NEURONS!

Bell Work 1/28/2015Select all of the biotic components of this ecosystem that you can find:

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Welcome! Itinerary

Biological Components of an ecosystem

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Today’s Learning Target:

I can form an opinion about the strengths and weaknesses of a design and defend my reasoning

NEW UNIT:

Construct an argument supported by empirical evidence that changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystemaffect population

AND…

Evaluate competing designs for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services

Δ = -+

Biological (Biotic) Components of an Ecosystem

Biotic components:the living factors or organisms of an ecosystem

Predators:An animal that hunts other animals for food

Prey: An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism

Things to keep in mind:TheJenga Analogy

Ecosystems can be very fragile. The need support, security and redundancy. When you create an imbalance, it becomes very easy to topple something that used to be very robust.

Actions have consequences.

1. Producers (Plants) –“prey” - make their own food

1. Use sun’s energy to make own food

2. Photosynthesis stores energy in organism as carbohydrate

4 Biotic Components of an Ecosystem

2. Consumers- get energy from what they Eat

1. Primary consumers -Herbivores- eat producers (plants)

2. Secondary consumers- eat herbivores. Can be:

Carnivores- meat eater

Omnivores- meat and plant eater

3. Tertiary Consumers- top predator in an ecosystem

3. Scavengers- eat and start the break-down of dead consumers

4 Biotic Components of an Ecosystem

4. Decomposers- break down remains to release nutrients back into environment

Ecosystem Complexity

Ecosystem Complexity

Ecosystem Complexity

Ecosystem Complexity

Ecosystems are much more complex than you would think.

(II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem)

F. Symbiotic Relationships- close relationship between two organism that is important for survival of one or both

1. Mutualism- both organisms benefit-shark and remora

2. Parasitism- one organism is harmed while the other benefits, does not result in immediate death of the harmed organism- dog and heartworm

3. Commensalism- one organism benefits, the other is not harmed-

Viceroy Butterfly strongly resembles toxic Monarch

(III. Population Balance)

A. Population Balance among producers and consumers is essential

for preservation of an ecosystem.

B. Carrying Capacity- the largest population of a species that an ecosystem can support over time.

C. Changes to one population will impact other populations

(III. Population Balance)

D. Limiting Factors- any biotic or abiotic resource change that restricts the number of individuals in a population

1. Climate changes

2. Competition

3.Predation

4. Living Space

5. Food sources

6. Human interference

IV. Energy Relationships within Ecosystems

A. Energy is conserved within an Ecosystem through the relationships among producers and consumers.

(IV. cont Energy Relationships within Ecosystems)

B. Trophic or Energy Pyramid- a way to visually organize species in an ecosystem that shows how much energy is used and produced by different species in the ecosystem.

(IVB. cont. Trophic or Energy Pyramid)1. Species that produce more energy than they use

at the bottom levela. Greatest number of organism present at

this bottom levelb. Producers use photosynthesis

2. At each higher level, organisms require (consume) more and more energy and produce less and less energya. Fewer total organisms at each

successive higher levelb. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

Consumers3. Species that use the most energy at the top

level a. few in numberb. Tertiary consumer

IVC. Trophic or Energy Web

1. A visual way to show how all species, both producers and consumers, in an ecosystem depend on each other.

2. Looks like a spider web

3. Different species of producers and consumers are connected to several other species they interact with by lines of the web.

4. Arrows indicate direction of energy flow and relationships among species

IV. Biodiversity

A. Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem

B Factors that influence Biodiversity

Warmer climate- closer to equator tends to increase biodiversity

Moisture added to warmth leads to most biodiversity

Tropical regions contain 2/3 of Earth’s species

Asian Carp Article

How do we obtain empirical evidence?

Since empirical evidence is obtained through experimentation, measurement and/or observation (EMO) …

you must either engage in experimentation, measurement and/or observation - - or cite reliable sources that have done the EMO for you.

How do we do these things when the populations we wish to study are not available to us?

New Seats!

7A 7B 7C 7D

2nd Period

1A Chris Onan1B Brandon Lee1C Tanner Ivey1D Destiny Witt

2A Mallory Avila2B Amber King2C Drew Gaddie2D Chanler Townsend2E Anthony Eisenbeck

3A Bre Burton3B Jakuri Thompson3C Kaitlin Bishop3D Shay Williams

4A Olivia Dorman4B Bre Scyoc4C Hannah Acton4D Shamel Mooney

5A Carey Jo Jordan5B Tyler Trent5C Zachary Sheets5D Kiah James

6A Allison Gardner6B Yohari Salema6C Sam Failauga6D Hunter Watson

New Seats!1A Tristan Baker1B Darian Scott1C Noah Gartland1D Daniel Mitchel

2A Hannah Harrod2B David Augustine2C Dani Hernandez2D Mahayla Way

3A Jackie Romo3B Tyonna Davis3C James Stovall3D Bre Tindall

4A Ben Colorado4B Rafael Vargas4C Dustyn Patton4D

5A Jason Kerr5B Christina Raisor5C Hannah Sanford5D Jayson Myers

6A Hannah Stanger 6B Sarah Hooper6C Julian Castillo6D Taytum Bailey

7A Allyson Long7B Ken Summers7C Cortney Miller7D Byron Palencia

3rd Period

New Seats!

7A Bailie Wells 7B Olivia Coffee7C Dalton Revels7D Casper

4th Period

1A Brady Crowe1B Gage Goss1C Abel Lopez1D Justin England

2A Mazzie Smith2B Nathan Pulliam2C Ezekiel Harless2D Dayna Horn

3A Alyssa Scrogham3B Stephen OKelly3C Shelby Cosper3D Ethan Woods

4A Kaelin Van4B Haleigh Muniz4C Mollie Willis4D Cameron Armstrong

5A Kiauna Hill5B Tyaus Jones5C Polly Alcantara5D Ryan Goff

6A Casey Davis6B Brandon Poe6C Lauren Heckel6D Alyssa Lemus

New Seats!

7A Casper7B Casper7C Casper7D Casper

5th Period

1A Kat Keith1B Jasmine Matlala1C Dakota Hardin1D Kaitlin Ewing

2A Hannah Combs2B William Murray2C Amy Noth2D Waverly Bosco

3A MaKenzie Cerlan3B Katherine Sigarin3C Zoey Holland3D Jose Carias

4A Katie Harris4B Noel Mack4C Paige Donovan4D Jose Hernandez

5A Hannah Woods5B Jasmine Heightchew5C Ray Ray Stoudemire5D Lalo Ramirez

6A Nathan Mays6B Nicholas Tuggle6C Noah Goodman6D Lillie Wood

New Seats!

7A Isaiah Beck7B 7C Dakota Price7D

6th Period

1A Trivi Kennedy1B Riley Merry1C Mackenzie Martin1D Louis Cervantes

2A Tia Richardson2B 2C Alexis Beach2D

3A Ashlyn Price3B Jacob Donahue3C Ashley Monroe3D Ashley McHone

4A Amber McClease4B Elizabeth Ivers4C Maya Valenzuela4D Tannar Yochum

5A Cameryn Cline5B5C Vanessa Porras5D Carson Aldridge

6A Christopher Dean6B6C Porsha Murphy6D

Exit Slip

How do you think that changes in the fish population have affected the ecosystem of the river? Give a few examples from the article.

Do you think the solution was effective? Do you have suggestions for improving the solution?

I. Parts of an Ecosystem

A. Abiotic- nonliving parts of an ecosystem-Water, sun, soil, rocks

B. Biotic – any living part of an ecosystem

(B. Continued- Biotic Factors)

1. Organism- living thing

2. Species- organisms with similar traits, who are able to reproduce among their group

1. Native Species- species present naturally

2. Introduced Species- species brought in to an ecosystem

3. Invasive species- non-native species that endangers the ecosystem by outcompeting or predation

4. Indicator species-a species whose presence, absence or general health indicates the overall balance and sustainability of an ecosystem

3. Population- all of one species living an

an ecosystem

(B. Continued- Biotic Factors)

4. Community- all the different

populations in an ecosystem

5. Ecosystem- a community of organisms

and the Abiotic factors where they live

6. Habitat- where an organism physically

lives, its home in the ecosystem

6. Niche- organism’s position within it’s community, includes habitat, status as producer or consumer, etc.

II. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem

A. Producers- make their own food

1. Use sun’s energy to make own food

2. Photosynthesis stores energy in organism as carbohydrate

(II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem)

B. Consumers- get energy from what they

Eat

1. Primary consumers-Herbivores- eat producers (plant eaters)

2. Secondary consumers- eat herbivores Carnivore- meat eater

Omnivore- meat and plant eater

3. Tertiary Consumers- top predator in

an ecosystem

(II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem)

C. Scavengers- eat and start the break-down of dead consumers

D. Decomposers- break down remains to release nutrients back into environment

(II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem)

E. Adaptations for survival-

1. Mimicry- resemble some other organism

2. Protective coloration- general color blends with surroundings

3. Camouflage- pattern of colors break up outline and blend in

(II. cont. Physical Relationships in an Ecosystem)

F. Symbiotic Relationships- close relationship between two organism that is important for survival of one or both

1. Mutualism- both organisms benefit-shark and remora

2. Parasitism- one organism is harmed while the other benefits, does not result in immediate death of the harmed organism- dog and heartworm

3. Commensalism- one organism benefits, the other is not harmed-

Viceroy Butterfly strongly resembles toxic Monarch

(III. Population Balance)

A. Population Balance among producers and consumers is essential

for preservation of an ecosystem.

B. Carrying Capacity- the largest population of a species that an ecosystem can support over time.

C. Changes to one population will impact other populations

(III. Population Balance)

D. Limiting Factors- any biotic or abiotic resource change that restricts the number of individuals in a population

1. Climate changes

2. Competition

3.Predation

4. Living Space

5. Food sources

6. Human interference

IV. Energy Relationships within Ecosystems

A. Energy is conserved within an Ecosystem through the relationships among producers and consumers.

(IV. cont Energy Relationships within Ecosystems)

B. Trophic or Energy Pyramid- a way to visually organize species in an ecosystem that shows how much energy is used and produced by different species in the ecosystem.

(IVB. cont. Trophic or Energy Pyramid)1. Species that produce more energy than they use

at the bottom levela. Greatest number of organism present at

this bottom levelb. Producers use photosynthesis

2. At each higher level, organisms require (consume) more and more energy and produce less and less energya. Fewer total organisms at each

successive higher levelb. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

Consumers3. Species that use the most energy at the top

level a. few in numberb. Tertiary consumer

IVC. Trophic or Energy Web

1. A visual way to show how all species, both producers and consumers, in an ecosystem depend on each other.

2. Looks like a spider web

3. Different species of producers and consumers are connected to several other species they interact with by lines of the web.

4. Arrows indicate direction of energy flow and relationships among species

IV. Biodiversity

A. Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem

B Factors that influence Biodiversity

Warmer climate- closer to equator tends to increase biodiversity

Moisture added to warmth leads to most biodiversity

Tropical regions contain 2/3 of Earth’s species