013 changes in construction projects

CHANGES IN

CONSTRUCTI

ON PROJECTS

CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Managerial

TechnologicalSocial


1•The re-work problem is

often caused by poor project change management.

2•During construction

projects, many decisions have to be made under uncertain conditions.


3•Designers, engineers and other

professionals have to make assumptions based on existing available information and their experience.

4•If any assumption is proven

wrong, some decisions have to be revised.

•changes are often inevitable.


5 •The key-how to avoid or reduce the negative impact of changes.

6•The need for effective

change management is essential for productivity improvement.


It can be caused by either internal or external

Factors (ARE THEY AVOIDABLE?). Different changes may have different effects or consequences.

A change refers to an alteration or a modification to pre-existing

conditions, assumptions or requirements.


Plan preventive impacts & coordinate changes across

the entire project.

Identify changes that have already occurred.

The objective of change management is to forecast possible changes.

TYPES OF CHANGE

A gradual change, also known as incremental change, happens slowly over a

prolonged period and its intensity is low.

A change that occurs can be a “gradual change” or a “radical

change”.

CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS• A radical change is sudden, dramatic

and has a marked effect.• Gradual Changes often occur during

the design development stage, where many decisions are fine Tuned and refined progressively.

CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS• Radical changes occur during construction phases.• Project changes can also be classified as

“anticipated changes” and “emergent changes”.

• Anticipated changes are planned in advance and occur as intended.

• On the other hand, emergent changes arise spontaneously and are not originally anticipated or intended.

CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS• Another way to view project change is

through its necessity.• In this way, project changes can be

classified as “elective changes” and “required changes”.

• An elective change is where one may choose whether or not to implement; and a required change is where there is no option but to make the change.

CAUSES OF CHANGE

CHANGES

External causes:■ Economic issues■ Environmental issues■ Technological issues■ Regulatory issues

CHANGES

Internal causes:■ Organisational level• Organisational culture• Ineffective decision-making■ Project level• Design Improvements

CHANGES • Inadequate skills and knowledge

amongst the team• Inclement weather• Late change of client brief• Designer change of mind• Design errors• Inadequate knowledge of the site

conditions

CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS• Revised design parameters• Minor field-originated changes• Contract disputes• Ambiguity in project goal, scope, and

resources

CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSDirect effects■ Addition of work■ Deletion of work■ Demolition of work already done■ Rework■ Specification change■ Time lost in stopping and

CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSrestarting current tasks in order to make

thevariation■ Revisions to project reports and

documents■ Reorganise schedule and work

methods to make up lost timeIndirect effects■ Need for communicating change to all

project members

CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS■ Dispute and blaming amongst project

partners■ Loss of productivity due to

reprogramming; loss of rhythm, unbalanced gangs and acceleration

CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS■ Change in cash flow, financial

costs, loss of earnings■ Increased risk of co-ordination

failures and errors■ Lower morale of work force■ Loss of float, therefore increased

sensitivity to further delays

Changes inConstruction

Projects

OmissionAdditionErrors

DesignchangeBad

weather

site conditionsUncertainty

Lack of propersite investigation

Changesmade by the

client

Resources

Scope

Goals

Remove any Ambiguity

RESOURCESSCOPEGOALS

REMOVE ANY AMBIGUITY

LeadershipCo-ordinationcommunication

Team work MORE LEADERSHIP AND TEAM,WORK LESSCHANGES TO THE ORIGINAL PLANS

013 changes in construction projects

Education