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Basic Approaches in

Tourism Planning Topic 1

Lecture Outline

1.Defining Planning

2.Major Types of Planning Practiced Today

3.Contemporary Planning Approaches and Techniques

1. What is Planning?

Organizing the future to achieve certain objectives (process)

Has a strong element of predictability because it attempts to envision the future (Inskeep, 1991:25)

a. Planning is concern with the future

b. Planning is about acquiring knowledge and investigating and identifying the best approaches for government intervention

c. Planning is about anticipating or forecasting change under conditions that are often uncertain

d. Planning is about developing a strategic vision

e. Planning is a bout evaluating different courses of action and facilitating political decision-making

f. Planning is value-laden and political.

‣ Some common definitions about planning:

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2. Major Types of Planning Practiced Today Economic development planning

Physical land use planning • The process of designating land for specific uses on the basis of

environmental, social and economic considerations to meet present and future needs

Infrastructure planning (water supply, electric power, sewage disposal, telecommunication, etc.)

2. Major Types of Planning Practiced Today … cont

Social facility planning (education, medical, recreation)

Park & recreation planning (for environmental purposes)

Corporate planning Urban regional planning (Inskeep, 1991:25)

Most formal planning (public) are done by the government agencies

Planning for recreation area, resorts, tourist spot may be undertaken by the private sectors, but the plans must meet local criteria & development standard of the local government, and be approved by it

Because planning is so comprehensive and specialized, it is often carried out by consultants

3. Contemporary Planning Approaches & Techniques

Previously, a lot of emphasis was placed of the end state ‘Master Plan’ which was assumed to be sufficient for guiding future development

But, it was found to be too rigid, not taking account on changing lifestyle, technology, etc. (not suitable to be implemented over long term period)

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Planning is a continuous process

Must be flexible and yet still meet basic development objectives

Planning should be done incrementally with continuous monitoring and feedback on effects of previous development and evaluation of new trends

NOW, the general approach being applied: In order to achieve effective development patterns and not generating environmental problem or social ills, all aspects of the area or development sector being planned must be understood and carefully integrated (the system approach)

An important aspects of planning is to involve the community in the planning process and decision making because they should be given the opportunity to participate in the planning of its future development

There is also a great concern on the environment resulting from development practices -sustainable tourism; “sustaining the resources of development from depletion so that they are available for continuing and permanent use in the future”

(Inskeep, 1991:26-28)

i. Study preparation

ii. Determine development goals & objectives

iii. Surveys

iv. Analysis and synthesis

v. Plan formulation

vi. Recommendations

vii. Implementations

viii. Monitoring

(Inskeep, 1991:28)

Basic Planning Process:

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End of Lecture