01 ethernet principle 20090724 a
TRANSCRIPT
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thernet !rinciple
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"#$ectives
%pon completion o& this course, you will #e a#le to'
(now the technical #ac)ground o& the thernet and its
#asic concepts
*escri#e the common thernet e+uipment and theirwor)ing principle
%nderstand the &unction o& LA-
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Contents
1. Ethernet Concept
2. thernet !ort Technology
. LA- /asis
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0000000
1
1011101
1
0011101
0
1011101
0
1011111
0
1010100
0
t means this is a multicast
address.
thernet 3AC Address
00.e0.&c.4.50. 3AC address includes 5 #its and it is shown as 12 dotted
headecimal notations
3AC address is eclusive glo#ally which is allotted and
managed #y . very 3AC address is composed o& twoparts. The 7rst 2 #its part is the vendor code and the other
2 #its part is serial num#er
& 5 #its are all 819, it means the address is used &or
#roadcast
& the 5th #it is 819, it means the address is used &or multicast
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Ethernet_II
DMAC SMAC Length/T
DATA/PAD FCS
Length/Type Mean
Length;T 1:00
Type o& the &rame
Length o& the &rame802.3
6???1:00 #ytes
6???1:15 #ytes
thernet @rame tructure
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thernet !rinciple???C3A;C*
C' carrier sense ense #e&ore sending data to ensure the ca#le is idle and reduce
collision.
3A' multiple access
The data &rom every station can #e received #y other multiple
stations.
C*' collision detection
*etect collision while sending data and stop it when the station
7nd collision then continue to send a&ter waiting &or a random
time.
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1 2 :
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"%T "%T"%T"%T
H%/ only changes the physical topology o& thernet,
t is hal& duple.
or)ing !rinciple o& H%/
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!"
LA#
LA#
LA#
LA#
LA#
H%/ only repeats all the signals coming &rom connected LA- and
all the physical e+uipment construct a collision domain.
Collision *omain
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*e&ects o& Traditional thernet
The transmission eDciency is low in case o& manyhosts connected
A lot o& collisions
/roadcast storm
-o security
%se H%/s to construct the LA- as a sharing thernet
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!hysical
layer
*ata lin)
layer
E/F*G;thernet switch;L2 e+uipmentE/F*G;thernet switch;L2 e+uipment
wor) modewor) mode
L2 or) 3ode
Application layer
!resentation layer
Conversation layer
Transport layer
-etwor) layer
*ata lin) layer
!hysical layer!hysical
layer
L2 $%&tch
*ata lin)
layer
Application layer
!resentation layer
Conversation layer
Transport layer
-etwor) layer
*ata lin) layer
!hysical layer
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L2 or) !rinciple ECont.
@orwarding #ased on destination address
!ort 1
!ort 2
L2 S%&tch
MACD MACA '''
MACA MACD '''
MAC ADD. port
3AC A 1
3AC / 1
3AC C 2
3AC * 2
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L2 witch !rinciple
Feceive all the data &rames &rom the networ) segment ave the source 3AC addresses o& the received &rames to
esta#lish 3AC address ta#leE sel&?learning #ased on source
address and maintain the address ta#le #y aging mechanism
Chec) the 3AC address ta#le to 7nd out the port corresponding
to the destination address. & it is the receiving port, it will ta)e
the &rameI i& it is not the receiving port, the data will #e
#roadcasted to all the other ports Eecept the source port
@orward #roadcast and multicast &rames to all other ports
Eecept the source port
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Three witch3odes
Cut?Through witch &orward the &rame immediately a&ter it receive destination address
hort time delay
witch donJt chec) the error
tore?and?@orward
witch &orward the &rame a&ter it receive the whole &rame
Long time delay
witch chec) the error so no error &rame will #e &orwarded
@ragment?&ree
witch &orward the &rame a&ter it receive 6 #ytesE the shortest &ramelength
ntegrate the advantage o& the cut?through and store?and?&orward mode
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L2 will &orward the received &rames according to the 3ACaddress so collision domain is limited to one port. /ut it
can not limit the #roadcast domain.
/roadcast *omain
S(ITC
LAN
LAN
LAN
LAN
LAN
/roadcastdomain
collision domain
collision domaincollision domain
collision domain collision domain
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Contents
1. thernet Concept
2. Ethernet Port Techno)ogy
. LA- /asis
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thernet ConnectionFe+uirements
thernet connection must ensure the per&ormance o&the networ)
/andwidth
*elay
Two methods to increase #andwidth &or users'
ncrease the overall networ) #andwidth
/uild switching thernet, and use #andwidth eclusively.
ncrease lin) rate' 103??1003??10003
*ecrease the num#er o& e+uipment attached to the same
shared medium
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Techn&ca)
Stan*ar*Type$ o+ Ca,)e
Tran$-&$$&o
n D&$tance
100/aseTK 2 pairs A;TA Type : E%T! %nshielded Twisted !air 100m
100/aseT
pairs A;TA Type , and : E%T! %nshielded Twisted
!air 100m
100/ase@K 3ulti?3ode @i#er E33@ ca#le ::0m?2)m
1000/aseCK Copper shielded twisted?pair 2:m
1000/aseT
Copper A;TA Category : E%T! %nshielded twisted?pair,
pair 100m
1000/aseK 3ulti?mode 7#er, :0;62.:um 7#er, use 5:0nm laser ::0m;2B:m
A' lectronics ndustries Association
TA' Telecommunications ndustries Association
Transmission *istance o& @astthernet
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& there is no auto?negotiation mechanism, the&ollowing pro#lems will arise'
Cannot realie the auto dual?rate con7guration &unction
o& the port Esuch as 103#it;s and 1003#it;s
Cannot con7rm the operation mode o& duple
Cannot con7rm whether itMs in need o& the Now?control
&unction or not
& #oth o& the e+uipment provide auto?negotiationthen, it is the #est choice.
thernet Technology???Auto?-egotiation
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@ast lin) pulse includes a series o&cloc);digital se+uence comprised o& lin)
integration test pulse.
The #asic mechanism o& the auto?negotiation&unction is to encapsulate the negotiation message
into the lin) integration test pulse.
1-$
very pulse includes 16 digital se+uence
OO
@ast lin) pulse
thernet Technology???Auto?-egotiation ECont.
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Auto?-egotiation
& one device can not support auto?negotiation, the otherdevice that can support auto?negotiation will wor) at the
de&ault wor) method.
a)+Dp)e F))Dp)e
10M upport upport
100M upport upport
1000M upport
10 upport
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Auto?-egotiation on "ptical@i#er
@or the optical 7#er thernet, the conclusion is' The operation modes at two ends o& the lin) must #e
manually con7gured Espeed, duple modes, Now?
control and etc.
The auto?negotiation o& Giga#it thernet has #een
realied
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@low Control
The &unction o& Now control is to prevent &rames &rom#eing lost in case o& congestion
%nder hal& duple mode, the Now control is achieved
#y #ac)pressure technology %nder &ull duple mode, the Now control generally
a#ides #y standard 502.
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Hal& *uple @low Control
,acpre$$re
!retend that there iscollision, then you willnot constantly
trans&erP
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!A% @rame
*ATA @rame
@ull *uple @low Control
502. standard de7nes a new method named!A% &rame, to realie the Now control in the &ull
duple environment.
!A% &rame uses a reserved multicast addresswhich wouldnMt #e repeated #y #ridge or switch
top Congestion
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Contents
1. thernet Concept
2. thernet !ort Technology
3. 4LA# "a$&$
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"roa*ca$t 5oo*&ng &$ the -a&n *&$a*6antage o+L2 $%&tch
*isadvantage o& @ull *uple andL2 witch
@ull duple and L2 ma)e thernet progress, resolvethe conNict pro#lem and improve the thernet
per&ormance. @urthermore the security is enhanced
to some etent. /ut the &ollowing disadvantages are
still in the thernet'
/roadcast Nooding
ecurity canJt #e guaranteed completely
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Cause o& LA- Generation???/roadcast torm
,roa*ca$t
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/roadcast domain1LA- 10
/roadcast domain2LA- 20
/roadcast domainLA- 0
ngineering *epartment
@inancial *epartment3ar)eting *epartment
Pre6ent "roa*ca$t Stor-6&a 4LA#
!revent /roadcast torm
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MAC 4LA#
3AC A :3AC / 10
3AC C :
3AC * 10
MAC A MAC " MAC C MAC D
S%&tch
Port 4LA#
!ort 1 :!ort 10
!ort B :
!ort 10 10
PC A PC " PC C PC D
S%&tch
Port 1
Port 3Port 7
Port 10
LA- /ased on 3AC or !ort
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Protoco) 4LA#
!K :%*! 10
! 2
OOO. 11
IP IP !DP IP
S%&tch
IP 4LA#
1.1.1.1;2 :1.1.2.1;2 10
1.1..1;2 2
OOO. 11
1.1.1.1/29 1.1.2.1/291.1.3.1/292.1.1.1/29
S%&tch
LA- /ased on !rotocol oru#net
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@rame @ormat o& LA-
*A A Type *ata CFC
tandard thernet @rame
*A A Type *ata CFCtag
T!* !riority C@ LA- *
TC
Ethernet Fra-e %&th IEEE802.I: F)ag
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LA- 2 LA- 1
LA- 1 LA- 2
thernet &ramewith LA- tag 1
thernet &ramewith LA- tag 2
thernet &ramewithout LA-
Nag
@rame Changes in -etwor)Communication
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thernet Card !ort Tag 3ode
Pacet$
Port
Tag 5ag !ntag 5ag
Tag aware En Transmit transparently *rop
Tag aware
E"utTransmit transparently
Access En *ropAttach a Tag Nag Ede&ault
LA- *
Access E"utFemove the Tag Nag Ede&ault
LA- *
Hy#rid En Transmit transparentlyAttach a Tag Nag Ede&ault
LA- *
Hy#rid E"ut
& LA- * is the same,
remove the Tag Nag,
otherwise transmit
transparently
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Advantage and *isadvantage o&LA-
LA- technology resolves the #roadcast pro#lemand enhances the communication security.
*isadvantage o& LA-'
mprove the #andwidth utiliation rate #y dividing aphysically interconnected networ) into several small
logic networ)s. /ut what should we do i& diQerent
LA-s need to communicate with each otherR
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Suestions
!lease descri#e the wor)ing mechanism o& L2witchR
hat is the advantage o& LA-R
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ummary
thernet Concept thernet !ort Technology
LA- /asis
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