03 cartilage and bone connective tissue
DESCRIPTION
Slideshow from class about cartilage & bone and bony landmarks.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bones support and protect vital organs of the body and is dynamic (constantly changing)
![Page 3: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bones provide anchoring attachments for the skeletal muscles. These muscles then move the bones to allow body movement.
![Page 4: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Osteology is the study of bones.
![Page 5: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Orthopedics deals with traumatic musculoskeletal injuries (not just broken bones). The name comes from its history—it was established as a means of correcting deformities in children.
![Page 6: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sesamoid bone
![Page 8: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sesamoid bones
![Page 9: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Patella is a sesamoid bone that develops over time
![Page 10: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Locations where cartilage is found
![Page 11: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cartilage helps support structures in the respiratory tract.
![Page 13: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cartilage provides a gliding surface at articulations (joints) were two bones meet.
![Page 14: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cartilage can serve as model for later bone development.
![Page 15: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hyaline cartilage contributes to the structures of the respiratory tract, fetal skeleton, growth plates, and joints.
![Page 17: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Close-up view of fibrocartilage
![Page 18: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Elastic cartilage
![Page 19: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS CORRECT ABOUT CARTILAGE?
A IS USED TO MAKE FINGERNAILS
B IS FOUND IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY
C IS FOUND IN THE MEDIASTINUM
D IS FOUND IN THE DORSAL BODY CAVITY
E ALL OF THE ABOVE
![Page 20: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Each bone is an organ because it contains numerous types of tissue, including vascular, nervous, connective, muscular, cartilage, and osseous.
![Page 21: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Bones allow movement by acting as levers
![Page 22: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis) occurs within the active (red) marrow of the adult sternum, vertebrae, pelvis (ossa coxae), and proximal ends of bones of thigh and upper arm.
![Page 23: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Hematopoiesis in an adult occurs in the red marrow of the skull, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis (ossa coxae), and proximal epiphyses of the thigh bones and upper arm bones.
![Page 25: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
I am not a big fan of sternal bone marrow biopsies.
![Page 28: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Posterior portion of the ilium is better
![Page 29: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Method of bone marrow biopsy utilizing the posterior pelvis (ossa coxae)
![Page 30: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Bones are mineral storage deposits for calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and sodium salts. Withdrawals and deposits are constant.
![Page 33: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• 90-95% of your calcium and phosphorous stored in bones, as well as magnesium and sodium salts
• Minerals give bone its strength
• Minerals are needed for blood clotting, muscle contraction, ATP synthesis, etc.
![Page 34: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Yellow marrow is inactive and is found in the central shaft. Red marrow is active and is found in the spongy bone at the proximal ends of long bones of arm and thigh, etc.
![Page 35: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Osso bucco anyone?
![Page 36: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Bones vary in shape and size
![Page 37: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Shapes of Bones
![Page 38: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The central shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis
The ends of a long bone are called the epiphyses
![Page 39: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Each epiphysis is covered with smooth, slippery hyaline cartilage. Note nutrient
foramen that allows passage of blood vessels to keep bone alive.
![Page 41: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Pulling stress on the periosteum causes and increase in bone width.
![Page 44: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The epiphyseal growth plate allows long bones to increase in length.
![Page 45: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hyaline cartilage
![Page 46: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Human growth hormone, produced by the anterior portion of the pituitary, stimulates the mitotic activity of the epiphyseal growth plate.
![Page 47: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Fracture through epiphyseal growth plate. This can lead to premature ossification
![Page 48: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Eventually the epiphyseal growth plate ossifies and is replaced with an epiphyseal line
![Page 49: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Osteoblasts secrete osteoid, which later becomes bone
![Page 50: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Osteoclasts break down bone
![Page 51: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Osteoclast in action breaking down bone
osteocytes
![Page 52: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Structurally unstable bones of the skull.
Read about Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans) in the clinical view in the text.
![Page 53: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Ilizarov apparatus
![Page 54: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS FALSE ABOUT LONG BONES?
A THEY ARE FOUND IN THE CRURAL REGION
B THE DIAPHYSIS IS SURROUNDED BY THE EPIPHYSES
C THEY MAY BE ELONGATED WITH AN ILLIZAROV DEVICE
D THEY ARE DERIVED FROM A CARTILAGE MODEL
E THEY ARE INVOLVED IN HEMOPOIESIS IN INFANTS, BUT NOT IN ADULTS
![Page 55: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Cross-section through long bone showing medullary cavity
Bone consists of organic components (cells, collagen fibers, and ground substance) and inorganic components (calcium compounds, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, sulfate, and fluoride).
![Page 56: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Bone can be organized as either spongy (cancellous) bone or as compact (dense) bone.
Compact bone
Spongy bone
![Page 57: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The spongy bone found between the layers of compact bone in the skull is called diploë
![Page 58: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
If only the outer compact bone is broken, the inner layer of compact bone will still protect the brain.
![Page 59: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Intramembranous ossification (shown in gold) leads to formation of flat bones of skull, zygomatic (cheek) bone, maxilla (upper jaw), mandible (lower jaw), collar bone (clavicle), and sesamoid bones.
![Page 60: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Most bones develop by endochondral ossification (red areas). The gray areas show bones developing by intramembranous ossification.
![Page 61: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
x
Start of endochondral ossification
![Page 62: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Continuation of endochondral ossification
![Page 63: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
A growing child
![Page 64: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
A growing adolescent
![Page 65: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
An adult
![Page 66: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Finger bones of a juvenile bat
![Page 67: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Finger bones of an adult bat
![Page 68: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Read about forensic anthropology in the clinical view in your text
![Page 69: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Read about achondroplastic dwarfism in the clinical view in your text.
![Page 70: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Pulling stress on the periosteum stimulates osteoblasts which causes bones to increase in width.
![Page 71: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Remains of victims of Pompeii after overlying ash is removed
![Page 72: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
How could anthropologists distinguish Roman soldiers basedsolely on their arm bones?
![Page 73: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Osteoclasts dissolve bone tissue adjacent to the medullary cavity so this cavity maintains an appropriate size for the increase in bone growth
![Page 74: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Dental braces can cause remodeling of the surrounding bone by increasing the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
![Page 75: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Traction (Ilizarov method is shown) can also stimulate osteoblasts to fill in gaps in long bones.
![Page 77: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Blood vessels bring oxygen and nutrients to the metabolically-active bone cells. Nerves also enter the bone and can signal injuries to the bone.
![Page 78: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Hormones produced by several glands can directly, or indirectly, influence bone growth.
![Page 79: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Vitamin A stimulates osteoblasts, Vitamin C is needed to synthesize collagen, and Vitamin D aides in the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.
![Page 80: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Read about rickets in the clinical view in your text.
![Page 81: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Paralyzed persons, such as Christopher Reeve, suffer loss of bone mass and weakened bones because of lack of pulling stress on the periosteum.
![Page 82: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Astronauts suffer loss of bone mass and weakened bones because lack of pulling stress on the periosteum.
![Page 83: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
NASA just sent up a $5 million treadmill named the COLBERT (after the comedian Stephen Colbert)
![Page 84: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
![Page 85: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Bears show very little bone loss during hibernation—if we could figure out how they do that it could really help astronauts and also bedridden patients.
![Page 87: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Read about how bone scans can reveal the health of bones in the clinical view in your text.
![Page 88: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
A fracture is a cracking of the bone. This is a view of a broken bone as viewed in an X-ray image.
![Page 89: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
The discoverer of X-rays.
![Page 90: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
X-rays are used by radiologists to diagnose bone fractures and many other problems inside the body.
![Page 91: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
![Page 92: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Most bone fractures are the result of traumatic injury
![Page 94: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Closed fracture of the tibia after fall on trampoline
![Page 95: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Open fracture of the femur. Open fractures of the femur, or even closed fractures of the femur, can be associated with life-threatening blood loss.
![Page 96: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
![Page 97: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
![Page 98: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Greenstick fractures are almost exclusively limited to children since their bones are not completely ossified.
![Page 99: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Greenstick fracture of the fibula. Note also the epiphyseal growth plates.
![Page 100: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Depressed skull fracture
![Page 101: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Displaced fracture of the head of the humerus
![Page 102: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Nondisplaced spiral fracture of the tibia. Note also the epiphyseal growth plates. This child jumped off the kitchen counter while spinning and then planted her foot on the linoleum floor.
![Page 103: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Fractures heal best when the bones are returned to proper anatomical position and then immobilized in place.
![Page 104: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Immobilization may involve plates and screws in addition to a cast.
![Page 105: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
• If you have a cast, be sure it matches your style!
![Page 106: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Sequence of events in healing following a bone fracture
![Page 107: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Distinctive bone markings or surface features
![Page 108: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Surface features of bone
![Page 109: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Surface features of bone
![Page 110: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Crest
![Page 111: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
![Page 112: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Process
![Page 113: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Spine
![Page 115: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Trochanter
![Page 116: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
![Page 117: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Surface features of bone
![Page 118: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Aging causes bones to become more brittle and they tend to demineralize resulting in insufficient ossification (osteopenia). Aging causes all persons to become slightly osteopenic.
![Page 119: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Read about osteoporosis in the clinical view in your text
![Page 120: 03 Cartilage And Bone Connective Tissue](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54680f8daf795950298b522e/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)