02 - exploring comm models & properties

8/15/2019 02 - Exploring Comm Models & Properties

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Exploring Communication

Part 2 Models & Properties


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Defining Models

What is a model?

?


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Modeling Communication

A model is simply an abstractrepresentation

Used for: 1 - Explanation

2 - Prediction

3 - Control


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Benefits of Models

Models allow scholars to:

Describe the overall process of comm

Explore a particular aspect of comm in detail

Illustrate a concept or theoretical framework

More effectively represent relationships


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Limitations of Models

Can lack the big picture

Often context specific - may need to be

reacessed outside ofthe originalcontext

May require supplemental info to

understand


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General Models of

Communication

Well examine 3 general models:


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Linear Model of Communication

Many early perspectives were linear. Commdescribed as:

One Way - from senderto receiver

Something you do to someone

Sender Receiver Message

Channel


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Transactional Model of

Communication

Simultaneous Exchange Message/Feedback integrated intoCommunication

Mutual Influence integrated into Communication

Environment added - both positive and negative impact

CommunicationCommunicator Communicator

Environment


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Specific Models of Communication[ You dont need to write this ]

As we review these models keep the following in mind:

Each of the following models illustrates specific aspects ofcomm, but may not describe the whole process

Ch. 3 Comm & the Diffusion of Information by Barnettdiscusses each model

You dont need to copy the diagramsposted on UBlearns in a separate power point, included in lectureoutline, and can be found in Ch. 2 & 3

Exam Qs will cover the concepts associated w/ eachmodel, not the diagram


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Lasswells Model (1948)

One of the earliest models of comm. simple ,organizational model

Lacks several elements

WhoWho??

SaysSays whatwhat??

In whichIn which channelchannel??

ToTo whomwhom? and? and

With whatWith what effecteffect??


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Shannon-Weaver Model (1949)

Message

Describes mediated comm comm via device

Distinction b/w message & signal

Introduces physical noise & its impact

Linear

Message Signal Received Source

Noise

SourceTransmitter Receiver Destination

Signal

Received


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Gerbners Model (1956)Person 1 M

EE1

EContent

SForm

SE1

Event as perceived

Channels,

Media

,Control

Reflection, Context, Availability

Perceptual Dimension

Means

&

ControlDimension

Statement about event SE

(Message)

Person 2 M2

Statement as perceived

Event

Mes

sage

Destina

tion

Me

ssag

eSourc

e


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Gerbners Model

Two noteworthy foci:

2. Role of ______________ in comm. 2 instances of

______________ :

______________(SE) describing ______________ (E)

based on ______________ (M) ______________ of it (E1)

______________ understanding of ______________

based on their ______________ (SE1) of ______________


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Gerbners Model

1. Influence of ______________ . Besides

______________ , message ______________

influenced by:

____________________________available & the particular

one ______________ .

The specific ______________ of that ______________

The ______________ using that ______________


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Berlos SMCR Model (1960)

Explores how each ______________ in 4 basic comm______________ (source, message, channel, & receiver) canaffect ______________

Elements Structure

Treatment

Content Code

Seeing

Hearing

Touching

Smelling

Tasting

Comm. Skills

Attitude

Knowledge

Soc. System

Culture

Comm. Skills

Attitude

Knowledge

Soc. System

Culture

Source Message Channel Receiver

S M C R


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Berlos SMCR Model

______________ & somewhat______________ , but a serviceable:

3 important concepts:

______________ Each element isrepresented as a :


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Berlos SMCR Model

______________ differences in

______________ & ______________ (e.g.

____________________________ ) can

inhibit comm

______________, not directly ______________

Human comm as______________ via______________ & ______________ of

messages by ______________


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Westley-MacLean Model (1957)

x11

A BC

x2

x2

x1

x1

x1

x3

x3

x3

x4

fCA

fBA

fBC

x4

A = a reporter(observer)

C = represents aneditor (gatekeeper)

B = represents the

public (audience)

f = feedback

xi = information

x1 = message

x11 = modifiedmessage


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Westley-MacLean Model

Examines ______________

Describes how ______________ can be

______________ by ______________

agents before reaching their______________

Introduced the concept of a

______________


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______________an ______________ w/control over ______________ . Affectsmessage by ______________ and/or

______________


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Editor is a ______________ modifies reporters______________ before it ______________

______________ gatekeeping ______________process

______________ gatekeeping influence of editors______________

x11

A BC

x2

x2

x1

x1

x1

x3

x3

x3

x4

fCA

fBA

fBC

x4

A = reporter

(observer)

C = editor

(gatekeeper)

B = the public

(audience)


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Gatekeepers exist in any commcontext where :

Examples of gatekeepers:

Personal ______________(______________ gatekeeper)

Leaving a message w/ a friends______________ (______________gatekeeper)

Each of us


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Convergence Model (1981)

Communication is a process in which participantsCommunication is a process in which participants______________

information with one another in order to reachinformation with one another in order to reach______________..


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Convergence Model

Focuses on:

______________ nature of comm

Emphasizes comm as a ______________

______________ tendency to move towards a______________ (shared ______________ ,

______________ , ______________ , etc.)

Review Barnetts discussion of the convergence model in Ch. 3


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Convergence Model

Comm viewed as a ______________ process ofassigning ______________ to info ______________

between ______________ , who, ______________ ,progress towards ______________ .

Adopts a ______________ perspective


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Properties of Communication

Collectively, our definitions &models suggest several

properties of communication


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Communication is a______________

Involves :

Elements are ______________

Comm interactions are influenced by

______________ and affect ______________


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Communication is______________

Difficult to ______________ into______________ , ______________elements/acts


Relies on ______________ to

______________ ______________ as distinct from

______________ & ______________ to somedegree


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Cant ______________ a message.______________ or ______________ is not thesame.

Ex:


Elements of comm are ______________ .

______________ influence ______________


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______________ & ______________

Communication______________

______________, ______________ ,______________


Encompasses a :


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Properties of Human

Communication

We can further specify 3properties of communicationinvolving humans

Human comm involves both______________&

______________processes

Consider ______________


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Properties of Human

Communication Messages in human comm have

______________

Ex. in ______________ comm:

______________ dimensionwhat a message

______________

______________ dimensionwhat a message

______________ about the ______________

between ______________


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02 - exploring comm models & properties

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