05_icam-in_viet nam_dr. nguyễn chu hồi

8/3/2019 05_ICAM-in_Viet Nam_Dr. Nguyn Chu Hi

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Assc. Dr. Nguyen Chu Hoi

Deputy Administrator ofVASI

Strategy on Integrated Coastal Managementin Viet Nam

Vietnam Administration of Seas and Islands (VASI)


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Vietnam is a coastal country:A maritime countryMaritime Index = 0,01

(every 100 sq.km of land per 1km of coastline)A long coastCoastline: over 3260 km (except

islands coastline)


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A lot of islands: Some 2773 inshore islands and two offshorearchipelago


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Some 30 mill. personsin 125 coastal districts

of 28 coastal provinces,

Population in 2009:

Some 50% of major cities is incoastal areas with 40% totalpopulation.


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Rich in biodiversity- Some 20 types of coastal and near-shore ecosystems

- In Vietnam seas there are about 11.000 species arerecorded, among 2.038 species of marine fish.- Fish reserve is about 5,0 million tons

Coastal waters provide 80% of thecountrys total fishery catch, which

contributes to about US$4,5 billion worth of

GDP exports in 2010

Therefore, the Vietnams coasts play very

important role in the countrys development

strategy, as well as in management policy

system of the Government


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Other Potentials

Oil & gas: 3-4 billions oil. Yearlyexploited draw oil production has beenincreasing 30%.

Heavy mineral deposits are distributed

along the coasts.Salt field are of 60.000 ha in area,among 60% in Quang Ngai-BinhThuan

Sands, crystal sands and other

construction materials

Coastal tourism potential is high with125 large beaches, among 26 beachesat international level.

5 world heritages are in or near coastalzone and many other sites with highconcervation potentials

60% of coastline are estuaries, some20 bays and 12 lagoons...they areideal locations for port and other

economic sector development.


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Threats

Loss of biodiversity

Degradation of marineecosystems, coastal habitatdestructionLand-based impacts


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Coastal disasters and oil spills

- Coastal erosion, marinepollution and red tide

- Viet Nam is one of 05countries in the world will bemost strongly impacted fromclimate change


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Key Fisheries Trend in Viet Nam

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

199

0

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1

199

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199

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199

4

199

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199

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199

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0

200

1

Year

Grossoutpu

t('000tons)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

CPU

Gross output

M arine captureAquaculture

Catch Per Unit of Effo rt (CPUE) - tons/HP /year Source: Ministry of Fisheries, 2002

Local communitypoverty (157 coastal

communes)


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Overfishing and overcapacityof coastal aquaculture

Multi-use of coastalresources

Traditionally sectoral policies and management


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Multiple Use Issues and Addressing Conflicts

To solve benefit conflicts incontext of such multi-useand sectoral management,

require effectivemanagement of theecosystems and involvecontributions of allstakeholders to coastal issue

in a coordinated way


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Coastal policy and institutional issues

In the past time, coastal and marineareas in Viet Nam have beenmanaged by 15 ministries/sectors ina sectoral manner which has

caused overlap and fragment.Lack of a national agency in cross-sectoral coordination for coasts andseas and islands.

Lack of inter-sectoral policies incoastal management


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Integrated Coatal Management (Activities)

Economic

Development

Fisheries

ManagementWatershedManagement

Land-based

impacts

AquacultureManagement

SolidWateManagement

Port

Management

Marine Protected

Area

Management

Vessel Traffic Management

Sustainable

Tourism

Oil & Gas

Leasing &

DevelopmentHabitatRestoration


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What have been done and on-going?

Before 1995, the ICM initiatives have not yet beenformulated at the both central and local level

After 1995, the ICM initiatives have been formulated at thecentral level and implemented at local level as pilotprojects supported by government and internationalorganizations


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ICM projects

National project on studying development of ICM plan to maintainecological safety and environmental protection (1996-2000)

Vietnam-Netherlands project on integrated coastal zone management

(ICZM) for 2000-2005Vietnam-The US of America project on building capacity on ICM for VietNam in Tonkin gulf, supported by the US (NOAA) and IUCN (2003-2012)

Vietnam-WorldFish Center project on facilitating ICM for Viet Nam (2005-2006) focused on development of training manual on ICM for coastalprovincial level of Viet Nam

Vietnam-PEMSEA project on marine pollution and integrated coastalmanagement: regional pilot site in Danang city with 02 phases (2001-

2008).Viet Nam - WB/ADB in poverty reduction for coastal communities (insome case studies in Central) (2003-05).

National program on ICM in 14 provinces in central VietNam toward year2015 and vision 2020 (from Thanhhoa downto Binhthuan province).


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Other efforts related to ICM

Agenda 21 for Vietnam (in 2004): Directions of sustainable

development in Viet Nam.

National program on marine science and technology inyears 2006-2010, and 2011-2020.

National plan on comprehensive surveys on marineenvironment and resources in years 2006-2010, vision2020.

A national system of 16 marine protected areas (MPAs)toward year 2020 approved in 2010.

The national system of marine environmental monitoring(established in 1995)

The national project on socio-economic surveys in coastalareas and islands (2006-2010).


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Policy responsesSome of the main signedinternational treaties are:International convention for the

protection of pollution by oilfrom ships in 1997 (MARPOL),International convention onprotection of wetlands in 1971(RAMSAR), Internationalconvention on the control of

trans-boundary movements ofhazardous wastes and theirdisposal, 1989 (BASEL), UnitedNations convention on the Lawof the seas, 1982 (UNCLOS).

Foreign donors have brought asignificant change in thinkingand behaviour in the nationaladministration with an emphasison broader vision, integratedaction, and stronger ownership


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National policies

The Order No. 36 CT/TW of Gov.on Strengthening EnvironmentalProtection in the Period ofIndustrialization and Modernization(1998)

Law of Criminal Affairs (1999),

including 10 environmentalconvicts

Law of Environmental Protection(1993, 2004), Law of Fisheries

(2003), Law of Biodiversity (2009),Code of Navigation (1990, 2005)Ordinance of Tourism (2006),


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National policies

Governmental Decree No.25/2009/ND-CP on Integrated MarineResources Management and Environmental Protection dated 6 March

2009 (in force in May 2009) is first integrated governance policy in thefield of coast, sea and island management in Viet Nam. The policy offerssome items guide ICM implementation in Viet Nam and coastal functionzoning and coastal use planning

Law of Seas and Law of Marine Resources and Environment are in

process of preparation which will be legal documents focusing on ICMand marine spatial planning and management. Law of ICM in discussion.


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Institutional responses to ICM

Cenral levelVASI

Bureau for sea usemanagement

Centers of ICMand planning

Local level(28 coastal provinces

and stakeholders,community)

Relevant sectors


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- Lack of an institutional arrangementfor ICM at different levels- Lack of national system on ICMpolicy and laws and low enforcement- Collaborative mechanism of inter-

agencies/sectors and stakeholders inICM development and implementationis very limited- Incorporation of ICM into national andprovincial socio-economic plans is

weak and lack of special technicalguidelines- Incorporation of the climate changeand sea level rise impacts into the ICMis still not yet done.

Major challenges/obtacles inICM implementation in vietnam


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Challenges &

obtacles

-Lack of human resources andcapacity in ICM development andimplementation

- Lack of sustainable financingmechanism for ICM plans at bothcentral and local level- The awareness and participation

of local community in ICM cycle isunclear- The academic training andeducation program on ICM are

limited- The skill of the staff fromagencies responsible to ICM atboth central and local level is stillvery weak.


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Move forwards

VISIONSustainable development of the Vietnamcoasts have to be based on ICM effectivelyimplementation to maintain the essentially

natural function and connectivity of thecoastal systems and marine ecosystems foradaptively economic development, for localcommunity livelihood improvement andcoastal hazard mitigation.

PRIORITY ISSUES

Management and reasonable use of coastalareas / natural resourcesManagement, prevention and mitigation ofcoastal pollution and environmental hazardsManagement, mitigation and adaptation ofcoastal natural hazards, including climate

change and SLRConservation, protection of coastalbiodiversity and natureMitigation of benefit conflicts in multi-useImprovement of local community livelihood


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- ICM should be applied in 28

coastal provinces- ICM plan should be developedin 22 coastal provinces- ICM plan should be approvedand implemented in 20 coastal

provinces- ICM activities should beinstitutionalised- Human resources and capacity

in ICM development andimplementation should beupgraded

Main objectives(2020)


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Priority activities

To establish institutional arrangement for ICM at central and locallevels: ICM Steering Committee, ICM Office and ICM Technical

Team with ICM partners networking (domestic and internationalNGOs, academic, university, private sector, donors,)

To implement the national program No_158 on ICM in 14 coastalprovinces in central VietnamTo implement Vietnam-PEMSEA program on ICM scaling up for 7

key coastal provinces (2011-2015): Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, NamDinh, Khanh Hoa, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Soc Trang and Kien Giang.To develop a national system of policies and laws to facilitate forICM, including Law of Seas, Law of Marine Resources andEnvironment, and maybe Law of ICM and of MPAs (?).To upgrade the capacity of national system of ICM, including

VASI, coastal provinces and line agencies.To develop technical guidelines on ICM so that support the ICMapplication at localitiesTo develop a training and education program on ICM in somerelated universities and learning centers (?)


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Activity priorities (2)

To develop a mechanism of sustainable financing for ICMTo develop and implement a strategy and action plan for ICM

To apply a coastal spatial use zoning and planning

To develop a guidelines on incorporating climate change andSLR impacts into ICM strategy and plan

To conduct international cooperation in sharing andexchanging lessons learnt, experiences and good practices

To implement a national plan on marine pollutionmanagement from land-based source

To implement a MPA planTo develop and apply a set of ICM indicators to measureimplementation progress of ICM plan


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Major solutions for stratery implementation

Inter-sectoral/ inter-agency collaborationIntegration of ICM into socio-economic developmentplans

Integration of ICM into coastal plan to respond to climate

change and sea level riseScience-technology: coastal database, state of coasts,coastal function zoning plan, MSP,

International cooperation: (WB, IUCN, NOAA, WB, GTZ,

MFF, BCR,)To organise administrative plan for the strategyimplementation (MONRE/VASI, local PPC,)


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Thank you very much !

05_icam-in_viet nam_dr. nguyễn chu hồi

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