1-1 ece 424 design of microprocessor-based systems haibo wang ece department southern illinois...
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ECE 424 Design of Microprocessor-Based Systems
Haibo WangECE Department
Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondale, IL 62901
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Overview
Textbook:J. L. Antonakos, "An Introduction to the Intel Family of Microprocessors," Third Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999
Objectives: The course will provide knowledge to build and program microprocessor-based systems.
Microprocessor architecture Architecture of microprocessor-based systems Programming microprocessor-based systems Future trends
Grading: Two midterms, one final exam, four lab projects, and homework
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What are microprocessor-based systems?
Microprocessor-based systems are electrical systems consisting of microprocessors, memories, I/O units, and other peripherals.
MemoryOutputunits
Inputunits
Bus
Microprocessor
Controlunit
Datapath
ALU
Reg.
Microprocessors access memories and other units through buses The operations of microprocessors are controlled by instructions stored in memories
Microprocessors are the brains of the systems
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What are microprocessors?
A microprocessor is a processor (or Central Processing Unit, CPU) fabricated on a single integrated circuit.
X
Y
Controlunit
IR
PC
ALU ACC
MAR
Data bus
Control bus
Address bus
A simple microprocessor architecture
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Evolution of Computers
First generation (1939-1954) - vacuum tube
Second generation (1954-1959) - transistor
Third generation (1959-1971) - IC
Fourth generation (1971-present) - microprocessor
Http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/computer1.html
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Evolution of Computers
Http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/computer1.htmlhttp://www.cs.virginia.edu/brochure/museum.htmlhttp://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/650.html
First generation (1939-1954) - vacuum tube
IBM 650, 1954
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Evolution of Computers
Second generation (1954-1959) - transistor
Http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/computer1.htmlhttp://www.computer50.org/kgill/transistor/trans.html
Manchester University Experimental Transistor Computer
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Evolution of Computers
Third generation (1959-1971) - IC
Http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/computer1.htmlhttp://www.piercefuller.com/collect/pdp8.html
PDP-8, Digital Equipment Corporation
Thanks to the use of ICs, the DEC PDP-8 is the least expensive general purpose small computer in 1960s
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Evolution of Computers
Fourth generation (1971-present) - microprocessor
In 1971, Intel developed 4-bit 4004 chip for calculator applications.
ALU
Instructiondecoder
Reg.
Programcounter
I/ORefreshlogic
System bus
Control logic
ROM/RAM buffer Timing Reset
http://www.intel.com
A good review article: The History of The Microprocessor, Bell Labs Technical Journal, Autumn, 1997
Block diagram of Intel 4004 4004 chip layout
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Evolution of Intel Microprocessors
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10
100
1000
10000
1974 1979 1982 1985 1989 1993 1997 1999 2000
80808088
80286
80386
80486
PentiumP II
P III
P 4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1974 1979 1982 1985 1989 1993 1997 1999 2000
8080
8088
80286
80386
80486
PentiumP II P III P 4
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
1974 1979 1982 1985 1989 1993 1997 1999 2000
8080
808880286
8038680486
Pentium
P II
P IIIP 4
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
1974 1979 1982 1985 1989 1993 1997 1999 2000
8080 808880286
80386 80486
PentiumP II
P III P 4
Number of transistors Minimum transistor sizes (µm)
Clock frequencies (MHz) MIPS
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Other Commercial Microprocessors
PowerPC (IBM, Motorola)
Athlon, Dulon, Hammer (AMD)
Crusoe (Transmeta)
SPARC, UltraSPARC (Sun Microsystems)
ARM cores (Advanced RISC Machines)
MIPS cores (MIPS Technologies)
TI’s TMS DSP chips (Texas Instruments)
StarCore (Motorola, Agere)
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Applications of Microprocessor-Based Systems
Computers
Block diagram of a computer
MemoryTiming &control
Keyboard
Interruptcontrol
... ...Monitor
Micro-processor
DiskOther
peripherals
Bus
System performance is normally the most important design concern
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CPU
RAM ROM
Timer
Interrupt
I/O port
USART
A/D, D/A
OSC.
Applications of Microprocessor-Based Systems
Microcontrollers
Block diagram of a microcontroller
In general, microcontrollers are cheap and have low performance
A microcontroller is a simple computer implemented in a single VLSI chip.
Microcontrollers are widely used in industrial control, automobile and home applications
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http://www.ti.com
Applications of Microprocessor-Based Systems
ASICs
Microprocessors are embedded into ASIC chips to implement complex functions
In general, it requires that the microprocessors have low power consumption and take small silicon area
A TI baseband chip for cellular phone applications
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Class Objectives
Hardware architecture of microprocessor-based systems
Programming of microprocessor-based systems
Microprocessor architecture Memory organization I/O units of microprocessor-based systems
How to put them together
Intel 80x86 instruction set Microprocessor Interrupt services
Assembly language programming
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Topics
1. Introduction of microprocessor-based systems (Ch. 1)
2. Intel 8088 microprocessor architecture (Ch.2, 10)
3. Memory organization in microprocessor-based systems
(Ch. 11)
4. Intel 80x86 instruction set (Ch. 3, 4)
5. Assembly language programming
6. I/O systems (Ch. 12)
7. Microprocessor interrupt and interrupt services (Ch. 5)
9. Disk systems and file (Ch. 9)
10. Topics in advanced computer architecture