1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE

3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE

4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE

Paleolithic Age:( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE

Paleolithic Age:( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE

7,000,000 BCE – 4,000,000 BCE7,000,000 BCE – 4,000,000 BCE

Ardipithecus ramidus› First bi-pedalism

known in humans, although primarily a tree dweller.

› Most recent findings in human evolution. (1993)

› Very short overall – Under 4’

4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

• Australopithecus • Bi-Pedalism fully formed• Predominately ground

dwelling.• Would look like a large

walking Ape to us.• Opposable Thumb.• Most famous example is

the “Lucy” skeleton discovered in 1975 by Dr. Donald Johanson.

“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age

“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

hunting (men) & gathering (women) small bands of 20-30 humans

hunting (men) & gathering (women) small bands of 20-30 humans

NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

Made tools

Made tools

Humans during this period found shelter in caves.

Humans during this period found shelter in caves.

Cave paintings left behind. – Chauvet Paintiings

Cave paintings left behind. – Chauvet Paintiings

Purpose??Purpose??

Homo Genus = Man

HOMO HABILIS

Known as the “Handy Man”

Created Stone Tools

Foraged and Scavenged Mostly

Homo Genus = Man

HOMO HABILIS

Known as the “Handy Man”

Created Stone Tools

Foraged and Scavenged Mostly

1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE

HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )

HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )

Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology

Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology

First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.

Hunted via Persistence Running.

First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.

Hunted via Persistence Running.

First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ) – Leads to community and co-operation at new level.

First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ) – Leads to community and co-operation at new level.

200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )

HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )

Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )

Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )

Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )

Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )

NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:

Prominent Brow Prominent Brow

First humans to bury their dead.

First humans to bury their dead.

Made clothes from animal skins.

Advanced hunting techniques

Made clothes from animal skins.

Advanced hunting techniques

Lived in caves and tents.

Interbred with Cro- Magnon Man

Lived in caves and tents.

Interbred with Cro- Magnon Man

CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiens

( “Wise, wise human” )

Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )

By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.

WHY??? WHY???

Tool C

om

paris

on

con

t….

Neanderth

als

Cro

-Magnon

“Neolithic” “New Stone” Age

“Neolithic” “New Stone” Age

10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE

Gradual shift from: Gradual shift from:

Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyle.Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyle.Hunting/Gathering agricultural production and domestication of animals.

Hunting/Gathering agricultural production and domestication of animals.

8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE

Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.

Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.

SLASH-AND-BURN Farming

Seasonal Return of Crops

Animal Husbandry

SLASH-AND-BURN Farming

Seasonal Return of Crops

Animal Husbandry

Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

Why a Neolithic Revolution?

End of an Ice Age = the end of some big game animals.

New Crops develop as ice recedes.

Newly developed crops are more fruitful even in wild than old plants.

More population = greater need for stability in food source.

Greater stability in food source = more population.

Agriculture started by spreading seeds on travel routes, then settling down.

Animal Domestication

Dogs (Wolves) – 12,000 BCE

Sheep, Goats, Pigs – 8500 BCE

Cattle – 6500 BCE Pastoralism

develops by the Bronze Age (4000 BCE)

Why do some archaeologists

believe that women were the first

farmers?

Why do some archaeologists

believe that women were the first

farmers?

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations.

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations.

More permanent, settled communities emerged.

More permanent, settled communities emerged.

Fertile Crescent

Fertile Crescent

Jericho

One of the longest inhabited places on earth.

Around 9400 BCE had a pre-pottery civilization that had 70 dwellings (apartments), 1000 people, and huge walls.

Walls show co-operation between people, used mostly for keeping out river.

Settled in modern Israel near River Jordan.

Jarmo

7,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement – Wheat

Northern Iraq in outskirts of Zagros Mts.

Found bowls, stone sickles, cutters indicating agriculture.

Consisted of about 25 houses of adobe – about 150 people lived there.

8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) 10,000-6,000 inhabitants

8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) 10,000-6,000 inhabitants

Division of labor but not necessarily social class – women and men equal.

Division of labor but not necessarily social class – women and men equal.

Engaged in trade Engaged in trade

Organized religion – Mother Earth Figures

Buried Dead inside City

Organized religion – Mother Earth Figures

Buried Dead inside City

Small military

Small military

12 cultivated crops

12 cultivated crops

An obsidian dagger

Catal Huyuk

Çatal HüyükÇatal Hüyük