010 phylum echinodermata
TRANSCRIPT
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Phylum: Echinodermata
Bodljokošci
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Opšte karakteristikePo mnogim karakteristikama jedinstvena grupa životinja
Petozračna radijalna simetrijaJedini celomski organizmi sa radijalnom simetrijom u odraslom stupnju
Na larvenom stupnju bilateralno simetrični
Nesegmentisani
Nemaju glaveni region
Oralno-aboralna osa – oralna površina sa usnim otvorom i aboralna površina sa analnim otvorom
Ambulakralni (vodenovaskularni) sistem kanala
Unutrašnji skelet mezodermalnog porekla
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Petozračna radijalna simetrija
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Građa SPOLJAŠNJA GRAĐA:
Trepljast epidermis
SKELET:Unutrašnji, krečnjački, čvrste višeugaone pločice
Na površini skeletnih ploča kvržice (tuberkule), a na njima pokretno zglobljene bodlje
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Ambulakralni sistemSistem kanala ispunjen tečnošću pod pritiskomU vezi sa spoljašnjom sredinom preko poroznih pločica (punjenje i pražnjenje)Sistem kanala ima radijalni raspored, od kružnog cevastog suda polaze radijalni sudovi za svaki krakSa kanala ambulakralnog sistema polaze cevasti izraštaji kroz posebne pore na površini tela – AMBULAKRALNE NOŽICE koje se završavaju pijavkomKretanje se izvodi tako što se tečnost pod pritiskom potiskuje u nožicu, ona se izduži i pijavkom se pričvrsti za podlogu. Zatim se nožica kontrahuje i za sobom povlači ostatak tela
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NERVNI SISTEM – vrpčastog i difuznog tipa
Mrežast nervni pleksus ispod epidermisa
Tri prstena od kojih polaze vrpce
CELOMSKA DUPLJA - dobro razvijena
KRVNI SISTEM – dobro razvijen, otvoren
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DIGESTIVNI SISTEM Crevo je kesastog oblika kod kod zvezda i zmijača, izuvijano kod ježeva
Zvezde izbacuju želudac na žrtvu i počinju da vare van svog tela
Morski ježevi imaju poseban sistem za “žvakanje” – Aristotelovu lampu
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Aristotelova lampaAristotelova lampa
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DISANJEPovršinom tela
Žbunaste kožne škrge kod zvezda i zmijača
Morski krastavci poseduju respiratorne grane
IZLUČIVANJE – nemaju organe za izlučivanje
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RAZMNOŽAVANJEOdvojenih polova
Razviće preko larvalnog stupnja koji je bilateralno simetričan i slobodnoplivajući
Larva je pluteus
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Rasprostranjenje
Isključivo morski organizmi
6000 recentnih i 20000 izumrlih vrsta
Na dnu mora
Kreću se puzanjem ili su zariveni u podlogu, neki sesilni
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Klasifikacija
Classis: Asteroidea – morske zvezde
Classis: Echinoidea – morski ježevi
Classis: Ophiuroidea – morske zmijuljice (zmijače)
Classis: Holothuroidea – morski krastavci
Classis: Crinoidea – morski krinovi
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Classis: Asteroidea – morske zvezde
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Classis: Echinoidea – morski ježevi
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Classis: Ophiuroidea – morske zmijuljice (zmijače)
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Classis: Holothuroidea – morski krastavci
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Classis: Crinoidea – morski krinovi
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