現代電力電子技術基礎_第1章 概述
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現代電力電子技術基礎_第1章 概述TRANSCRIPT
111.1 11.2 31.3 41.3.1 DC-AC41.3.2 AC-DC51.3.3 DC-DC51.3.4 AC-AC61.3.5 61.4 71.4.1 71.4.2 71.4.3 71.4.4 81.4.5 101.4.6 111.4.7 111.4.8 121.5 121.5.1 121.5.2 131.6 141.7 161.7.1 161.7.2 171.7.3 171.7.4 18
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1
1
Power ElectronicsPower Electronics Technology 15% 85% Modern Power Electronics High Voltage DC Transmission 1.1
12V 3.3V 1-1a
1
10
1R2 R1 R2
3.312
R1 1K
R2 0.3793K
RS
R1R2 R1 R2
0.275K
1-1b 3.3V VO 3.3 275IO IO 12 mA 100%
V2S
104mW
R1 R2 5 mA PO VO iIO 9.6mW 1.925V R1
VO
R2 5 10.07mA R1 101 mW R2 9.7mW 110.7 mW
7.9% 0-1c R1 R2 Vb RL 0-1b,
IoRsR1R1 Vs12VVo Vs12VIoR2+Vs-RLR2Vo(c)(b)(a)
1-1
R R
// R1 // R2 rbe
1-1
SL1 1
Ploss (VS VO )IO
1-2
4
13 1-2 GTRPOWE MOSFETSCR IGBT
vo
VsVot
onoffLVs+ CVo-(a)(b) 1-2
1.2
1)2)3)4)5) 6) 12KV 7)( 4-6KA) 8) 3 di dt
1.3
IsIoVoVsVc(a)dcacac Rectification Conversion ac control Inversiondc 1-3 L, R C
VC SCR DC-AC AC-DC DC-DC AC-AC
1-3
DC-ACAC-DC dc-dcac-dc
1.3.1 DC-AC
(Inverter)
vo(t)
t
Vs
s1onoffloada Vss2+ bVo(t)Vss3- c[Neutral]120120120t(a)(b) 1-4 dc-ac 1-4a
1-4b 120 120 DC-AC DC-AC UPS 50Hz 1MHz DC-AC 6
1.3.2 AC-DC
VssinwctVs sin c tLD+C+(a)Vs sin c tvo(t)Vo--t0T/2vo(t)Vs0TonoffLVo+C+t(b)Tvo(t)VoV sin t--scturn-offturn-onRectifier 1-5a(b) 1-5a
vo(t)
Vs
Vo
VssinwctVs sin ct 1-5 LC 1-5b LC AC-DC 4
1.3.3 DC-DC
DC-DC 1-1 DC-DC DC-DC DC-AC AC-DC AC AC DC 1-6
DC-DC 5
1.3.4 AC-AC
n:1+-DC-ACVsAC-DC+Vo 1-6 dc-dc
AC-AC AC-AC
VssinwctVssinwctCyclo-convweter
onoffvo(t)tTloadVsVs sin(ct)+0Vo(t)-Vs sin(ct)DC-Link CAC-DC DC-ACVo sin(ot)
VssinwctVosinwotonvo(t)loadVs sin(ct)offVst+Vo(t)0T-Vs sin(ct)DC-LinkAC-DCCDC-ACVo sin(ot)VssinwctVosinwot 1-7 AC-AC DC-Link AC-AC AC-AC 1-7 AC-AC ac-dc dc-ac AC-AC DC-Link ac-ac VAR 7
1.3.5
8
1.4
1.4.1
v i R
1-3
HB B H skineffect
1.4.2
v L diL
i I
01
tv dt
1-4
LdtIL 0
LLL 0 L
dt
diL
v L 0
dtL
1-5
dt
1.4.3
i
C dvC
v V
01
ti dt
CdtVC 0
CCC 0 c
1-6
Is 1-6
v V
01
ti dt V
0Is t
CCC 0 cCC
dt
dvC
iC 0
dtC
1-7
dt
1.4.4
1 1-8
ZsVs+-Zsa voltage sousea current souseis+s v-vs (t) is (t) ZS vt t vS t ZSiS t 1-8
1-8
it t iS
t vS t ZS
1-9
2 dc voltage source
1 24V 20A 20KHz 1% l R
IsL Vs 20KHz 1
I V
24 20 R 1.2
sRR1.2 116
I 0.01Is T f
50 10 s20000
V L di L Is
L Is
sdt
tT6
L Vs iTIs
24 50 100.0120
6000 106 H 6mH
ac voltage source vS t VS VSn sin nSt n n1
S2TS
1-10
2VSnn1S TS t VS nS n harmonic,root-mean-square
SSV V
1-11
V 2
SPS
V 2n1SnR2VS
RR1-12
ANB CYABC 2p
p 2
3 120o
neutral ,the common, Y 1-9 220V 380Vrms 50Hz 120V 220Vrms60Hz 120V 220Vrms50Hz
1.4.5
(on) iSW vSW
1-9
(off) iSW
vSW
vc bidirectional switchon-state bipolar switchoff-stateunidirectionalunipolar Silicon Controlled Rectifier : SCR vc self-triggered or self-controlled switchuncontrolled switch BJTPower Bipolar Junction Transistor SCRSilicon Controlled Rectifier: GTOGate-Turn-OFF Thyristor MOSFETMetal-Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor IGBTInsulated Gate Bipolar TransistorMOS Mos Controlled Thyristor SCRGTO MCT BJTMOSFET IGBT
1.4.6
1-10
i1i2N1N2v1v2 1-10
dvi Nidt
i 1, 2
1-13
i i vi i Ni i
dv1
v2
1-14
dtN1N2v1i1 v2i2
1-15
1-14 1-15 2
v Ni v
Z j N j
: i j
1-16
NZijjiNi
1.4.7
1
LoIoRLVoRLac Voltage SinkVoIodc Current Sinkac Current Sinkdc Voltage Sink+Vo-+Co2 3 4 dc current sink dc current souce
1-11
1-11
5 dc current sink 1-11 +-6 7 2
1.4.8
IC DSP 23 DSP CMOS ( 2 32 10 ) DSP DSP CPU FIFO DSP DSP DSP ( Matlab ) DSP DSP 10
1.5
1.5.1
di dt free-wheeling diodesteady-state condition
t0 T
vL dt 0
1-17
t0
v L di vL dt di i t T i
t 1
t0 Tv dt 0
LL0
L0t
L1-18
dtLL 0
iL t0 T iL t0
1-19
E
dE P i v
i L diL
dtLLLdt
1-20
L L 1-20
iLE i
Ldi
1 Li 2 1 Li 2 0
iL0
LL2L2L
1-21
iL 0 iL
1.5.2
dv dt steady-state condition
t0 T
iC dt 0
1-22
t0vL t0 T vL t0
1-23
E
dE P v i
v C dvc
dtC CCdt
1-24
C
1-24
vCE
v Cdv
1 Cv
2 1 Cv
2 0
vC0
cC2C2C
1-25
vC 0 vC
1.6
turning onturning off :transient phasesteady-state phase : Inrush current surge forward transfer characteristic
Tvv
vo T
viis
io is
reflective characteristic
Rvv
vs R
viio
is io
averageV 1 T v t dt
T 0
1-26
rms (root-mean-square)
1TTv2 t dt0V
peak-peak ripple
1-27
lowest undesired harmonic frequency DC-AC THDtotal harmonic distortion
I 2 I 2SS1I 2STHD
S S1
1-28
power factor cos
AC/DC PF Power Factor
P S
PF P S
P VRMS I RMS
1-29
P
S
VRMS I RMS IRMS1
P VRMS IRMS1 cos1
1-30
1 cos1 DPFdisplacement power factor DPF
DPF =1
PF P
1PVRMS IRMS1 cos1 IRMS1 cos
SVRMS IRMS
VRMS IRMS
IRMS
1-31
IRMS1
IRMS
IRMS1222IRMS1 IRMS 2 IRMS 3
IRMS1I 2RMSnn 1DF IRMS1 IRMS
1-32
IRMS1 IRMS IRMS 2 IRMS 3 2 3
PF DPF DF
1-33
crest factor
1.7
1.7.1
surge voltage protectionselenium diode MOVmetal oxide varistors MOV
1.7.2
protection against excessive current fuse
1.7.3 protection of switching device dv dt di dt snubber circuit
ILLsCUsIISCCsVTVDsVD dv dt di dt dv dt dv dt di dt
di dt 1-12 Ls Cs Rs VDs Ls
IL Cs Rs
VDs Uce
MRs
1-12
VT Ic Is Cs VDs
IL Ic
t
I I
1-34
cL 1
toff
Cs
I I
I It
1-35
sLcL
toff
Cs
U1
tI dt
ILt 2
1-36
csC 0 s
2C t
ss off
t toff VT Ucs Us
I t U L offs2C
1-37
s
Cs
I t C L offs2U
1-38
s-IL IC toff
Uce Ucs
2Cs IL
1-39
1-12 VT Ls Cs Us Ls
1.7.4
over-voltage protection
1 10A 1KHz 1uF 1
10A1KHzC1uF 1
2 300V 1KHz 300uH 2
L300uH300V1KHz
3 4
2
5 6 7 8 9 10 12V 29us 12
5A4At051015182429 us 10
11
12 R, C, D di dt
u220V
13 14 15 16 24V 10A 20KHz 1%
i5A
/3
11
17 18 3 19