07damage of highway bridges due to the 2011 off the pacific coast of tohoku earthquake

7/27/2019 07Damage of Highway Bridges Due to the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake

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Damage of Highway Bridges Due to The 2011off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure ManagementRoad Department,

Bridge and Structures Division

Research Center for Disaster Risk Management,

Earthquake Disaster Prevention Division

Public Works Research InstituteCenter for Advanced Engineering Structural Assessment and Research

CAESAR


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Missions of NILIM/PWRI Bridge Reconnaissance Team

Mission 1: Technical Supports for Highway AdministratorsTohoku Regional Development Bureau,

Local Governments (Iwate Pref., Ibaraki Pref., Chiba City, Kitakami City, etc.)

Mission 2: Damage Evaluation and Verification of Design Code

Emergency Inspection Follow-up Inspection

Inspec-

tion

Temporary

Repairs

Perm

a

nen

t

Repair

s

Planning of

Temporary Repairs

Temporary

Repairs

Philosophy of

Permanent RepairsPerma-

nent

Repairs

NILIM / PWRI, CAESAR

Reconn

ais

sa

nce

(TE

C-F

OR

CE

)

Technic

al

Supports

Technical

Supports

Reconn

aiss

an

ce

(DamageMechanism)

STEP. 1

STEP. 2 STEP. 3

STEP. 4 STEP. 5

Technical

Supports


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Reconnaissance Activity for Highway Bridges

Targets (148 Bridges, as of Apr. 25, 2011)

Damage Due to Ground Motion Effect

Damage Due to Tsunami EffectDamage Due to Soil Liquefaction Effect

Reconnaissance Teams

NILIM Total of 34 PersonDay

CAESAR Total of 79 PersonDay

Reconnaissance

Area Map


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Categorization of Damage to Highway Bridges

1. Effect of Ground Motion

2. Effect of Tsunami

3. Effect of Soil Liquefaction


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Damage to RC Columns at Section of Cut-off of Longitudinal Rebars

Damage Due to Effect of Ground MotionBridges Designed Based on Pre-1980 Specifications

Shear cracks following flexural failure at section of cut-off of longitudinal rebars


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Damage to RC Pier Wall with Small Amount of Reinforcement



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Subsidence of Deck End

Resulting from Broken

Movable Bearing

Damage of Fix Bearing

Damage to Steel Bearings



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Damage ofSuperstructure-side

Attachment

Damage toAttachment of

Bearings

Damage to Pier Top


Damage to Pier Top


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Collapse of Bridge withPile-bent Columns



10/26

Slight Buckling and

Crack Observed in

Lower Chord

Member

Damage to Upper Lateral

Bracing in Langer Bridge

Damage of Steel Bridge



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Retrofitted/Unretrofitted Bridge Piers Located Close

Failure of MovableSteel Bearing

about

400m

Retrofitted

(3-span cont. + 4-span cont.

Damage to Cut-offSection of Long. Rebars

Shear Crack

Unretrofitted

(3-span cont. + 3-span cont.

No Damage to Piersand Bearings


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Damage of Lateral Displacement Stopper

(Expansion Joint Protector)

Subsidence of Backfill soil for Abutment

Damage Due to Effect of Ground MotionBridges Designed Based on Post-Kobe EQ Specifications


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Rupture of Elastomeric Rubber Bearings

Damage Due to Effect of Ground MotionBridges Designed Based on Post-Kobe EQ Specifications


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Cross-railway Bridge

Cross-river Bridge

Subsidence of Embankment for Approaching to Bridge

Damage Due to Effect of Ground Motion

Subsidence of

20 cm

Subsidence of

40 cm


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Damage Due to Effect of Tsunami

Wash Away of All Spans of Girders and Backfill soil of Abutments

Rupture ofElastomericBearings

DampersInstalled forSeismicRetrofit


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Backfill soil ofabutment wascompletely

washed away.

Displacement Stoppers and Anchor Bars

without Damage


Wash Away of All Spans of Girders and Backfill soil of Abutments


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Wash Away

of Backfill soilfor AbutmentWash Away of SteelGirder Upstream

Wash Away of

Substructure Scour ofFoundation


Wash Away of All Spans of Girders, one substructure and Backfill soil of Abutments


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Wash Away of Backfill soil


Wash Away of Some Spans of Girders and Backfill soil of Abutments

Deformation of Side

Block of Steel Bearing


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(Photo Provided from Tohoku Regional Development Bureau, MLIT)


Wash Away of Some Spans of Girders

Upside-downConcrete Girder


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Backfill soil of abutments was

washed away due to tsunami

attack but bridge structure wasnot washed away.


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Temporary Repairby Barry Bridge

Before Earthquake

Scour of PileFoundation


Backfill soil of abutments was

washed away due to tsunami

attack but bridge structure wasnot washed away.

(Photo Provided from Tohoku

Regional Development Bureau, MLIT)

(Photo Provided from TohokuRegional Development Bureau, MLIT)


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Bridge girders were affected by

tsunami attack but bridge

structure was not washed away.


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Damage Due to Effect of Soil Liquefaction

Subsidence of Soil

NarrowingDeck-end Gap

Resulting fromMovement of

Abutment

Subsidence of Soil


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Failure of Embankment

near Bridge

Subsidence of Backfill soil

of Abutment (50-80cm)

Crack at Seat

on Abutment

Damage Due to Effect of Soil Liquefaction


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Preliminary Summary of Damage to Highway Bridges

1. Damage Due to Effect of Ground Motion

Unretrofitted Bridges Designed Based on Pre-1980 Specifications

Damage to RC Columns at Section of Cut-off of Longitudinal Rebars

Damage to RC Pier Wall with Small Amount of Reinforcement

Damage to Steel Bearings

Damage to Attachment of Bearings

Collapse of Pile-bent Column

Bridges Designed Based on Post-Kobe Earthquake SpecificationsAlmost No Damage except an Example of Rupture of Elastomeric Bearings

Embankment for Approaching to Bridge

Subsidence of Backfill soil of Abutment

2. Damage Due to Effect of Tsunami

Wash Away of SuperstructuresWash Away of Backfill soil of Abutment

Scour of Foundation

3. Damage Due to Effect of Soil Liquefaction

Damage to Steel Bearings and Crack to Parapet Wall

Narrowing Deck-end Gap Resulting from Movement of AbutmentSubsidence of Backfill soil for Abutment


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Acknowledgment

Damage investigation was supported by a number oforganizations. Special appreciation is extended to Iwate Pref.,

Ibaraki Pref., Chiba City, Kitakami City, Tohoku Regional

Development Bureau, Kanto Regional Development Bureau

and Headquarter of MLIT.

07damage of highway bridges due to the 2011 off the pacific coast of tohoku earthquake

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