0123(&&4( ),%)% )3)# 62-%)3#7#68%(.'(#9%3'7): · faciais que inferi as emoções...

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Na educação, poucos trabalhos abordando reconhecimento de expressões faciais foram encontrados. Um dos trabalhos relacionados foi proposto por Changjun et al (2011). Eles fizeram um sistema de reconhecimento de expressões faciais em tempo real utilizando um classificador de máquina de vetores de suporte (Support Vector Machines - SVM), com o objetivo de estimar o estado afetivo dos alunos que utilizam um sistema de Ensino a Distância (EaD) baseado em computação afetiva. Um rastreador de faces reúne um conjunto de características de deslocamentos de movimento da face no sistema de EaD. Estas características são posteriormente utilizadas para treinar um classificador SVM para aprender a reconhecer expressões emocionais. Em seguida, o estado emocional é avaliado e compreendido.

Changjun et al (2011) fizeram treinamentos do algoritmo SVM com 100 imagens faciais de 15 alunos. Estas foram selecionadas aleatoriamente a partir do banco de dados, incluindo seis emoções básicas e neutras como um conjunto de treinamento. Depois utilizou 265 imagens faciais de 42 pessoas, como conjunto de teste. O modelo de sistema de EaD, proposto por Changjun et al (2011), com base em computação afetiva atingiu uma taxa de reconhecimento total de 84,55%.

No trabalho proposto, apresenta-se um sistema de reconhecimento de expressões faciais que inferi as emoções alegria, tristeza, raiva, e desgosto. Para isso, utilizou o sistema psicológico de codificação facial FACS, o qual rastreia todos os movimentos musculares faciais nas suas respectivas Unidades de Ações (UAs) [Ekman et al., 2002]. Foram aplicadas regras que verificam a deformação geométrica da boca, olhos e sobrancelhas para reconhecer as UAs presentes nas expressões faciais das emoções inferidas. Para a detecção da face e rastreamentos dos pontos característicos da face foram utilizados a técnica Viola-Jones [Viola; Jones, 2004] e o modelo CANDIDE-3 [Ahlberg, 2001].!

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Figura 2. Arquitetura do sistema de reconhecimento de expressão facial.

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Figura 3. Execução do rastreamento das características faciais.

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Figura 4. FCPs utilizados para o mapeamento das UAs.

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Tabela 1. Deslocamentos das deformações geométricas nas expressões faciais.

!

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Tabela 2. Critério de Reconhecimento dos UAs@!

469

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Tabela 3. Associação das seis expressões faciais com seus UAs e combinações. Adaptado de Yongmian e Qiang (2005).

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! 7(! 2$(2$(! *5"#4! *$&25(! $4! 2$415! "$#%9! 5A($"3#=-5! LK! #%0=5(! -5! )0"(5! -$!4$-&)&=#!-#!.=&3$"(&-#-$!N(2#-0#%!-5!^&5!g"#=-$!-5!T5"2$!P.N^TR6!Y#-#! &=-&3X-05!(&40%#"#4!JK!$45+,$(!Pc!$45+,$(!-$!2"&(2$'#9!c!$45+,$(!-$!#%$:"&#9!c!$45+,$(!-$!"#&3#!$!c!$45+,$(!-$!-$(:5(25R9!252#%&'#=-5!JKK!$45+,$(!"$#%&'#-#(!15"!$(($(!&=-&3X-05(6!/!#<0&(&+;5! -$! &4#:$=(! *5&! "$#%&'#-#! (5A"$! 3#"&#+,$(! -$! %0'$(! $! #%:0=(! &=-&3X-05(!15((0X#4!A#"A#(9!A&:5-$!50!0(#3#4!B)0%5(!$!)@#1U0(6!7(!&=-&3X-05(!$"#4!-$!#4A5(!5(!($?5(! Pf!@54$=(!$!d!40%@$"$(R!)54! &-#-$(!=#! *#&?#!-$!JL!#!dc!#=5(6!T$(2$(! 2$(2$(9!5!"#(2"$#4$=25! -#(! )#"#)2$"X(2&)#(! *#)&#&(! *5&! *$&2#! -$! 45-5! #0254#2&'#-59! 02&%&'#=-5! #!2U)=&)#(!-$!D&5%#VW5=$(!$!5!45-$%5!Y/TZ[ZN!1#"#!-$2$)2#"!5(!15=25(!)#"#)2$"X(2&)5(!*#)&#&(!PIYE(R6!

! Z$15&(!-$!"#(2"$#"!$(($(!IYE(9!*5"#4!)#%)0%#-5(!5(!-$(%5)#4$=25(!:$54U2"&)5(!-#(! $45+,$(! Pb#A$%#! LR6! N4! ($:0&-#! *5&! 02&%&'#-5! 5!4U25-5! A#($#-5! $4! "$:"#(! 1#"#!

471

! !

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

! Tabela 4. Resultado da precisão das emoções!

!

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

! R%-:('(#,%!%)!'")=2&(,%)!,%!)/)&"-(!:'%:%)&%!$%-!%)!'")=2&(,%)!(:'")"#&(,%)!:%'!RD(#3K=#!!"#$%!58LMM9;!B="!:'%:=)"'(-!=-!)/)&"-(!,"!'"$%#D"$/-"#&%!,"!"-%01")!7()"(,%! #%! (23%'/&-%! O[`! :('(! =-! +[+;! ")&"! a2&/-%! <%/! &")&(,%! "-! MLL! /-(3"#)!

472

!!

"#$%#%&! '(!)*! +,-#&!,%('.&/'&0! ,'!12! #3-.4&5! #6%.7%.,4!-(#! 6#8#!,'! 9'$4.:'$%('.64!646#3!;!,'!<=522>[email protected]#.64!4!&%&6'(#!B94B4&645!C#&'#,4!'(!9'79#&5!"4%!6'&6#,4!'(!)DD!%(#7'.&!"#$%#%&!'(!E*!+69F&!,%('.&/'&0!,'!1D!%.,%GH,-4&5!#6%.7%.,4!-(!9'$4.:'$%('.64!646#3!,'!<252>?!

Tabela 5. Matriz de confusão resultante dos testes do Sistema proposto.

!

! I49!"%(5!'&6J!&'.,4!9'#3%K#,4!-(!'&6-,4!,'!$#&4!,4!&%&6'(#!,'!9'$4.:'$%('.64!,'!'8B9'&&/'&!"#$%#%&!%.6'79#,4!#4!LML!$4(4!"49(#!,'!G#3%,#9!#!'"%$J$%#!,4&!9'&-36#,4&!#B9'&'.6#,4&! .'&6'! 69#C#3:4?! @&&'! '&6-,4! ,'! $#&4! '&6J! %.6'79#,4! #4! B94N'64! %.6%6-3#,4!

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`%.'$65! B'9(%6%.,4! A-'! #B'.#&! -(#! ,-."/$! $4.G'.$%4.#3! &'N#! -6%3%K#,#5!,%(%.-%.,4!4&!$-&64&!B#9#!4&!#3-.4&!,'!-(!LML?!!U4! "-6-945! $4(! C#&'! .#&!$#9#$6'9H&6%$#&!"#$%#%&!'.$4.69#,#&5!4-694&!(;64,4&!,'!$3#&&%"%$#ST4!,'!'(4ST4!B4,'9T4!&'9! -&#,4&?!a#(C;(! &'9T4! '&6-,#,4&! 4-694&!(^,-34&! ,'! 9'$4.:'$%('.64!,'! '(4S/'&5!6#%&!$4(4b!9'$-9&4&!,'!J-,%4!'!7'&64&?!!

! !

473

! !

!"#"$%&'()*+"#$%&'()! *+! ,"-./.012! 11! 34! 56738&7! 63'39&8&':;&7! <3=&+! >&6?'8!-?+! @:AB1/CD1>1E2EF)!.&68+!?<!0$&=8':=3$!04(:4&&':4()!@:4GH6:4(!I4:J&'K:8L)!CM&7&4)!ENNO+!

"P5:4?! *'+)! Q$:4:?! A+! Q&'K?43K! "$54?K! &! Q36R:K! 7?! .?=&48&! 4?! "8&47:9&48?! 73!.:J&'K:737&! 7&! Q&'<:K+! /4S! CTC/! ENOE! 1! U///! C:96VK:?! T'3K:$&:'?! 7&! C:K8&93K! 7&!/4<?'93WX?)! ENOE)! CX?! Q35$?+! "43:K! 7?! U///! C:96VK:?! T'3K:$&:'?! 7&! C:K8&93K! 7&!/4<?'93WX?!YCTC/!ENOEZ+!Q?'8?!"$&('&S!C?=:&737&!T'3K:$&:'3!7&!,?96583WX?!1!CT,)!ENOE+!J+!NO+!6+![F[1[[\+!

!,#34(]54)!^+_!C#&4)!Q+_!,#&4)!`+!>&K&3'=#!?4!3$(?':8#9!?<!K838&!'&=?(4:8:?4!?<!K857&48K!%3K&7!?4!<3=:3$!&a6'&KK:?4+!0$&=8'?4:=!347!b&=#34:=3$!04(:4&&':4(!347!/4<?'938:?4!A&=#4?$?(L! Y0b0/AZ)! /48&'438:?43$! ,?4<&'&4=&! ?4)! J?$+E)! 4?+)! 66+FEF1F2N)! OE1Oc!"5(+!ENOO+!

.?'43:G3)!d+_!"#$%&'()!*+!d3K8!347!'&$:3%$&!3=8:J&!366&3'34=&!9?7&$!K&3'=#!<?'!21.!<3=&!8'3=G:4(+!/000!A'34K+!CLK8+)!b34)!,L%&'4+!T)!,L%&'4)!J?$+!2c)!4?+!c)!66+!O\2\1O\e2)!"5(+!ENNc+!

0G934)! Q+_! d':&K&4)! f+U+_! B3(&'(5:7&+!>&K&3'=#!-&a5K!7:J:K:?4!?<!-&8M?'G!/4<?'938:?4!>&K&3'=#!,?'6?'38:?4)!C3$8!@3G&!,:8L)!0K837?K!I4:7?K)!ENNE+!

d?48&K)!@+!b+!g+_!b&47&K!-&8?)!d+!b+_!.:4:;)!d+!"+_!*h=?9&!*54:?')!@+_!C:$J3)!@+!,+!-+_!,3'$?K)!.+!i+!I9!"(&48&!Q&73(V(:=?!"4:937?!7&!"6?:?!j!"6'&47:;3(&9!T3K&373!&9! Q'?%$&93! I8:$:;347?! ?! b??7$&+! /4S! f?'GK#?6! K?%'&! "J3$:3WX?! &!"=?9634#39&48?! 73! "6'&47:;3(&9! &9! "9%:&48&K! U:'853:K)! ``///! C:96VK:?!T'3K:$&:'?!7&!/4<?'9h8:=3!43!075=3WX?+!>:?!7&!*34&:'?)!ENOE+!

*3:4)!"+!k+_!>?KK)!"+_! Q'3%#3G3')! C+!"4! /48'?75=8:?4! 8?!T:?9&8':=!>&=?(4:8:?4)! /000!A'34K3=8:?4K!?4!,:'=5:8K!347!CLK8&9K!<?'!U:7&?!A&=#4?$?(L!C6&=:3$!/KK5&!?4!/93(&!347!U:7&?1T3K&7!T:?9&8':=K+!J+!Oc)!4+!O)!6+!c1EN)!ENNc+!

b:='?K?<8!>&K&3'=#+!Q'?('399:4(!i5:7&S!i&88:4(!C83'8&7!M:8#!8#&!k:4&=8!<?'!f:47?MK!C.k! T&83)! ENOO+! .:K6?4lJ&$! &9Sm#886Snn'&K&3'=#+9:='?K?<8+=?9n&41!5Kn59n'&79?47n6'?]&=8KnG:4&=8K7Gn7?=KnQ'?('399:! 4(i5:7&ok:4&=8C.k+7?=ap+!"=&KK?!&9S!O2!C&8&9%'?!ENOO+!

C&%&)! -+_! @&M)! b+! C+_! B534()! A+! C+! A#&! C838&1?<18#&1"'8! :4! B59341,?9658&'!/48&'3=8:?4+! /4S! 05'?6&34! ,?4<&'&4=&! ?4! ,?9658&'! U:K:?4! ENNc! Y0,,U! ENNcZS!/48&'438:?43$! f?'GK#?6! ?4! B5934! ,?9658&'! /48&'3=8:?4! YB,/qNcZ)! 6! O1F)! Q'3(3)!>&65%$:=3!A=#&=3)!ENNc+!

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