01 what is a hybrid vehicle

7/30/2019 01 What is a Hybrid Vehicle

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What is a

Hybrid Vehicle?

ContentsWhy are hybrid vehicles necessary now? 2

Types of Hybrid Systems 7

Features of THS (TOYOTA Hybrid System) 11

THS II (TOYOTA Hybrid System II) 14

Characteristics when driving a hybrid vehicle 18

Hybrid Vehicle Lineup 20

Number of Hybrid Vehicles for Sale 21


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2

What is a Hybrid Vehicle?

Why are hybrid vehicles necessary now? Expansion of the automobile market


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3


Why are hybrid vehicles necessary now? Increase in energy consumption

Energy

Consumption

(Mtoe)

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

(Mtoe: Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent)


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4


Why are hybrid vehicles necessary now? Global warming caused by CO2

CO2

Concentratio

n

500

300

260

600

400

(ppmv)

1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

CO2


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5


Why are hybrid vehicles necessary now?

An Eco-car which has good fuelconsumption and low CO2 emissions is

necessary.


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6


Why are hybrid vehicles necessary now? Hybrid technology is the core technology for

developing the ultimate Eco-car.

Low CO2 emissionClean emission

Plug-inHV

FCHVTHS II

Ultimate eco-car

CNG

DPNR

Common-rail VVT-i

Lean Burn

D-4

EV

Diesel

Engine

Alternative

Energy

Gasoline

Engine

Electrical

Energy

DieselHV

Synthetic Fuels

Biofuels

AlternativeFuel HV


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Types of Hybrid Systems Series Hybrid System

The engine drives a generator and an electric motoruses this generated electricity to drive the wheels.

Motor

Engine

Balance of engine andmotor operation

(conceptual diagram)


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Types of Hybrid Systems Parallel Hybrid System

Both the engine and the motor drive the wheels.

EngineMotor




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Types of Hybrid Systems THS (TOYOTA Hybrid System)

Strong points of both the series and parallel systemsare realized in one system.

EngineMotor




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Types of Hybrid Systems Hybrid system comparison

System

Fuel Economy Improvement Driving Performance

IdlingTime

Reduction

EnergyRecovery

High-efficiencyOperationControl

TotalEfficiency

AccelerationContinuous

HighOutput

Series

Parallel

THS

(Series-parallel)

: Excellent : Very Good : Somewhat Unfavorable


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Features of THS (TOYOTA Hybrid System) 4 functions

Idling Time

Reduction

Regenerative

Braking

Motor

Assist

EV

Drive


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Features of THS (TOYOTA Hybrid System) THS Operation (Outline)

Startingfrom Rest

NormalDriving Acceleration Deceleration Stopped

Motor Only Motor andEngine

Motor and Engine(Additional

Electricity Extractedfrom Battery)

ChargingBattery

EngineAutomatically

Stopped


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Features of THS (TOYOTA Hybrid System) Comparison with a conventional vehicle

Item ConventionalVehicle

Hybrid Vehicle(THS)

Note about THS

PowerSource

EngineEngineMotorGenerator

Driving the vehicle using the motoris possible (the engine is off).

Engine power is used to drive thevehicle and generate electricity.

Trans-mission

A/TM/TCVT

Power SplittingDevice

Splits engine, motor, and generatorpower.

Functions as a CVT.

BrakesHydraulicBrakes

HydraulicBrakes

Regenerative

Brakes

Cooperative control between thehydraulic brakes and regenerative

brakes is performed.

Battery 12 V Battery12 V Battery274 V Battery

High voltage is used for driving thevehicle using the motor.

Power-train

ControlECM

HV ECUECMInverter

These components control the

engine, motor, and generator.


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THS II (TOYOTA Hybrid System II) Concept

HigherPower

Low FuelConsumption


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THS II (TOYOTA Hybrid System II) The PRIUS delivers low fuel consumption and higher

power using the THS II.

PRIUS(NHW20)

Japanese10

-15

Mode

FuelEfficienc

y

(km/L)

0 - 100 km/h Acceleration (sec.)

Better Acceleration

Better FuelEconomy

PRIUS(NHW11)

COROLLA(1.3L) COROLLA

(1.5L)

CAMRY(2.4L)

Trade-off between performanceand fuel economy in

conventional vehicles

PRIUS(ZVW30)


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THS II (TOYOTA Hybrid System II) Well-to-wheel efficiency

FuelEfficiency

(Well-to-Tank)[%]

VehicleEfficiency

(Tank-to-Wheel)[%]

Overall Efficiency(Well-to-Wheel)

[%]

RecentGasoline Model

88

16

THS 32

THS II 37

TOYOTA FCHV 58* 50

FCHV (Target) 70 60

*: Hydrogen from CNG

0 10 20 30 40

14

28

32

29

42


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THS II (TOYOTA Hybrid System II) Main differences between THS and THS II

THS[PRIUS (NHW11)]

THS II[PRIUS (ZVW30)]

201.6 V

Max.

650 V

MG1MG2

HV Battery

Boost Converter

274 VMG1MG2 HV Battery

HighPower

LowEnergy

Loss


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Characteristics when driving a hybrid vehicle The vehicle can run on gasoline only, and does not

need to be recharged. If the battery charge decreases, the engine drives the

generator, which recharges the battery.


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Characteristics when driving a hybrid vehicle The vehicle can be driven while the READY indicator

light is on. The engine will stop while the vehicle is stopped in

order to improve fuel economy. The engine starts up automatically after the vehicle

starts off.

READY Indicator Light


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Hybrid Vehicle Lineup

*: Only for the Japanese market

1997 2001 2003 2004 2006 2007

1997 2001 2003 2004 2006 2007

2009

2009

PRIUS(NHW11)

PRIUS(NHW20)

ESTIMA*

CROWN*

ALPHARD*

RX400h

HIGHLANDER(MUH 23, 28)

GS450h

CAMRY

LS600h

PRIUS(ZVW30)

PRIUS Plug-in(ZVW35)

HIGHLANDER(MHU48)

RX450h

HS250h


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Number of Hybrid Vehicles Sold

CumulativeSa

les

400,000

800,000

1,200,000

1,600,000

2,000,000

1997 2001 2003 2004 2006 2007

1997 2001 2003 2004 2006 2007

2009

2009

Cumulative sales top 2-million mark

01 what is a hybrid vehicle

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