.2

Setswana 8.2

Sesotho 7.9

Tsonga 4.4

Siswati 2.7

Venda 2.3

Ndebele 1.6

Other 0.5History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis –

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HealthHealth  South Africa The

NetherlandsUnited States of America

HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate (%) (2001 est.)

20.1 0.2 0.6

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS (2001 est.)

5,000,000 17,000 900,000

HIV/AIDS – deaths (2001 est.) 310,000 110 15,000

Life expectancy at birth (2003 est.)- total population:

 

46.56 years 

78.74 years 

77.14 years

Death rate (deaths/1,000 population) (2003 est.)

18.42 8.66 8.44

Infant mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births)- total population:(2003 est.)

 

60.84

 

4.26

 

6.75 

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Hofstede AnalysisHofstede Analysis

PDI – Power Distance Index

IDV – IndividualismMAS – MasculinityUAI – Uncertainty

Avoidance IndexLTO – Long Term

Orientation

Conclusions South Africa: high MAS and high IDV

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Further Social-Further Social-Cultural Cultural characteristicscharacteristics

• High Crime Rate: Jo’burg most criminal city in the world (2001)

• Very unevenly distributed incomes: – Top income quintile: 66% White, 5% Black– Lowest two income quintiles: 4% White, 60% Black

• High unemployment rate, especially under Blacks and Coloured people

• Apartheid Still noticeable in all aspects of the society

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TechnologyTechnology

• Industry: 24.1 % GDP from metals & petrochemical

• R&D: 0.69 % SA – 1.96 % NL

• Internet users: 8.0 % SA – 61 % NL

• Kg CO2 per capita: 9,000 SA – 2,500 NL

• Government: R&D Strategy 2003 start of implementation

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StatementsStatements1. The international community failed the South African people during

Apartheid in the 20th century.

History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics – Technology - Statements

2. Positive discrimination towards blacks and mixed races is good for South Africa.

4. The solution to the AIDS problem can be found in changing the populations attitude towards the virus or the solution should be found in the governments recognition.

3. Townships are areas of poverty just outside the city's center. The government should take its responsibility and remove townships because criminality and health problems are frequently present.