00 logic cases for writing

8/17/2019 00 Logic Cases for Writing

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Case 1

A.M. No. MTJ-91-565 October 5, 2005

Patricio T. Junio, Complainant,

vs.

Judge Pedro C. Riera, Jr., MTC, A!a"ino#, Panga#inan, Respondent.

$ACT%&

Judge Pedro C. Rivera, Jr. '!eading (or )udicia! c!e"enc* relative to our Resolution dated August

30, 1993 dismissing him from the service for kissing his oarder!s daughter "hile he "as drunk during

his irthda# part#, "hich act constitutes gross misconduct and conduct pre$udicial to the est interest

of the Judiciar#.

After more than 11 #ears or on %ovemer 1&, '00(, respondent Judge sent a letter to this Court

stating that he did not file a motion for reconsideration of our Resolution ecause he )accepted the

verdict, in all humilit#.) *ut he pleaded that ased on humanitarian considerations and in the spirit of

forgiveness, "e grant him his monetar# enefits corresponding to his long #ears of service in thegovernment+ and allo" him to "ork in an# government agenc# or governmento"ned or controlled

corporations as a consultant. -e further stated that he "as acuitted in the criminal case for acts of

lasciviousness filed against him+ that he served the government for more than thirt#five /3 #ears,

four /( #ears of "hich "as in the Judiciar#+ and that this is his first administrative offense.

2n June 1&, '00, respondent Judge again "rote this Court reiterating his plea for $udicial clemenc#

)in the light of m# present personal circumstances.) -e stated that he is undergoing intensive medica

treatment for cataract, prostatic enlargement, postural vertigo, h#pertension and arthritis+ that he is

)under heav# financial crisis+) and that his ardent "ish is )to reap the fruits) of his long #ears of

service to the government.

+##ue& hether or not a $udge dismissed from service ma# e granted a $udicial clemenc#

considering his length of service and his financial, and ph#sical conditions4

Ru!ing& 5es, Judicial clemenc# must e granted.

6emership in the $udiciar# circumscries one!s personal conduct and imposes upon him certain

restrictions, "hose faithful oservance is the price one has to pa# for holding such an e7alted

position. 8hus, a magistrate of the la" must comport himself in a manner that his conduct must e

free of a "hiff of impropriet#, not onl# "ith respect to the performance of his official duties, ut also tohis ehavior outside his sala and as a private individual. -is conduct must e ale to "ithstand the

most searching pulic scrutin#, for the ethical principles and sense of propriet# of a $udge are

essential to the preservation of the people!s faith in the $udicial s#stem. e certainl# do not reuire

$udges to measure up to the standards of conduct of the saints and mart#rs, ut "e do e7pect them to

e like Caesar!s "ife in all their actions. -ence, their faithful adherence to the Code of Judicial

Conduct is strictl# demanded. A lackadaisical attitude to"ards these $udicial standards is

impermissile.


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n respondent!s case, "e note certain significant factors that spur us to consider his present plea for

$udicial clemenc# and ree7amine "ith compassion the penalt# imposed on him. Respondent Judge

has rendered more than thirt# five /3 #ears of government service. 8his is his first and onl#

administrative offense. -e demonstrated sincere repentance. -e "as dismissed from the service

more than ten /10 #ears ago and )has come to terms "ith realit# and learned /his lesson.) -is

regressing ph#sical condition caused # various illnesses and old age necessitate financial support.

CA% NMR 2

A/ANC TT+ M+% +NC, PT+T+ONR%

% 3+4 TAN, doing bu#ine## under te na"e 3CT Manu(acturing, Re#'ondent#

$ACT%&

Petitioner Advance 8e7tile 6ills, nc., allegedl# sold te7tile materials to ill# 8an of C8

6anufacturing. After fe" attempts at collecting the unpaid alance of P1,&1,:9'.;&, on %ovemer

11, 1993, petitioner sent respondents a final demand and letter giving him ten da#s to settle his det

on pain of legal action. Respondent still failed to pa#. 8hereafter, petitioner instituted an action forcollection of a sum of mone# efore the Regional 8rial Court of 6akati Cit#. Respondent denied

purchasing faric materials on credit from the petitioner and alleged that all he purchases "ere paid

in cash asis. -e like"ise denied receiving an# demand letter from the petitioner.

A pretrial conference "as scheduled on 6arch ;, 199. 2n motion of respondent!s counsel, the tria

court granted the motion to cancel and reset the pretrial conference on April , 199. *oth on said

date respondent and counsel failed to appear, so the trial court, upon petitioner!s motion, declared

respondent in default and thereafter allo"ed the presentation of evidence e7 parte.

8rial court rendered a decision in favor of the petitioner. Respondent appealed the decision in Court of

Appeals and ruled that default "as null and void, for failure of the trial court to serve respondent "ith

the notice of pretrial and ordered the lo"er court a uo for further proceedings. 8hen petitioner raised

the case to


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CA% NMR 7

CA% NMR 8


4/34

CA% NMR 5

AA #. CORT O$ APPA%

.R. No. 168081, Ju!* 29, 2005

$act#& Priate re#'ondent Ro#endo C. errera (i!ed a 'etition (or cance!!ation o( te (o!!o:ing

entrie# in te birt certi(icate o( Ro#endo A!ba errera, Jr, ; to :it&


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(ater o( Ro#endo A!ba errera Jr.? and


6/34

eerage /e'art"ent


7/34

$ie!d O((ice, Mani!a, te O((ice o( te ice Pre#ident reue#ted te retriea! o( te #aid

a''oint"ent 'a'er. +n#tead o( eeding te reue#t, 'etitioner C%C-NCR di#a''roed te

a''oint"ent.

On October 5, 199H, 'etitioner i##ued an order tat a 'ri"a (acie ca#e again#t re#'ondent (or

/i#one#t* and $a!#i(ication o( O((icia! /ocu"ent# b* dec!aring in i# Per#ona! /ata#eet


8/34

o((ice. . .>


9/34

"A#$S%

Before R.A. No. 9337 took effect, petitioners ABAKADA GURO Party List, et al., file a petition for pro!i"ition on

#ay $7, $%%& '(estionin) t!e constit(tionality of *ections +, & an of R.A. No. 9337, a-enin) *ections %, %7

an %/, respecti0ely, of t!e National 1nternal Re0en(e 2oe N1R24. *ection + i-poses a %5 6A on sale of

)oos an properties, *ection & i-poses a %5 6A on i-portation of )oos, an *ection i-poses a %5 6A on

sale of ser0ices an (se or lease of properties. !ese '(estione pro0isions contain a (nifor-p ro 0 is o a(t!ori8in)

t!e Presient, (pon reco--enation of t!e *ecretary of inance, to raise t!e 6A rate to $5, effecti0e :an(ary

, $%%, after specifie conitions !a0e "een satisfie. Petitioners ar)(e t!at t!e la; is (nconstit(tional.

&SS'ES%

.

$.

2onstit(tion.

3.

. *ince t!ere is no '(estion t!at t!e re0en(e "ill e=cl(si0ely ori)inate in t!e >o(se of Representati0es, t!e

*enate ;as actin) ;it!in its constit(tional po;er to intro(ce a-en-ents to t!e >o(se "ill ;!en it incl(e

pro0isions in *enate Bill No. 9&% a-enin) corporate inco-e ta=es, percenta)e, an e=cise an franc!ise ta=es.

$. !ere is no (n(e ele)ation of le)islati0e po;er "(t only of t!e iscretion as to t!e e=ec(tion of a la;. !is is

constit(tionally per-issi"le. 2on)ress oes not a"icate its f(nctions or (n(ly ele)ate po;er ;!en it escri"es

;!at ?o" -(st "e one, ;!o -(st o it, an ;!at is t!e scope of !is a(t!ority@ in o(r co-ple= econo-y t!at is

fre'(ently t!e only ;ay in ;!ic! t!e le)islati0e process can )o for;ar.

3. !e po;er of t!e *tate to -ake reasona"le an nat(ral classifications for t!e p(rposes of ta=ation !as lon)

"een esta"lis!e.

t!e a-o(nts to "e raise, t!e -et!os of assess-ent, 0al(ation an collection, t!e *tates po;er is entitle to

pres(-ption of 0aliity. As a r(le, t!e ?(iciary ;ill not interfere ;it! s(c! po;er a"sent a clear s!o;in) of

(nreasona"leness, iscri-ination, or ar"itrariness.

CA% NMR 9

RP+C O$ T P++PP+N% # C+PR+ANO ORC+/O +++, . R. No. 1587H0 October 5,

2005

RP+C O$ T P++PP+N% #. C+PR+ANO ORC+/O +++,

. R. No. 1587H0 October 5, 2005

RP+C O$ T P++PP+N% #. C+PR+ANO ORC+/O +++

.R. No. 1587H0 October 5, 2005


10/34

$act#&

On Ma* 28, 19H1, Ci'rianoOrbecido +++ "arried ad* M*ro# M. i!!anuea at te nited

Curc o( Cri#t in te Pi!i''ine# in a"-an, OEa"i# Cit*. Teir "arriage :a# b!e##ed :it a

#on and a daugter, ri#to((er%i"bortriE . Orbecido and ad* i"ber!* . Orbecido. +n 19H6,

Ci'riano@# :i(e !e(t (or te nited %tate# bringing a!ong teir #on ri#to((er. A (e: *ear# !ater,

Ci'riano di#coered tat i# :i(e ad been natura!iEed a# an A"erican citiEen. %o"eti"e in

2000, Ci'riano !earned (ro" i# #on tat i# :i(e ad obtained a diorce decree and ten

"arried a certain +nnocent %tan!e*.

Ci'riano terea(ter (i!ed :it te tria! court a 'etition (or autorit* to re"arr* inoBing

Paragra' 2 o( Artic!e 26 o( te $a"i!* Code. No o''o#ition :a# (i!ed. $inding "erit in te

'etition, te court granted te #a"e. Te Re'ub!ic, erein 'etitioner, troug te O((ice o( te

%o!icitor enera!


11/34

POP O$ T P++PP+N% #. $ORNC+O A%ACAO

.R. No. 16H885 Noe"ber 11, 2005

$act#&

Ca't. $!orencio O. a#acao :a# te cre:ing "anager o( reat a#tern %i''ing

Agenc*, +nc., :ic co"'an* :a# eaded b* i# ne'e:. On Augu#t 8, 2000 a''e!!ant and

Jo#e a#acao :ere carged :it arge %ca!e +!!ega! Recruit"ent. Te a''e!!ant :a# arre#ted

:i!e i# ne'e: re"ained at !arge. Te !o:er court (ound Ca't. a#acao gui!t* be*ond

rea#onab!e doubt o( !arge #ca!e i!!ega! recruit"ent. Te Court o( A''ea!# a!#o a((ir"ed te

deci#ion. ence, Ca't. a#acao a''ea!ed to te %u're"e Court c!ai"ing tat e can@t be e!d

!iab!e (or i!!ega! recruit"ent becau#e e :a# )u#t a "ere e"'!o*ee o( te "anning agenc*. e

a!#o c!ai"ed tat e :a# not a:are o( te !a: again#t 'roibition on bond# and de'o#it#

under #ection 60 o( te O"nibu# Ru!e# and Regu!ation# i"'!e"enting R.A. H082.

+##ue&

3eter or not te a''e!!ant i# gui!t* be*ond rea#onab!e doubt o( !arge #ca!e i!!ega!

recruit"ent.

Ru!ing&

Tere i# no "erit in a''e!!ant@# contention tat e :a# )u#t a "ere e"'!o*ee o( te

"anning agenc* becau#e e :a# te co"'an*@# cre:ing "anager. A# te#ti(ied b* te:itne##e#, te accu#ed a''e!!ant actie!* 'artici'ated in te recruit"ent 'roce## (ro"

receiing )ob a''!ication#, interie:ing te a''!icant#, and in(or"ing te" o( te agenc*@#

reuire"ent o( 'a*"ent o( 'er(or"ance or ca# bond 'rior to te de'!o*"ent. Te %u're"e

Court e!d (urter tat a''e!!ant# de(en#e o( ignorance i# not co""endab!e a# 'roided (or

b* Artic!e 7 o( te Cii! Code :ic #tate# tat ignorance o( te !a: eFcu#e# no one (ro"

co"'!iance tere:it. Te de(en#e o( good:i!! i# neiter unaai!ab!e becau#e te a''e!!ant

(ai!ed to de'!o* te co"'!ainant# :itout a!id rea#on#.

CA% NMR 11

$ Q+T4, +NC. #. ANONA

.R. No. 156H81 June 70, 2005

$act#&


12/34

$ uit*, re're#ented b* it# Cie( $inancia! O((icer, 3. %teen *teng#u, ired

a!enEona a# ead coac o( te A!a#Ba ba#Betba!! tea" in te PA under a contract o(

e"'!o*"ent. e :a# ta#Bed to coac at a!! 'ractice# and ga"e# #cedu!ed (or te A!a#Ba

tea", coac eFibition ga"e#, coac i( inited to 'artici'ate in an* a!!-#tar ga"e, attending

eer* eent conducted, '!a*-o(( ga"e#, etc.

e :a# a!#o ta#Bed to co"'!* :it a!! reuire"ent# re#'ecting to te conduct o( it#

tea" and '!a*er#, to i"'!e"ent. e a!#o agreed to re'ort (ro" ti"e to ti"e a# (iFed b* te

cor'oration in good '*#ica! condition, gie i# be#t #erice#, !o*a!t*, to be neat!* and (u!!*

attired in 'ub!ic and to conduct i"#e!( on and o(( te court according to te ige#t

#tandard# o( one#t*, "ora!it*, (air '!a* and #'ort#"an#i', and not to do an*ting

detri"enta! to te be#t intere#t o( te cor'oration.

e a!#o agreed to endor#e te cor'oration@# 'roduct# in co""ercia! aderti#ing

'ro"otion#, :i!! a!!o: i"#e!( to be taBen 'icture# :it oter# (or #ti!! 'otogra'#, "otion'icture# or T. $or i# #erice#, e :i!! be 'aid P75, 000.00 "ont!*, net o( taFe#, 'roide i"

:it a #erice eic!e and ga#o!ine a!!o:ance. Te contract :a# (or t:o


13/34

$ uit* "aintained tat it "ere!* eFerci#ed it# rigt under te contract to 're-

ter"inate a!enEona due to inco"'etence, and tat e :a# gui!t* o( !ace#, in an* eent,

co"'!aint #ou!d be in#tituted be(ore a !abor arbiter. Te tria! court di#"i##ed te co"'!aint

on June 2H, 199 and it dec!ared a!enEona a# (u!!* a:are o( te bargain. Te CA reer#ed te

RTC@# deci#ion and ordered $ uit* to 'a* i" da"age#. Te CA conc!uded tat $ uit*

abu#ed it# rigt b* arbitrari!* ter"inating a!enEona@# e"'!o*"ent, (inding a!enEona@# c!ai"(or da"age# a# a!id. Te court ordered $ uit* to 'a* co"'en#ator* da"age#, "ora!

da"age#, eFe"'!ar* da"age# and attorne*@# (ee#.

ence, ti# 'etition.

+##ue&

3eter or not, te CA conc!uded :rong!* (ro" e#tab!i#ed (act# in a "anner io!atieo( a''!icab!e !a:# and e#tab!i#ed )uri#'rudence.

Ru!ing&

$ uit* argued tat it entered into a contract 'rotected b* !a:, a# it :a# not contract

to !a:, "ora!#, good cu#to"# 'ub!ic 'o!ic* or 'ub!ic order, ence, no bad (ait. a!enEona i#

gui!t* o( !ace# (or i# uneF'!ained inaction o( #iF


14/34

CA% NMR 12

/AR/O MAN #. POP

R. No. 165H82 Noe"ber 29, 2005

$act#&

Ti# ca#e i# a 'etition (or reie: on certiorari o( te deci#ion o( Court o( A''ea!# a((ir"ing te

deci#ion o( te Regiona! Tria! Court o( aguio Cit*, conicting te 'etitioner (or te cri"e o(

biga"*.

duardo P. Manue!, erein 'etitioner, :a# (ir#t "arried to Rub*!u# aa on Ju!* 1H, 195, :o,

according to te (or"er, :a# carged :it e#ta(a in 195 and terea(ter i"'ri#oned and :a#

neer #een again b* i" a(ter i# !a#t i#it. Manue! "et Tina . anda!era in Januar* 1996

:en te !atter :a# on!* 21 *ear# o!d. Tree "ont# a(ter teir "eeting, te t:o got "arried

troug a cii! :edding in aguioCit* :itout anda!era@# Bno:!edge o( Manue!@# (ir#t

"arriage. +n te cour#e o( teir "arriage, ting# got rocB* and anda!era !earned tat

duardo :a# in (act a!read* "arried :en e "arried i". %e ten (i!ed a cri"ina! ca#e o(

biga"* again#t duardo Manue!. Te !atter@# de(en#e being tat i# dec!aration o( ;#ing!e> in

i# "arriage contract :it anda!era :a# done becau#e e be!ieed in good (ait tat i# (ir#t

"arriage :a# ina!id and tat e did not Bno: tat e ad to go to court to #eeB (or te

nu!!i(ication o( i# (ir#t "arriage be(ore "arr*ing Tina. Te Regiona! Tria! Court ru!ed again#t

i" #entencing i" o( i"'ri#on"ent o( (ro" 6 *ear# and 10 "ont# to ten *ear#, and ana"ount 0( P200,000.00 (or "ora! da"age#.

duardo a''ea!ed te deci#ion to te CA :ere e a!!eged tat e :a# not cri"ina!!* !iab!e (or

biga"* becau#e :en e "arried te 'riate co"'!ainant, e did #o in good (ait and :itout

an* "a!iciou# intent. Te CA ru!ed again#t te 'etitioner but :it "odi(ication on te RTC@#

deci#ion. +"'ri#on"ent :a# (ro" 2 *ear#, "ont# and 1 da* to ten *ear#. Pecuniar* re:ard

(or "ora! da"age# :a# a((ir"ed.

ence, ti# 'etition.

+##ue#&


15/34

a= 3eter or not te Court o( A''ea!# co""itted reer#ib!e error o( !a: :en it ru!ed tat

'etitioner@# :i(e cannot be !ega!!* 're#u"ed dead under Artic!e 790 o( te Cii! Code a# tere

:a# no )udicia! dec!aration o( 're#u"'tie deat a# 'roided (or under Artic!e 81 o( te $a"i!*

Code.

b= 3eter or not te Court o( A''ea!# co""itted reer#ib!e error o( !a: :en it a((ir"ed

te a:ard o( P'200,000.00 a# "ora! da"age# a# it a# no ba#i# in (act and in !a:.

Ru!ing&

Te 'etition i# denied (or !acB o( "erit. Te 'etitioner i# 're#u"ed to ae acted :it "a!ice

or ei! intent :en e "arried te 'riate co"'!ainant. A# a genera! ru!e, "i#taBe o( (act or

good (ait o( te accu#ed i# a a!id de(en#e in a 'ro#ecution (or a (e!on* b* do!o? #uc

de(en#e negate# "a!ice or cri"ina! intent. o:eer, ignorance o( te !a: i# not an eFcu#e

becau#e eer*one i# 're#u"ed to Bno: te !a:. +gnorantia !egi# ne"ine" eFcu#at. 3ere a

#'ou#e i# ab#ent (or te reui#ite 'eriod, te 're#ent #'ou#e "a* contract a #ub#euent

"arriage on!* a(ter #ecuring a )udg"ent dec!aring te 're#u"'tie deat o( te ab#ent#'ou#e to aoid being carged and conicted o( biga"*? te 're#ent #'ou#e :i!! ae to

adduce eidence tat e ad a :e!!-(ounded be!ie( tat te ab#ent #'ou#e :a# a!read* dead.

%uc )udg"ent i# 'roo( o( te good (ait o( te 're#ent #'ou#e :o contracted a #ub#euent

"arriage? tu#, een i( te 're#ent #'ou#e i# !ater carged :it biga"* i( te ab#entee #'ou#e

rea''ear#, e cannot be conicted o( te cri"e. Te court ru!e# again#t te 'etitioner.

Te Court ru!e# tat te 'etitioner@# co!!ectie act# o( (raud and deceit be(ore, during and a(ter

i# "arriage :it te 'riate co"'!ainant :ere :i!!(u!, de!iberate and :it "a!ice and cau#edin)ur* to te !atter. Te Court tu# dec!are# tat te 'etitioner@# act# are again#t 'ub!ic 'o!ic*

a# te* under"ine and #ubert te (a"i!* a# a #ocia! in#titution, good "ora!# and te intere#t

and genera! :e!(are o( #ociet*. ecau#e te 'riate co"'!ainant :a# an innocent icti" o( te

'etitioner@# 'er(id*, #e i# not barred (ro" c!ai"ing "ora! da"age#. Con#idering te attendant

circu"#tance# o( te ca#e, te Court (ind# te a:ard o( P200,000.00 (or "ora! da"age# to be

)u#t and rea#onab!e.

CA% NMR 17

RP+C O$ T P++PP+N% #. CRA%% . +4O4

.R. No. 1525 %e'te"ber 21, 2005

$act#&

Re#'ondent Cra#u# "arried $e!* on 16 /ece"ber 1961 at rad(ord Me"oria! Curc,

Jone# Aenue, Cebu Cit*. A# a re#u!t o( teir union, te* ad (ie ci!dren Cra#u#, Jr.,


16/34

/a'ne, /ebbie, Ca!ert, and Car!o# :o are no: a!! o( !ega! age#. A(ter te ce!ebration o(

teir "arriage, re#'ondent Cra#u# di#coered tat $e!* :a# Sot-te"'ered, a nagger and

eFtraagant.S +n 19H8, $e!* !e(t te Pi!i''ine# (or te nited %tate# o( A"erica


17/34

re#'ondent Cra#u# and $e!*, #uc "arriage being ce!ebrated on 16 /ece"ber 1961? and


18/34

te (ie#ta. e (ai!ed to (ind out ea@# :ereabout# de#'ite i# re'eated ta!B# :it Janet. A!an

decided to :orB a# a 'art-ti"e taFi drier. On June 20, 2001, A!an re'orted ea@#

di#a''earance to te !oca! 'o!ice #tation.

A(ter A!an re#ted i# ca#e, neiter te O((ice o( te Proincia! Pro#ecutor nor te %o!icitor

enera! adduced eidence in o''o#ition to te 'etition. On Januar* H, 2002, te court

rendered )udg"ent granting te 'etition.

+##ue&

3eter or not te Court o( A''ea!# erred in granting te 'etition.

Ru!ing&

Te 'etition i# "eritoriou#. Te #'ou#e 're#ent i#, tu#, burdened to 'roe tat i# #'ou#e

a# been ab#ent and tat e a# a :e!!-(ounded be!ie( tat te ab#ent #'ou#e i# a!read* deadbe(ore te 're#ent #'ou#e "a* contract a #ub#euent "arriage. Te !a: doe# not de(ine :at

i# "eant b* a :e!!-grounded be!ie(. e!ie( i# a #tate o( te "ind or condition 'ro"'ting te

doing o( an oert act. +t "a* be 'roed b* direct eidence or circu"#tantia! eidence :ic

"a* tend, een in a #!igt degree, to e!ucidate te inuir* or a##i#t to a deter"ination

'robab!* (ounded in trut. An* (act or circu"#tance re!ating to te caracter, abit#

condition#, attac"ent#, 'ro#'erit* and ob)ect# o( !i(e :ic u#ua!!* contro! te conduct o(

"en, and are te "otie# o( teir action#, :a#, #o (ar a# it tend# to eF'!ain or caracteriEe

teir di#a''earance or tro: !igt on teir intention#, co"'etence eidence on te u!ti"ate

ue#tion o( i# deat.

Te be!ie( o( te 're#ent #'ou#e "u#t be te re#u!t o( 'ro'er and one#t to goodne##

inuirie# and e((ort# to a#certain te :ereabout# o( te ab#ent #'ou#e and :eter te

ab#ent #'ou#e i# #ti!! a!ie or i# a!read* dead. 3eter or not te #'ou#e 're#ent acted on a

:e!!-(ounded be!ie( o( deat o( te ab#ent #'ou#e de'end# u'on te inuirie# to be dra:n

(ro" a great "an* circu"#tance# occurring be(ore and a(ter te di#a''earance o( te ab#ent

#'ou#e and te nature and eFtent o( te inuirie# "ade b* 're#ent #'ou#e.+n #u", te Court

(ind# and #o o!d# tat te re#'ondent (ai!ed to 'roe tat e ad a :e!!-(ounded be!ie(, be(ore

e (i!ed i# 'etition in te RTC, tat i# #'ou#e Ro#a!ia


19/34

$act#&

On Ju!* 2H, 195, duardo :a# "arried to Rub*!u# aa be(ore M#gr. $e!iciano %anto# in

MaBati, :ic :a# ten #ti!! a "unici'a!it* o( te Proince o( RiEa!.e "et te 'riate

co"'!ainant Tina . anda!era in /agu'an Cit* #o"eti"e in Januar* 1996. %e #ta*ed in

onuan, /agu'an Cit* (or t:o da*# !ooBing (or a (riend. Tina :a# ten 21 *ear# o!d, a

Co"'uter %ecretaria! #tudent, :i!e duardo :a# 79. A(ter:ard#, duardo :ent to aguio Cit*

to i#it er. entua!!*, a# one ting !ed to anoter, te* :ent to a "ote! :ere, de#'ite Tina@#re#i#tance, duardo #ucceeded in aing i# :a* :it er. duardo 'ro'o#ed "arriage on

#eera! occa#ion#, a##uring er tat e :a# #ing!e. duardo een brougt i# 'arent# to

aguio Cit* to "eet Tina@# 'arent#, and :a# a##ured b* te" tat teir #on :a# #ti!!

#ing!e.Tina (ina!!* agreed to "arr* duardo #o"eti"e in te (ir#t :eeB o( Marc 1996. Te*

:ere "arried on A'ri! 22, 1996 be(ore Judge Antonio C. Re*e#, te Pre#iding Judge o( te RTC

o( aguio Cit*, ranc 61. +t a''eared in teir "arriage contract tat duardo :a# S#ing!e.S

Te cou'!e :a# a''* during te (ir#t tree *ear# o( teir "arried !i(e. Troug teir )oint

e((ort#, te* :ere ab!e to bui!d teir o"e in C*'re## Point, +ri#an, aguio Cit*. o:eer,

#tarting 1999, Manue! #tarted "aBing i"#e!( #carce and :ent to teir ou#e on!* t:ice or

trice a *ear. Tina :a# )ob!e##, and :eneer #e a#Bed "one* (ro" duardo, e :ou!d #!a'

er.%o"eti"e in Januar* 2001, duardo tooB a!! i# c!ote#, !e(t, and did not return. 3or#e, e

#to''ed giing (inancia! #u''ort.

%o"eti"e in Augu#t 2001, Tina beca"e curiou# and "ade inuirie# (ro" te Nationa

%tati#tic# O((ice


20/34

Te 'etition i# denied (or !acB o( "erit.Te rea#on :* biga"* i# con#idered a (e!on* i# to

're#ere and en#ure te )uridica! tie o( "arriage e#tab!i#ed b* !a:.Te 'ra#e Sor be(ore te

ab#ent #'ou#e ad been dec!ared 're#u"'tie!* dead b* "ean# o( a )udg"ent rendered in te

'ro'er 'roceeding#S :a# incor'orated in te Rei#ed Pena! Code becau#e te dra(ter# o( te

!a: :ere o( te i"'re##ion tat Sin con#onance :it te cii! !a: :ic 'roide# (or te

're#u"'tion o( deat a(ter an ab#ence o( a nu"ber o( *ear#, te )udicia! dec!aration o(

're#u"ed deat !iBe annu!"ent o( "arriage #ou!d be a )u#ti(ication (or biga"*.S

$or te accu#ed to be e!d gui!t* o( biga"*, te 'ro#ecution i# burdened to 'roe te (e!on*&


21/34

.R. No. 16206 Noe"ber 1H, 2005

$act#&

On Ju!* 12, 1996, 'etitioner Jai"e $. i!!a!on (i!ed a 'etition (or te annu!"ent o( i# "arriage

to re#'ondent Ma. CoraEon N. i!!a!on be(ore te Regiona! Tria! Court o( Pa#ig Cit* :ere it

:a# docBeted a# J/RC No. 791 and ra((!ed to ranc 69. A# ground tere(or, 'etitioner citedi# '#*co!ogica! inca'acit* :ic e c!ai"ed eFi#ted een 'rior to i# "arriage.On

%e'te"ber 25, 1996, re#'ondent (i!ed an an#:erden*ing 'etitioner@# a!!egation#. %e a##erted

tat er 1H-*ear "arriage to 'etitioner a# been ;(ruit(u! and caracteriEed b* )o*, content"ent

and o'e# (or "ore gro:t in teir re!ation#i'> and tat teir "arita! #uabb!e# :ere nor"a!

ba#ed on co""unit* #tandard#. Petitioner@# #ucce## in i# 'ro(e##iona! !i(e aided i" in

'er(or"ing i# ro!e a# u#band, (ater, and 'roider. Re#'ondent c!ai"ed tat 'etitioner@#

co""it"ent to i# 'aterna! and "arita! re#'on#ibi!itie# :a# be*ond re'roac.

Petitioner 're#ented /r. Natiidad /a*an, a c!inica! '#*co!ogi#t, to te#ti(* on i# a!!eged

'#*co!ogica! di#order o( ;Narci##i#tic i#trionic Per#ona!it* /i#order> :it ;Ca#anoa

Co"'!eF>. /r. /a*an de#cribed te #aid di#order a# ;a 'era#ie "a!ada'tation in ter"# o(

inter'er#ona! and occu'ationa! (unctioning> :it "ain #*"'to"# o( ;grand ideation about

one#e!(, #e!(-centeredne##, tinBing e i# uniue and :anting to a!:a*# be te one (o!!o:ed

te + 'er#ona!it*.> A 'er#on a((!icted :it ti# di#order be!iee# tat e i# entit!ed to grati(* i#

e"otiona! and #eFua! (ee!ing# and tu# engage# in #eria! in(ide!itie#. iBe:i#e, a 'er#on :it

;Ca#anoa Co"'!eF> eFibit# abitua! adu!terou# beaior and goe# (ro" one re!ation#i' to

anoter.

Petitioner (i!ed a "otion (or recon#ideration o( te a''e!!ate court@# deci#ion :ic :a#

denied in an order dated October 2H, 2008. Tu#, 'etitioner tooB ti# recour#e under Ru!e 85

o( te Ru!e# o( Court, a##erting tat te Court o( A''ea!# erred in (inding tat e (ai!ed to

'roe i# '#*co!ogica! inca'acit* under Artic!e 76 o( te $a"i!* Code.

+##ue&

3eter or not te "arriage o( i!!a!on i# nu!! and oid on te ground# o( '#*co!ogica!

inca'acit* o( te u#band.

Ru!ing&

No, te tota!it* o( te eidence in ti# ca#e doe# not #u''ort a (inding tat 'etitioner i#

'#*co!ogica!!* inca'acitated to (u!(i!! i# "arita! ob!igation#. On te contrar*, :at i# eident

i# te (act tat 'etitioner :a# a good u#band to re#'ondent (or a #ub#tantia! 'eriod o( ti"e


22/34

'rior to teir #e'aration, a !oing (ater to teir ci!dren and a good 'roider o( te (a"i!*.

A!toug e engaged in "arita! in(ide!it* in at !ea#t t:o occa#ion#, te #a"e doe# not a''ear

to be #*"'to"atic o( a grae '#*co!ogica! di#order :ic rendered i" inca'ab!e o(

'er(or"ing i# #'ou#a! ob!igation#. Te #a"e a''ear# a# te re#u!t o( a genera!

di##ati#(action :it i# "arriage rater tan a '#*co!ogica! di#order rooted in 'etitioner@#

'er#ona! i#tor*. Te 'etition a# no "erit.

CA% NMR 1

N+CANOR T. %ANTO% #. CORT O$ APPA%, CON%AO T. %ANTO%-RRRO and

AN/R% RRRO

.R. No. 178H Noe"ber 15, 2005

$act#&

Petitioner Nicanor T. %anto# and 'riate re#'ondent Con#ue!o T. %anto#-uerrero are

broter and #i#ter, born to #'ou#e# rbano %anto# and Cande!aria %anto#, no: bot

decea#ed. %o"eti"e in 1956, Nicanor, Con#ue!o and eigt o( teir #ib!ing#, eFecuted a Sa#ic

Agree"ent o( PartitionS coering 'ro'ertie# te* inerited (ro" teir 'arent#.

T:o *ear# !ater, Con#ue!o, )oined b* er u#band, erein re#'ondent Andre# uerrero


23/34

in ti# ca#e contain# no #uc a!!egation. ut a co"'!aint oter:i#e de(ectie on tat #core

"a* be cured b* te introduction o( eidence e((ectie!* #u''!*ing te nece##ar* aer"ent#

o( a de(ectie co"'!aint.

CA% NMR 1H

MAR4 JO%P+N OM and N+A %OCORRO C. OM-%AC/O

#. RO, NO and JANNTT R4 %TA. +N% and +NAON %TA. +N%

.R. No. 17257 October 18, 2005

$act#&

Puri(icacion de!a CruE o"eE


24/34

nder 'reai!ing )uri#'rudence, it i# dee"ed con#tituted a# te (a"i!* o"e on!* u'on

te e((ectiit* o( te $a"i!* Code on Augu#t 7, 19HH. Te co"'!aint again#t Marietta :a#

in#tituted in 19H6 to (or act# co""itted a# ear!* a# 19, tu#, er !iabi!it* aro#e *ear# be(ore

te !eied 'ro'ert* :a# con#tituted a# te (a"i!* o"e in 19HH. Te !iabi!it* incurred b*

Marietta (a!!# :itin te eFce'tion 'roided (or in Artic!e 155 o( te $a"i!* Code& debt#

incurred 'rior to te con#titution o( te (a"i!* o"e.

CA% NMR 19

RAR/O . CONCPC+ON #. CORT O$ APPA%, et a!.

.R. No. 127850 Augu#t 71, 2005

$act#&

erardo . Conce'cion and Ma. Tere#a A!"onte:ere "arried on /ece"ber 29, 19H9. A *ear

!ater, te* begot Jo#e erardo. On /ece"ber 19, 1991, erardo (i!ed a 'etition to annu! i#

"arriage to Ma. Tere#a on te ground o( biga"*. Ti# :a# becau#e it :a# (ound out tat Ma.

Tere#a ad a!read* "arried a Mario o'iao nine *ear# be(ore teir "arriage. %uc "arriage

o( Ma. Tere#a to Mario :a# neer annu!!ed. Te tria! court ru!ed tat erardo and Ma.

Tere#a@# "arriage :a# biga"ou# and tat er "arriage to Mario i# a!id and #ub#i#ting. +t

dec!ared te ci!d a# being i!!egiti"ate. Te Court o( A''ea!# a((ir"ed te !o:er court@#

deci#ion but on a''ea!, reer#ed it# ru!ing and e!d tat Jo#e erardo :a# not te #on o( Ma.

Tere#a b* erardo but b* Mario during er (ir#t "arriage.

+##ue#&

a= 3eter or not te ci!d born out o( a biga"ou# "arriage i# con#idered !egiti"ate.

b= 3eter or not erardo cou!d a##ai! Jo#e erardo@# !egiti"ac*.

Ru!ing&

4e#, a ci!d born out o( a biga"ou# "arriage i# con#idered !egiti"ate. Te !egiti"ac* :ou!d

co"e (ro" te a!idit* o( te (ir#t "arriage and not on te biga"ou# "arriage (or tat

biga"ou# "arriage i# oid (ro" te er* beginning


25/34

i!!egiti"ate ci!d o( te oid and non-eFi#tent "arriage@ bet:een Ma. Tere#a and

erardo.Te #tatu# and (i!iation o( a ci!d cannot be co"'ro"i#ed. Artic!e 168 o( te $a"i!*

Code i# c!ear. A ci!d :o i# conceied or born during te "arriage o( i# 'arent# i#

!egiti"ate.

A# a guarant* in (aor o( te ci!d and to 'rotect i# #tatu# o( !egiti"ac*, Artic!e 16 o( te

$a"i!* Code 'roide# tat te ci!d #a!! be con#idered !egiti"ate a!toug te "oter "a*

ae dec!ared again#t it# !egiti"ac* or "a* ae been #entenced a# an adu!tere##.

No, erardo i# not in a 'o#ition to a##ai! Jo#e erardo@# !egiti"ac*. e a# no #tanding in !a:

to di#'ute te #tatu# o( Jo#e erardo. On!* Ma. Tere#a@# u#band Mario or, in a 'ro'er ca#e,

i# eir#, :o can conte#t te !egiti"ac* o( te ci!d Jo#e erardo born to i# :i(e.+"'ugning

te !egiti"ac* o( a ci!d i# a #trict!* 'er#ona! rigt o( te u#band or, in eFce'tiona! ca#e#, i#

eir#. %ince te "arriage o( erardo and Ma. Tere#a :a# oid (ro" te er* beginning? e

neer beca"e er u#band and tu# neer acuired an* rigt to i"'ugn te !egiti"ac* o( er

ci!d.

CA% NMR 20

N %AA/ AN% #. A+ ;CORAON> AN% MAA4A

.R. No. 1579H %e'te"ber 2, 2005

$act#&

$ranci#co M. Ange!e# died inte#tate on Januar* 21, 199H in te Cit* o( Mani!a, !eaing beind

(our 'arce!# o( !and and a bui!ding, a"ong oter a!uab!e 'ro'ertie#. Re#'ondent A!e!i c!ai"#

tat #e i# te #o!e !egiti"ate ci!d o( te decea#ed and enoea Mercado, and, togeter

:it 'etitioner, e!en %. Ange!e#, decedent@# :i(e b* i# #econd "arriage, are te #uriing

eir# o( te decedent. $or ti# "atter, re#'ondent 'ra*# tat #e be "ade ad"ini#tratriF o(

$ranci#co@# e#tate. Petitioner e!en o''o#ed re#'ondent@# c!ai", a!!eging tat te re#'ondent

cou!d not be te daugter o( $ranci#co (or, a!toug #e :a# recorded a# $ranci#co@#

!egiti"ate daugter, te corre#'onding birt certi(icate :a# not #igned b* i". e!en

'etitioner (urter a!!eged tat re#'ondent, de#'ite er c!ai" o( being te !egiti"ate ci!d o(

$ranci#co and enoea Mercado, a# not 're#ented te "arriage contract bet:een er

#u''o#ed 'arent# or 'roduced an* acce'tab!e docu"ent to 'roe #uc union.

+##ue&

3eter or not re#'ondent A!e!i cou!d a!id!* c!ai" tat #e i# te !egiti"ate daugter o(

$ranci#co Ange!e#.


26/34

Ru!ing&

No, re#'ondent@# !egiti"ac* :a# i"'ugned, and (or (ai!ing to e#tab!i# te 're#u"'tion o( er

!egiti"ac*, #e cou!d not a!id!* c!ai" tat #e i# te !egiti"ate ci!d o( te decea#ed. Te

're#u"'tion o( !egiti"ac* under Artic!e 168 o( te $a"i!* Code "a* be aai!ed on!* u'on

conincing 'roo( o( te (actua! ba#i#- tat te ci!d@# 'arent# :ere !ega!!* "arried and tat

i#Der conce'tion or birt occurred during te #ub#i#tence o( tat "arriage. +n te ca#e at

bar, re#'ondent (ai!ed to 'roe #uc !ega! "arriage o( er 'arent#, (or #e (ai!ed to #o: an*

"arriage certi(icate or "arriage contract. %e (ai!ed to 're#ent an* 'rie#t, )udge, "a*or, or

oter #o!e"niEing autorit* to te :itne## boF to dec!are tat e #o!e"niEed te "arriage

bet:een er 'arent#. C!ear!*, tere(ore, re#'ondent cou!d not be e#ted :it te !ega!

're#u"'tion o( !egiti"ac* :ic, a# aboe eF'!ained, #ou!d (!o: (ro" a !a:(u! "arriage

bet:een $ranci#co and eneoa.

Artic!e 12 o( te $a"i!* Code 'roide# tat te !egiti"ate (i!iation o( a ci!d can bee#tab!i#ed b* an* o( te "ode# terein de(ined een :itout direct eidence o( te "arriage

o( i#Der #u''o#ed 'arent#. ut re#'ondent (ai!ed to 'roe er !egiti"ac* een in ti# a#'ect.

Re#'ondent 're#ented, in #u''ort o( er c!ai" o( !egiti"ac*, a co'* o( er irt Certi(icate

dated Noe"ber 27, 1979 i##ued b* te Cii! Regi#trar o( te Cit* o( Mani!a. ut #uc birt

certi(icate :a# not #igned b* er 'utatie (ater. Juri#'rudence teace# tat a birt certi(icate,

to be con#idered a# a!idating 'roo( o( 'aternit* and a# an in#tru"ent o( recognition, "u#t be

#igned b* te (ater and "oter )oint!*, or b* te "oter a!one i( te (ater re(u#e#.

CA% NMR 21

+N R& A/OPT+ON O$ %TPAN+ ARC+A

.R. No. 18H711 Marc 71, 2005

$act#&

onorato . Catindig (i!ed a 'etition to ado't i# "inor i!!egiti"ate ci!d %te'anie A#torga

arcia. e aerred tat %te'anie :a# born on June 26, 1998? tat %te'anie ad been u#inger "oter@# "idd!e na"e and #urna"e? and tat e i# no: a :ido:er and ua!i(ied to be er

ado'ting 'arent. e 'ra*ed tat %te'anie@# "idd!e na"e be canged to arcia, er "oter@#

#urna"e, and tat er #urna"e ;arcia> be canged to ;Catindig> i# #urna"e.

Te RTC granted te 'etition (or ado'tion, and ordered tat 'ur#uant to artic!e 1H9 o( te

$a"i!* Code, te "inor #a!! be Bno:n a# %te'anie Nat* Catindig. onorato (i!ed a "otion

(or c!a##i(ication andDor recon#ideration 'ra*ing tat %te'anie be a!!o:ed to u#e te #urna"e


27/34

o( er natura! "oter


28/34

Te )udge i##ued te a##ai!ed order reer#ing er 'reiou# order, and ti# ti"e a:arded

te cu#tod* o( te ci!d to te "oter. $inding tat te rea#on #tated b* Cri#anto not to be a

co"'e!!ing rea#on a# 'roided in Art 217 o( te $a"i!* Code.

+##ue&

3eter or not te cu#tod* o( te "inor ci!d #ou!d be a:arded to te "oter.

Ru!ing&

Artic!e 217 o( te $a"i!* Code 'roided& ;Art 217. +n ca#e o( #e'aration o( 'arent#

'arenta! autorit* #a!! be eFerci#ed b* te 'arent de# granted b* te court. Te court #a!!

taBe into account a!! re!eant con#ideration, e#'ecia!!* te coice o( te ci!d oer #een

*ear# o( age, un!e## te 'arent co#en i# un(it.> No ci!d under #een *r# o( age #a!! be#e'arated (ro" te "oter un!e## te court (ind# co"'e!!ing rea#on# to order oter:i#e,>

Ti# Court a# e!d tat :en te 'arent# #e'arated, !ega!!* or oter:i#e, te (oregoing

'roi#ion goern# te cu#tod* o( teir ci!d. Artic!e 217 taBe# it# bearing (ro" Artic!e 767 o(

te Cii! Code, :ic read#& ;Art 767. +n a!! ue#tion on te care, cu#tod*, education and

'ro'ert* '( ci!dren, te !atter :e!(are #a!! be 'ara"ount. No "oter #a!! be #e'arated (ro"

er ci!d under #een *ear# o( age, un!e## te court (ind# co"'e!!ing rea#on (or #uc

"ea#ure.>

CA% NMR 27

N4P%, T A. #. CORT O$ APPA%

.R. No. 181528, %e'te"ber 18, 2005


29/34

eir# o( de! Mundo, ba#ed on 're#cri'tion, :a# a!#o denied. On $ebruar* 12, 199H te tria!

court di#"i##ed te 'etitioner#@ co"'!aint on te ground o( 're#cri'tion. Petitioner# a!!eged!*

receied te order o( di#"i##a! on Marc 7, 199H and, on te 15t da* or on Marc 1H, 199H,

(i!ed a "otion (or recon#ideration.

On Ju!* 1, 199H, te tria! court i##ued anoter order di#"i##ing te "otion (or recon#ideration

:ic 'etitioner# receied on Ju!* 22, 199H. $ie da*# !ater, on Ju!* 2, 199H, 'etitioner# (i!ed

a notice o( a''ea! and 'aid te a''ea! (ee# on Augu#t 7, 199H. On Augu#t 8, 199H, te CA

denied te notice o( a''ea!, o!ding tat it :a# (i!ed eigt da*# !ate. Ti# :a# receied b*

'etitioner# on Ju!* 71, 199H. Petitioner# (i!ed a "otion (or recon#ideration but ti# too :a#

denied in an order dated %e'te"ber 7, 199H.

+%%& /id te CA err in ru!ing tat te 'etitioner#@ Notice o( A''ea! :a# (i!ed out o( ti"e

R+N& Te %C ru!ed in (aor o( te 'etitioner#. To #tandardiEe te a''ea! 'eriod# 'roided

in te Ru!e# and to a((ord !itigant# (air o''ortunit* to a''ea! teir ca#e#, te Court dee"# it

'ractica! to a!!o: a (re# 'eriod o( 15 da*# :itin :ic to (i!e te notice o( a''ea! in te

Regiona! Tria! Court, counted (ro" recei't o( te order di#"i##ing a "otion (or a ne: tria! or

"otion (or recon#ideration. ence(ort, ti# ;(re# 'eriod ru!e> #a!! a!#o a''!* to Ru!e 80

goerning a''ea!# (ro" te Munici'a! Tria! Court# to te Regiona! Tria! Court#? Ru!e 82 on

'etition# (or reie: (ro" te Regiona! Tria! Court# to te Court o( A''ea!#? Ru!e 87 on a''ea!#

(ro" ua#i-)udicia! agencie# to te Court o( A''ea!# and Ru!e 85 goerning a''ea!# b*

certiorari to te %u're"e Court. Te ne: ru!e ai"# to regi"ent or "aBe te a''ea! 'erioduni(or", to be counted (ro" recei't o( te order den*ing te "otion (or ne: tria!, "otion (or

recon#ideration


30/34

%PO%% Q % CA

.R. No. 15079, Augu#t 1H, 2005

$act#&

Re#'ondent Arrieta (i!ed a co"'!aint again#t te #'ou#e# Que and Ade!a rian (or teannu!"ent o( a uit c!ai" oer a !ot #e inerited (ro" er grand(ater. A(ter 'etitioner#

receied te co"'!aint togeter :it te #u""on#e#, te* ired te #erice# o( Att*. Ranot.

o:eer, Att*. Ranot (ai!ed to (i!e 'etitioner#@ An#:er. Tere(ore, re#'ondent "oed to dec!are

'etitioner# in de(au!t. On!* rian a''eared during te earing o( re#'ondent@# "otion and e

a!#o "ani(e#ted tat Att*. Ranot :a# #ti!! 're'aring te An#:er. Re#'ondent 're#ented er

eidence eF 'arte, and te ca#e :a# #ub"itted (or )udg"ent. Te uit c!ai" :a# dec!ared nu!!

and oid. Te 'etitioner# "oed (or recon#ideration or a ne: tria! on te ground tat tere

:a# "i#taBe and (raud a# te* :ere a!!eged!* under te i"'re##ion tat teir !a:*er ad

're'ared and (i!ed te nece##ar* '!eading. Te tria! court di#"i##ed teir "otion and #o did

te Court o( A''ea!# :en te* a''ea!ed.

+##ue&

3eter or not te Court o( A''ea!# erred in di#"i##ing 'etitioner#@ 'etition.

Ru!ing&

Te 'etition a# no "erit.

nder %ection 1, Ru!e 7H o( te Ru!e# o( Court, te court "a* grant re!ie( (ro" )udg"ent on!*

;:en a )udg"ent or (ina! order i# entered, or an* oter 'roceeding i# taBen again#t a 'art* in

an* court troug (raud, accident, "i#taBe, or eFcu#ab!e neg!igence.> ecau#e te* :ere

a!!eged!* under te i"'re##ion tat Att*. Ranot ad 're'ared and (i!ed te nece##ar* '!eading,

'etitioner#, in teir 'etition (or re!ie( (ro" )udg"ent in te tria! court, a!!eged tat )udg"ent

:a# entered again#t te" troug ;"i#taBe or (raud.> o:eer, tat i# not te (raud or

"i#taBe conte"'!ated under %ection 1, Ru!e 7H o( te Ru!e# o( Court. ;Mi#taBe,> under

%ection 1 o( Ru!e 7H, re(er# to "i#taBe o( (act, not o( !a:, :ic re!ate# to te ca#e. ;$raud,>

on te oter and, "u#t be eFtrin#ic or co!!atera!, te Bind :ic 'reented te aggrieed'art* (ro" aing a tria! or 're#enting i# ca#e to te court. Obiou#!*, 'etitioner#@ "i#taBen

a##u"'tion tat Att*. Ranot ad attended to i# 'ro(e##iona! dutie# i# neiter "i#taBe nor

(raud.

Moreoer, under %ection 1, ;neg!igence> "u#t be eFcu#ab!e and genera!!* i"'utab!e to

te 'art* becau#e i( it i# i"'utab!e to te coun#e!, it i# binding on te c!ient. To (o!!o: a

contrar* ru!e and a!!o: a 'art* to di#o:n i# coun#e!@# conduct :ou!d render 'roceeding#

inde(inite, tentatie, and #ub)ect to reo'ening b* te "ere #ubter(uge o( re'!acing coun#e!.


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3at te aggrieed !itigant #ou!d do i# #eeB ad"ini#tratie #anction# again#t te erring

coun#e! and not a#B (or te reer#a! o( te court@# ru!ing.

+n ti# ca#e, te Court a# re!aFed te ru!e on te binding e((ect o( coun#e!@# neg!igence

and a!!o:ed a !itigant anoter cance to 're#ent i# ca#e ba#ed on te (o!!o:ing in#tance#&

;


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a= 3eter or not te O"bud#"an@# /e'utie# are i"'eacab!e.

b= 3eter or not te /e'ut* O"bud#"an "a* be e!d cri"ina!!* andDor ad"ini#tratie!*

!iab!e.

Ru!ing&

Order o( te CA i# reer#ed and #et a#ide. Te co"'!aint# in Cri"ina! Ca#e No.OM-0-00-0616

and Ad"ini#tratie Ca#e No. OM-A/M-0-00-0716 i# rein#tated and te O((ice o( te

O"bud#"an i# ordered to 'roceed :it te ine#tigation re!atie to te aboe ca#e#. Te

/e'ut* O"bud#"an i# not an i"'eacab!e o((icer. %ec. 2, Artic!e + o( te 19H Con#titution

#tate# tat ;Te Pre#ident, te ice- Pre#ident, te "e"ber# o( te %u're"e Court, te

"e"ber# o( te Con#titutiona! Co""i##ion# and te O"bud#"an "a* be re"oed (ro"

o((ice, on i"'eac"ent (or, and coniction o(, cu!'ab!e io!ation o( te Con#titution, trea#on,

briber*, gra(t and corru'tion, oter ig cri"e#, or betra*a! o( 'ub!ic tru#t. A!! oter 'ub!ic

o((icer# and e"'!o*ee# "a* be re"oed (ro" O((ice a# 'roided b* !a:, but not b*

i"'eac"ent>.

Record# o( te Con#titutiona! Co""i##ion, a# :e!! a# te o'inion# o( !eading co""entator#

in Con#titutiona! a: reea! tat te ter" O"bud#"an in %ec. 2, Artic!e + o( te 19H

Con#titution re(er to te ranB in it#e!(. Te O"bud#"an i# on!* one "an, not inc!uding i#

/e'utie#. eading !ega! !u"inarie# on te Con#titution are one in teir o'inion a# to :eter

or not te /e'ut* O"bud#"an i# i"'eacab!e. A!! o( te" agree tat te enu"eration

i"'eacab!e o((icer# in %ection 2, Artic!e + o( te 19H6 Con#titution, are eFc!u#ie. +n teir

be!ie(, on!* te O"bud#"an, not i# de'utie#, i# i"'eacab!e. Tu#, :ere te i##ue ino!ed:a# not rai#ed nor 're#ented to te court and not 'a##ed u'on b* te court in te 'reiou#

ca#e, te deci#ion in te 'reiou# ca#e i# not #tare deci#i# o( te ue#tion 're#ented.

Cri"ina! and Ad"ini#tratie iabi!it* o( /e'ut* O"bud#"an A# to :eter or not te 'riate

re#'ondent, ten /e'ut* O"bud#"an (or te i#a*a#, "a* be e!d cri"ina!!* andDor

ad"ini#tratie!* !iab!e, :e !iBe:i#e re#o!e te i##ue in (aor o( te 'etitioner. Te ru!e tat an

i"'eacab!e o((icer cannot be cri"ina!!* 'ro#ecuted (or te #a"e o((en#e# :ic con#titute

ground# (or i"'eac"ent 're#u''o#e# i# continuance in o((ice. ence, te "o"ent e i# no

!onger in o((ice becau#e o( i# re"oa!, re#ignation, or 'er"anent di#abi!it*, tere can be no

bar to i# cri"ina! 'ro#ecution in te court#. Nor doe# retire"ent bar an ad"ini#tratie

ine#tigation (ro" 'roceeding again#t te 'riate re#'ondent, gien tat, a# 'ointed out b*

te 'etitioner, te (or"er@# retire"ent bene(it# ae been '!aced on o!d in ie: o( te

'roi#ion# o( %ection# 12 and 17 o( te Anti-ra(t and Corru't Practice# Act.

CA% NMR 26


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OT N+O #. R4%

R. No. 158259 $ebruar* 2H, 2005

$act#&

Ti# ca#e i# a 'etition (or reie: on certiorari regarding te reer#ing deci#ion o( te Court o(A''ea!# in te deci#ion o( te Tria! Court and tu#, "aBing te 'etitioner# !iab!e (or da"age#

troug te abu#ie conduct o( 'etitioner i", i"'o#ing u'on te" P200,000 a# eFe"'!ar*

da"age#, P200,000 a# "ora! da"age#, and P10,000 a# attorne*@# (ee#.

P!ainti(( Roberto Re*e#


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00 logic cases for writing

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