0603 reducing water for improving the livelihoods & ecosystems: experiences from mid-godavari...
DESCRIPTION
Presenter: Biksham Gujja Audience: International Workshop on Rice and Water: Exploring Options for Food Security and Sustainable Environments IRRI, Las Banos Subject Country: IndiaTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Reducing water for improving the livelihoods & ecosystems:
Experiences from Mid-Godavari basin
[annotated presentation, focusing on SRI]
International Workshop on Rice and Water: Exploring Options for Food Security and Sustainable Environments
6-8 March 2006, IRRI, Las Banos, Philippines
Dr. Biksham GujjaPolicy Advisor,
Global Freshwater Programme,[email protected]@cgiar.org
![Page 2: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WWF's MISSION IS TO STOP THE DEGRADATION OF THE PLANET'S NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND TO BUILD A FUTURE IN WHICH HUMANS LIVE IN HARMONY WITH NATURE, BY:
• Conserving the world's biological diversity
• Ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable
• Promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption
![Page 3: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Water is Becoming a Global Issue
‘Too much, too little or too dirty’
• 1.3 billion without safe water supply• 2 billion without sanitation• 800 million malnourished• Thousands killed by floods
![Page 4: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DIALOGUE ON WATER, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/dialogue/godavari/
![Page 5: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why this Dialogue?
• To provide elements of answers to the question: How can the poor get enough food without further damaging the environment?
• To bridge the gap between the agricultural and the environmental communities to make common cause for Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and for natural ecosystems.
![Page 6: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Food security and Water crisis: Options
There are better, cheaper and faster way to help farmers to grow more rice while
reducing the water use.
The System of Rice intensification (SRI) is proving itself to be one of the ways to achieve this.
![Page 7: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Exploring options
• Restoring traditional water systems
• Reducing water demand of thirsty crops: sugarcane, cotton and rice
• Reducing conflicts by establishing dialogues
• To avoid major water infrastructure investments
![Page 8: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SRI: An option to reduce water demand!
• Rice consumes more than 85% of the water allocated for irrigation in Asia.
• How can we reduce this?? It could have a large impact on environmental conservation.
![Page 9: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The WWF-ANGRAU Collaboration – Focus Districts for Evaluation of SRI
![Page 10: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Farmers’ Evaluation – Some Details
• Evaluation done in farmers’ fields• 11 districts across agroecosystem types• 212 farmers participating• > 0.4 hectares plots for comparison
• Methods set for comparison trials:• Conventional and SRI• Same variety (farmers’ choice)• Same nutrient inputs (farmers’ choice)
![Page 11: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1. Less water requirement – about 25% less
2. Less seed – 80-90% less
3. Lesser chemical inputs
4. Soil health improvement through biological activity
5. Reduced duration (by 10 days)
6. Higher yields – of both grain and straw
7. Less chaffy grain %
7. Higher head rice recovery
8. Withstand cyclonic gales
9. Cold tolerance
10. Drought tolerance
Claims of benefits from SRI: Claims of benefits from SRI: Experience from WWF’s evaluationExperience from WWF’s evaluation
![Page 12: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Four main components
• Soil fertility management: FYM application • Planting methods changed:
- Transplanting young seedlings (8 to 12 days old) along with seed and soil clump- Transplanting at wider spacing (25 X 25 cm)
• Weed control: regular weeding, preferably with mechanical weeder that aerates the soil
• Water (irrigation) management: keep soil wet without flooding
![Page 13: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Land preparation
![Page 14: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Marking for wide and regular spacing
![Page 15: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Scooping out 10-day-old seedlings
![Page 16: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Carrying seedlings in a tray
![Page 17: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Single seedling removed with seed and soil clump for transplanting
![Page 18: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Transplanting single seedlings
![Page 19: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Protective irrigation and weeder
![Page 20: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Weeding in interspaces
![Page 21: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Non-SRI & SRI plant roots
![Page 22: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Intermittent wetting and drying
![Page 23: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tillering and panicle setting
![Page 24: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SRI plant ready for harvest
![Page 25: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
SRI Technology usesSRI Technology uses
Less external inputs
• Less seed (2 kg/ac)
• Fewer plants per unit area (25 x 25 cm)
• Less chemical fertilizer
• More organic manures
• Less pesticides
• Less water
Swarna under SRI
![Page 26: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
WWF-ANGRAU: Issues studied
• Quantification of water reduction
• Productivity enhancement
• Root growth, rhizosphere changes, soil
ecology, and soil fertility (in cooperation with ICRISAT)
![Page 27: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Soil types of farmers’ fields
Soil Type % of FarmersBlack cotton 23.1Sandy loam 17.1Red 36.8Sandy 14.2Alluvial 1.4Alkaline 1.9Saline 7.5
![Page 28: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Adoption of young seedlings
Districts
Perc
en
tag
e
![Page 29: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Adoption of appropriate weeding practices
Districts
Perc
en
tag
e
![Page 30: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Adoption of organic matter application
Districts
Perc
en
tag
e
![Page 31: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
SRI - Water savings
Farmer Percent1 32.22 35.03 13.4
Average 24.5
Note: Initial water used in land prep, etc. is not considered
![Page 32: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SRI vs. Conventional Rice Yields in Andhra Pradesh (Rabi 2004)
Yield (Kg/Ha)
Yie
ld (
Kg
/Ha)
![Page 33: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mean Yields for SRI and Conventional Rice Compared by District
Convention SRIAdilabad 13 4623 5121 10.8Anantapur 14 6990 7887 12.8Chittoor 16 5588 7015 25.5East Godavari 19 7351 8610 17.1Karimnagar 20 5680 6757 19Mahboobnagar 15 4778 5981 25.2Medak 20 6194 7805 26Nalgonda 17 5706 7118 24.7Rangareddy 15 5521 8233 49.1Warangal 22 4244 4877 14.9West Godavari 13 8408 9476 12.7
Mean 184 5862 7113 21.3SE 290.2
DISTRICT No. of FarmersYIELD (Kg/ha)
% Increase
![Page 34: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Results (highlights)
Overall
Of the 26 soil variables or determinants (13 parameters x 2 observations), the data value for fifteen were higher for SRI than non-SRI plots (and significantly higher for 8 parameters by 7 to 25%). For the other 11 variables, data were similar for both treatments. All 18 fields, except one, for which data were available, had higher yield in the SRI plots (by 12 to 55%), but the differences were not significant statistically given sample size.
Caution for interpreting results• Inputs (particularly compost and fertilizers) varied across treatments in a field and across fields (or farmers), this would have affected the data.
• Increase in OC% in SRI plots was unexpected and may be due to substantially more roots with SRI; some may have got into the analysis and thus be a methodology artifact.
![Page 35: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Constraints
• Psychology and attitude of farmers and professionals• Social acceptance not yet widespread • Lack of support systems • Water management can be difficult:
- Maintenance of thin film of water only
- Accuracy in land leveling not high yet
- Uncertainty of power supply
- Canal irrigation in some cases makes individual
water regimes difficult
![Page 36: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Constraints (cont’d.)
• Weed management
- Laborious
- Mechanical seeders difficult to operate
(need better design)
- Supplementary manual weeding is required• Compost (organic manure)
- Often ready sources are not available.
- Modern methods like inorganic fertilizers have changed the scenario
• Transplanting
- Large area more difficult
- Regular training for women labourers needed
![Page 37: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Project outputs of WWF-ANGRAU collaboration
• Scientific reports – district-wise and consolidated report
• Compendium of SRI farmers – able to serve as resource persons for other farmers
• Training manual• Film
![Page 38: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Publications
![Page 39: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Media Events
![Page 40: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Lessons
• SRI type of methods have great potential to reduce water demand and increase yields
• If appropriate support systems are created, farmers can adopt it well
• Further research is required to standardise methods and fill the gaps
• High expectations created with SRI are one of the reasons some farmers are not continuing with it
• Quantification of water reduction has to be done much more systematic and in large fields
![Page 41: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Conclusions..
• SRI type of farm-based methods have great potential, but there are constraints and certain obstacles.
• Farmers and politicians are ready for this change• Scientific community has still to conduct systematic
research• International communities committed to MDGs need
to invest a lot in these methods• Farmers need training, assistance, and designing or
redesigning of the tools and fields for best result• This opens great opportunities to work together
![Page 42: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Three challenges..
• Establish a global target of reducing water demand for rice cultivation by 20%, while increasing the production for farmers and consumers.
• Develop a combination of agronomic, infrastructural, economic and institutional measures to ensure the large-scale adoption of these methods.
• Initiate an international process that integrates different institutional agendas to the common goal of growing more rice with less water.
![Page 43: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Date 03-03-06
![Page 44: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: 0603 Reducing Water for Improving the Livelihoods & Ecosystems: Experiences from Mid-Godavari Basin](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062514/559237751a28ab3f158b46f6/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Thank You
• www.panda.org/freshwater