012 013 zs dvanaesto i trinaesto predavanje
DESCRIPTION
012 013 ZS Dvanaesto i Trinaesto PredavanjeTRANSCRIPT
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Energetski efikasni materijali i Energetski efikasni materijali i dijagnostikadijagnostika termotehnikih termotehnikih
performansi zgradaperformansi zgrada
Fond: 3+1Fond: 3+1
DDr arko STEVANOVIr arko STEVANOVIInstitut za nuklearne nauke Institut za nuklearne nauke VINAVINA
Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetikuLaboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku
XII i XIIIXII i XIII PREDAVANJEPREDAVANJE
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1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
6. 7.
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1.
ENERGY
IEQ
BALANS
ECOLOGY
HEALTH
ECONOMY
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1.
: , :
11. :1. - ,
;2. ;3. ;4. / ,
.
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1.
(: SRPS EN 15251)
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1.
E
A
?
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1.
?
:
,
:() SRSP ISO17025.
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2.
1. , .
2. ( , ).
3. ( )
4. .
5. .
-
3.
-
3.
--
1. : SRPS EN 15378: Heating systems in buildings - Inspection of boilers and heating systems
2. :SRPS EN 15240: Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings - Guidelines for inspection of air-conditioning systemsSRPS EN 15239: Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings - Guidelines for inspection of ventilation systems
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3.
3. SRPS ISO 9869: Thermal insulation - Building elements - In-situ measurement of thermal resistance and thermal transmittance
4. :SRPS EN 13829: Thermal performance of buildings -Determination of air permeability of buildings - Fan pressurization methodSRPS EN ISO 12569: Thermal performance of buildings -Determination of air change in buildings - Tracer gas dilution method
--
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4.
: ( 12, , ):
1. (U - )2. ()3. (
, , ) .
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i be eq q q q
e se
si i
eq
iq
beq
. .
. .
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4.
, , ,
, , ,
c i si i rad i rad i i
se si
c e e se rad e e rad e
h Eh
h Eh
( ):
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4.
, , , , , , ,ch f c V X O Nu
ch X
:
Nu = Re,Pr,Grf :
4 3rad mh
12m rad s
-8 2 45.6710 [W/m K ]
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4.
U:
1
e i T
qUR
T si be seR R R R
1se sibeR q
e iq U
1
,si
rad i i
RE h h
1
,se
rad e e
RE h h
R:
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4.
:
- U:
ISO 9869:1994 1st Ed. Thermal insulation Buildingelements In situ measurement of thermal resistance andthermal transmittance (Appendix A)
ISO 7726:1998 2nd Ed. Ergonomics of thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities.
-
4.
:
1. - e (oC).2. - i (oC).3. -
q (W/m2)4. (,
, .) - se (oC).5. (,
, .) - si (oC).6. - rad (oC).
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4. (1)
:
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. U- ,
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2. , , , , .
3. 15.
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4.
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4.
07:30 12:30 17:30 22:30 03:30 08:30 13:300
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
9
18
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
q
[W/m
]
time q [W/m] U-vrednost [W/mK]
DT[K]
U-v
redn
ost [
W/m
K]
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4.
, ,N
se j si jj 1
be N
jj 1
Rq
, ,
N
jj 1
N
e j i jj 1
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U Rbe :
: , N .
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4.
ISO 9869 o .
N 2low ii 1
:
:N
high ii 1
( i ) ,
(< 5% ).
(< 5% ).
(< 3% ).
U (< 10% ).
a (< 5% ).
ISO 9869:
28%T
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4.
U:1. ISO 6946:2007 2nd Ed. Building components and building elements
Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation method
2. ISO 10077-1:2007 1st Ed. Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 1: General
3. ISO 10077-2:2003 1st Ed., Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 2: Numerical method for frames
4. ISO 14683, Thermal bridges in building construction Linear thermal transmittance Simplified methods and default values
5. ISO 10211:2007 1st Ed. Thermal bridges in building construction Heat flows and surface temperatures Detailed calculations
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4. -
.
( ) , (, ) .
, , , .
, .
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4. -
(ventilation rates) :
1. a SRPS EN 13829:2008: Thermal performances of buildings Determination of air permeability of buildings Fan pressurization method
2. a SRPS EN 12569:2009: Thermal insulation in buildings Determination of air change in buildings Tracer gas dilution method
, : ( ) (
, )
( ),
.
, , .
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1. a :
T
np L TQ C p
(m3 / h)
50 [Pa] n50 LQ C (1 / h)
T
T
pp
Qn
V
50
50QnV
(m3 / h m2 )
5050
F
QwA
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4. -
2. a (CO2): :
:
in out
GQC C
:
,in outC C - CO2 , , (ppm)G - CO2 (m3 / s)Q - (m3 / s)
ln lnin 2 out 2 in 1 out 12 1
C C C CQ V
V - (m3) - (s)
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4. -
1. a :
- , . . (
, , )
2. a (CO2): : , , . CO2 : (). .
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4.
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4.
3.4.
2012
5.4.
2012
6.4.
2012
7.4.
2012
10.4
.201
2
11.4
.201
20
500
1000
1500
2000
2500 Indoor CO2 Outdoor CO2
Kon
cent
raci
ja C
O2 [
ppm
]
VREME
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4.
: , ; , , (. , , / , .)
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5.
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5.
() , , .
, , , ( 2, SRPS EN 15251).
(. , , CO2, , .), .
: (Predicted Percentage ofDissatisfied - PPD). .
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5.
: SRPS EN 15251: Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics
1. :SRPS EN ISO 7730: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of PMV and PPD indices and local thermal criteriaSRPS EN ISO 7726: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities
2. :CR 1752: Ventilation for Buildings: Design Criteria for the Indoor Environment
3. :SRPS EN 12464-1: Light and lighting Lighting of work places Indoor work places
4. : (. , .54/92)
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5. -
(SRPS EN ISO 7730):
o
PMV Predicted Mean Vote ( )
PPD Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied ( )
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5. -
rada AA 10
Var (m/s) < 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.0
A 0.5 0.6 0.7
:
:
rad
:
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5. -
PMV
:
m w rc re k r c e sQ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
:
Qm Qw Qrc Qre Qk Qr Qc Qe Qs
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5. -
PMV
aclcclradclclcl
a
a
M
hf
fM
pMWM
pWMWMe
44
8
5
3
036.0
273273
1096.3340014.0
5867107.115.5842.0
99.657331005.3028.0303.0PMV
:
aclccl
radclclcl
cl
hffI
WM
448 2732731096.3
028.07.35
araclar
araclaclc VV
Vh
1.1238.21.121.1238.238.2
25.0
25.025.0
)C/W m (078.0645.005.1)C/W m (078.0290.100.1
2
2
clcl
clclcl II
IIf
:
(W/m2)W (W/m2)Icl . (m2C/W)fcl
a (C) rad
(C) Var
(m/s)pa
(Pa)hc
. (W/m2C)cl (C)
1 met = 58.2 W/m21 clo = 0.155 m2C/W
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5. -
(SRPS EN ISO 7726):
- rad - RH ( pa ) - ( )Var -
PMV :
PMV
-3,
-2,
-1,
0,
+1,
+2,
+3,
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5. -
PPD 2PMV2179.0PMV03353.095100PPD e
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5. -
PMV-PPD (SRPS EN 15251):
PPD (%) PMV
I < 6 - 0.2 < PMV < + 0.2
II < 10 - 0.5 < PMV < + 0.5
III < 15 - 0.7 < PMV < + 0.7
IV > 15 - 0.7 > PMV > + 0.7
.
II.
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5. -
(SRPS EN ISO 7730):( SRPS EN 15251)
1.
2.
3.
4.
-
5. -
-
5. -
.
CEN CR 1725 SRPS EN 15251, :
( ),
CO2
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5. -
(Percentage of Dissatisfied - PD), :
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5. -
SRPS EN 15251, :1. :
(L/s/pers.)
(L/s/m2)
. .
I 10 0.5 1 2
II 7 0.35 0.7 1.4
III 4 0.2 0.4 0.8
2. CO2, :
CO2
I 350 ppm
II 500 ppm
III 800 ppm
IV > 800 ppm
-
5. -
CO2
-
5. -
.
dB(A), 2, (. , . 54/92).
( ), , , .
, SRPS EN 15251 (x , .1) , dB(A) .
-
5. -
.
SRPS EN 15251 (x D, D.1) SRPS EN 12464-1, .
, 6 SRPS EN 12464-1.
SRPS EN 13032 1, 2 3.
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6.
, :
1. , , , .
2. , , ,
3.
4. ,
5.
( , , , )
6.
7.
-
7.
():
1. SRPS EN ISO 7730: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of PMV and PPD indices and local thermal criteria
2. SRPS EN ISO 7726: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities
3. CR 1752: Ventilation for Buildings: Design Criteria for the Indoor Environment
1. CIBSE Guide A: Environment al design, January 2006 (7th edition) The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers London, ISBN-10: 1-903287-66-9
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7.
: PMV - PPD
1. (SRPS EN ISO 7730): = 1 met ( - ), W = 02. (SRPS EN ISO 7730):Icl = 1.0 clo ( : . )3. ():a = 24 C4. ():RH = 50 %5. 1.1m ( , SRPS EN ISO 7726):Var = 0.1 m/s ( )6. (rad )
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7.
1.1m SRPS EN ISO 7726:
1. (si).
2. SRPS EN ISO 7726:.
, ,
N4 4rad si j p j
j 1F
gde je Fp,j , N
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7.
:
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7.
PMV - PPD SRPS EN ISO 7730 (RH = 50 %)
0.5 25+0.5 23=24 C0 a radA 1 A PMV
2- 0.033530.2+0.21790.2PPD 100-95 6.4 %)(e
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7.
:
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7.
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7.
(oC)
H=0.1m
H=1.1m
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7.
H=0.1m
H=1.1m
(oC)
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7.
H=0.1m
H=1.1m
(m/s)
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7.
H=0.1m
H=1.1m
(oC)
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7.
H=1.1m
H=1.1m
PMV (-)
PPD (%)
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7.
AGE (sec)
CO2 (ppm)
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Its much better to be approximately right than
absolutely wrong !
Brian D. Spolding, CHAM Limited