02-the live part of cell

8/3/2019 02-The Live Part of Cell

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2nd meeting


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INDICATOR

The students can identify manyorganelles from the picture ofplant cell

The students can mention thefunction of plant cell organelles


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The basic unit of organismTerm cellule was first used by Robert

Hooke in 1665Cellule is the name of the cavities

surrounded by walls that he saw incork

Still later the protoplasm, thesubstance within the cell, wasdiscovered


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In 1831 Robert Brown discoveredthe nucleus in an epidermal cell

of an orchid plantIn 1846 Hugo von Mohl

distinguished between the

protoplasm and the cell sapIn 1862 Kolliker introduced the

term cytoplasm


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The cytoplasm comprises part of theprotopast

A viscous substance which more or lesstransparent in visible light

Chemically structure is very complex Cytoplasm streaming can frequently be

seen with microscope in living cell

Various minute structures werediscovered within cytoplasm Cytoplasm is delimited from the cell wall

by unit membrane termed the plasmalemma, and from vacuole by tonoplast


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Unit

membraneconsist ofbimolecular

lipid layercovered oneach site witha layer ofrotein

Inner layer

Outer layer


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Protein integral

Proteinekstrinsik

hidrofilik

hidrofobikfosfolipid


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1. NUCLEUS (INTI SEL)2. ENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUM3. GOLGI APPARATUS4. MITOCHONDRIA5. PLASTIDS6. RIBOSOM

7. MIKROBODI/PEROXISOMES8. SPHEROSOM9. MICROTUBULES

1


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Usually more or less sphericalSurrounded by an envelope (nuclear

envelope) and contain the nuclearmatrix (nucleoplasm), one or morenucleoli

The nuclear envelope consist of twounit membranes

Nuclear envelope has pores


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In the nucleoplasm chromosomeconsisting DNA and protein which has

affinity is called chromatinNucleus has a role in cell

reproduction

The nucleoli are very dense, granular,and fibrillar in structure, are notbound by membrane

They contain RNA, DNA and protein


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Consist of 2 unit membranesenclosing a narrow space betweenthem

The shape of cisternae, tubules, orvesicle

In a special form the ER occurs in

cytoplasmic strands, calledplasmodesmataWhen ribosomes adhere to surface

of ER it is termed granular or rough

ER


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The association with ribosomes isinterpreted as evidence that the

rough ER is involved in proteinsynthesis

It has been suggested that the ERserves as in intracellular transportsystem

Play role in formation of cell wall andsecretion

Become big for protein stored oranother roduct


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Consist of a system ofstack circularcisternae thatboundary with

smooth unitmembrane

Each stack is termedGolgi body ordictyosome

Golgi bodies areconcern withsecretion processes

The Golgi bodiesmainly involved in thesecretion of sugar,


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Organelles which can be seenwith the light microscope whenliving cells are stained withJanus green B

There are various forms:spherical, elongated, lobed

The diameter about 0,5 m andup to 6 m in length

Surrounded by 2 unitmembranes and the inner

membrane forms cristae intothe matrix

The function for energysupplying through respiration

There are many DNA, RNA, andribosomes

Mitochondria termed semi


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Organelles characteristic of plant celland have no homologues in the animal

cellVary in forms, size and pigmentationTe principal types are: chloroplast,

chromoplast and leucoplastChloroplast are green as a result of thepigment chlorophyll

Chromoplast are usually yellow,

orange or red because of the


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Leucoplast are non pigmented plastid, usuallylocated in tissues not exposed to light, andthey store plant product such as starch,

protein and fat All type of plastids are derived fromproplastids which are present in meristematiccells

They are bound by envelope consisting of 2unit membranes

The inner membrane system embedded in aproteinaceous matrix or stroma that contain

fibrils of DNA and ribosomes


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grana

frets

thyakoid


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Small particles that occur free in thecytoplasm, on the out side of the ERmembranes, in the nucleus, chloroplast, and

mitochondriaThey consist of RNA and proteins Ribosomes united into clusters are involved in

protein synthesis


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Small bodies, 0,5 1,5 m in diameter Bound by a single membrane and their matrix

appear granular or fibrillar

Contain enzymes In leaves of higher plants, associated with

chloroplast, microbodies called peroxisomes They are sites for oxidation of glycolic acids, a

product of CO2 fixation They occur during the germination of seed which

store fats as a reserve and contain enzymesnecessary for the breakdown of fatty acids to acetylcoA and synthesis of succinate from acetyl coA, arecalled glyoxysomes


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Spherosomes arespherical lipid

bodies Spherosomes are

surrounded by amembrane

Spherosomesoriginated as oil-containing vesiclesdetached from theER


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Microtubules arestraight,

elongated, hollowstructurecomposed ofglobular protein

subunitsTheir average

diameter is 23 27 nm

Occur in the

02-the live part of cell

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