ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ...

26
!"#!˙ %&"’( )*+,- ,(´ )("’./0 Æ!" ªˇ !#$ ¡ 5 ¡ !%&’!( 1394 ¡ 25 - 1 Quarterly Journal of Training & Development of Human Resources Vol.2, No 5, 2015, 1-25 !"˙#$ %&’( ’)*" #"´ ˇ #"´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( +/0+0 1"23 456 +7 ’89 1:87 ˙ +( ˙’;< +=>.˙ˇ %5?$ Æ2" ˙ ˇ+@-& #-A#7 !"+˙12 3.4"&˙ 1 "56 "56 ,7 2 8"0 9:( ˇ˙ 3 * :)*!+ˇ ,+!(. 17 / 12 / 1393 :0+68 ,+!( ” 21 / ;4 / 1394 < 9;<= =>˙?@ A"0’ BC !’ 0D!E FCG8 0HI> 0JK !LM!M NJ’ ˇ ?>´ Æ!O%P˙ 0’ )QJC ˙0R( !STP˙ˇ A#U@ !>´ VW>!X Y)"˙ B$ ª!ZP˙ ˙0R( !STP˙ˇ !LM!M VJUM [JO\( N+˙ AP!LM!M ˇ?’ Æ!" Æ˙ VC!> F$ A] VM 1392 ˇ ˇ !C ´ ?> ˇ0M )M0$ !>!" N+˙ )>B^ N#D BP˙ ¡ ˙?L@ V’ VP?#P B$ ¨!_%P˙ VP?#P YBP˙ ˇ?> ˙0’ VW‘!a> 0 291 ˇ0b )RX YB$ V%*0b 0cP ˇ 0dP ˇ˙ˇ ´ V>!LT"08 ˙ !C 51 ‘˙I" > A ?%‘?C ÆB V>!LT"08. LTSI < AU>!@ =JU\( [+0] ˙ ˙e’˙ N+˙ A+˙ Y)"˙ B$ ˇ!d%"˙ BJ+f( !’ ´ A+!+!8 ˙ !d‘´ ˙ ˇ!d%" YB+ˇ0b Vg"!\> ˛!gP0M ˇ !> BLd"˙ ˇ V%*0b ˙0h A’!J$˙ ˇ?> i+0(!8 0M ˙ ˇ!d%"˙ !’ ?M6> !C 1392 ˙ ª?" VUE0> ˙0X˙ ˙ j8 ?>´ Æ!O%P˙ ˙eJ> ˇ?’ NJ+!8 B$ k_T> i+0(!8 0M ?S‘ ª?" VUE0>. <i+0(!8 0M ÆB> YB$ ˙0X˙ ?D?> N+˙ =U@ NJJW( )RX ?%‘?C ˙e’˙ ¡ V%*!+ !>´ =JU\( ?cL> V’ ˙ =l!E !C ˙0X˙ LTSI k^!$ ¡AdJl?( !>´ !C ?>´ t ?"0J8 AS%&g#C ˇ?> ˇ!d%"˙ *0b ˙0h ) Y +!%P VW‘!a> m ˙ AM!E ´ VM ˇ?’ ˙0R( !STP˙ˇ !LM!M NJ’ ˇ ˇ0* =>˙?@ 0HI> NJSP!J> n&M !’ ?>´ Æ!O%P˙ 0’ op / 2 V’ ’ ˇ A‘?#W> qP!> ˙?L@ AP!>!" =>˙?@ ¡?>´ Æ!O%P˙ 0’˙0 NJSP!J> !’ 47 / 3 ’ A$?>´ =>˙?@ A‘?#W> qP!> ! NJSP!J> ;7 / 3 ˙ A‘?#W> qP!> eJP A> ¨?&\> Æ!O%P YBP?$ ˙ 9;.> "? @ ?%‘?C ÆB> ¡A$?>´ =>˙?@ ¡AP!>!" =>˙?@ ¡ˇ0* =>˙?@ ¡?>´ Æ!O% 1 - !+ˇ!%"˙ ª?U@ A%J’0( V>!P0’ F+˙0b ¡ ª?U@ 0b ¡A‘!@ ?>´ VW"?( e+ A%J’0( ª?U@ BrTP˙ˇ ¡A%J’0( A"!LTP˙ ¡ ¡A%TR’ BJR$ !STP˙ˇ ˙0+˙ ¡˙0R( Y 2 - A%J’0( ª?U@ !JTP˙ˇ rTP˙ˇ ¡ A%J’0( ª?U@ 0b ¡AP!&P˙ q’!L> )+0+B> F+˙0b ¡ A%J’0( ª?U@ B A"!LTP˙ ¡ ¡˙0R( ¡A+!g]!g] V>s@ !STP˙ˇ ˙0+˙ Y *3 - ˙0%Mˇ ?ZTP˙ˇ F+˙0b ¡A%J’0( ª?U@ A$?>´ )+0+B> ¡A%J’0( ª?U@ 0b ¡ ˙0+˙ ¡˙0R( ¡A%TR’ BJR$ !STP˙ˇ :˚!g(!r> Æ?Q&> ¡ [email protected]

Upload: others

Post on 23-Aug-2020

7 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

!"#!Ç$%&"'($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(Â$)("'./0

á!"ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 ¡25-1 Quarterly Journal of Training & Development of

Human Resources Vol.2, No 5, 2015, 1-25

!"Ç#$ %&Ñ'(')*" ÔÒ#"Â ÑÏ ÔÒ#"Â á+,-.Ç '( ä+/0Ñ+0 1"23 456 í+7

'891:87 Ç +( äÇ';< å+=>.ÇÏ %5?$ á2" ÒÇ åÏ+@-&ä#-A#7

$

$ !"+Ç12$3.4"&Ç1$

Ó"56$Ó"56$Ñ,72 $

8"0æ$í9:($åÏÇÒ3*

:)*!+ÑÏ ,+Ñ!(.17/12/1393 :Ô0+68 ,+Ñ!( º21/;4/1394<$

$

å9;<=$

=>Ç?@ A"Ñ0' ÝBC !' 0D!E FCæG80HI> 0JK ä!LMÑ!M NJ' ÑÏ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' )QJC äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ A#U@

íÑ!> VW>!X Y)"Ç åB$ ã!ZPÇ äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ ä!LMÑ!M VJUM [JO\( N+ÇAP!LMÑ!M æ åÏ?' á!" áæÇ VC!> F$ A] VM

1392 åÑæÏ ÑÏ í!CÂÒ?>åÏ0M )M0$ ä!>Ò!" N+Ç )>B^ N#D Ô BPÇ¡ äÇ?L@ V'VP?#P åB$ È!_%PÇ VP?#P YBPÇ ÏÑ?>

Ç0' VW`!a>' 0291 Ï0b )RX YB$ V%*0b 0cP ÑÏ 0dPåÏÇÏ íÑæ V>!LT"08 ÒÇ !C51 `ÇI"> Aä?%`?C áB V>!LT"08.

LTSI< AU>!@ =JU\( [+0] ÒÇ ÑÇe'Ç N+Ç A+ÇæÑ Y)"Ç åB$ åÏ!d%"ÇBJ+f( !' ä A+!+!8 æ íÇ í!d` ÔæÑ ÒÇ åÏ!d%"

YB+Ï0b Vg"!\> Î!gPæ0M åÑæÏ å!> BLd"Ç ÑÏ æ V%*0b ÑÇ0h A'!J$ÒÑÇ ÏÑ?> i+0(!8 ß0M ÔæÑ ÒÇ åÏ!d%"Ç !' Ñ?M6> í!C

1392 Ç ã?" VUE0> íÇ0XÇ ÒÇ j8ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ äÇeJ> äÏ?' NJ+!8 äB$ k_T> æ i+0(!8 ß0M í?S` ã?" VUE0>.

<i+0(!8 ß0M áB>YB$ Ç0XÇ Ú?D?> N+Ç =U@ NJJW( )RX ä?%`?C ÑÇe'Ç ¡ V%*!+ íÑ!> =JU\( Ñ?cL> V' ÒÇ =l!E í!C

íÇ0XÇLTSI k^!$ ¡AdJl?( Ñ!> í!C ä?>ÒÂt ä?"0J8 AS%&g#C æ ÏÑ?> åÏ!d%"Ç*0b ÑÇ0h)Y +!%P VW`!a> m

ÒÇ AM!EÂVM Ï?' ä äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ ä!LMÑ!M NJ' ÑÏ íÏ0* =>Ç?@0HI> NJSP!J> n&M !' ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'op/2 V'

' ÑÏ A`?#W> qP!> äÇ?L@AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@ ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0 NJSP!J> !'47/3 ' A$Ò?> =>Ç?@ æ A`?#W> qP!> !

NJSP!J>;7/3 Ç A`?#W> qP!> eJPA> È?&\> á!O%P YBP?$

å�Çæ$í9;.>$í"?@ PÇä?%`?C áB> ¡A$Ò?> =>Ç?@ ¡AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@ ¡íÏ0* =>Ç?@ ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%

1- Ñ!+Ï!%"Çã?U@ A%J'0(V>!P0' F+Ç0b ¡ ã?U@ åæ0b ¡A`!@ ÔÒ?> VW"?( íe+Ñ A%J'0( ã?U@ åBrTPÇÏ ¡A%J'0( A"!LTPÇæÑ æ¡ ¡A%TR' BJR$ å!STPÇÏ

äÇ0+Ç ¡äÇ0R(Y 2- A%J'0( ã?U@ Ñ!JTPÇÏrTPÇÏ ¡ A%J'0( ã?U@ åæ0b ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> )+0+B> F+Ç0b ¡A%J'0( ã?U@ åB A"!LTPÇæÑ æ¡ ¡äÇ0R( ¡A+!g]!g] V>s@ å!STPÇÏ

äÇ0+ÇY *3- íÇ0%MÏ í?ZTPÇÏ F+Ç0b ¡A%J'0( ã?U@A$Ò?> )+0+B>¡A%J'0( ã?U@ åæ0b ¡ äÇ0+Ç ¡äÇ0R( ¡A%TR' BJR$ å!STPÇÏ:Ê!g(!r> á?Q&> ¡

[email protected]

Page 2: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 2

AB$)(9C($

?( Ï?Xæ !'V>!P0' æ ÔÒ?> V' Ï!+Ò Ñ!J&' VX ÒÇ AM!E åB$ ã!ZPÇ Ê!W`!a> A$Ò?> í!C äÂ

V>!P0' N+Ç ÒÇ íÑ!J&' VM )"Ç _'0HÇ !C[JhÏ ä!J' V' YBPÑÇBP ÇÑ ãÒu AT 0' æ 0( Ê!W`!a> Ó!"Ç

>!P0' NJLv ÑÏ V%*0b ÊÑ?lV ÊÑ!R> á!O%PÇ A+!C V%^?> í!C ÒÇ Ar+ äÇ?L@ V' Ñ!M wJ\> V' åB$

xR> k^!$ N+0( V>!P0' AT_'0HÇ í!C > í!CA> ÊÑ?l A#M Ñ!J&' äÇeJ> V' A$Ò? YÏ0Jb

FCæG8 )"Ç ä ÒÇ AM!E åB$ ã!ZPÇ í!C ÏæBE !RL( VM4; V%^?> ÒÇ BlÑÏ ä!LMÑ!M í!C ÑÏ

V>!P0' ÔÒ?>Â ÒÇ j8 VUl!*s' A$Ò?>Â í!CA> á!O%PÇ Ñ!M wJ\> V' ÒÇ j8 YBL'!+o ÑÇBO> N+Ç å!>

V'25 ' æ BlÑÏ V' á!&r+ )$6b !15 A> FC!M BlÑÏ )$6b !' VM )"!LW> äÇB' N+Ç YB'!+

YBL%&JP åB$ V%^?> Ê!@s]Ç í0JbÑ!r' æ ydE V' ÑÏ!h äÇÒ?>ÂÑ!M ä!>Ò(Ç 0SP!J' Ú?D?> N+Ç Ýs

åB#@ F_' VL+eC æ ä!>Ò ÒÇ íÇ ÑÏ åB$ Ý0l í!C V>!P0' VM VrP á!E Y)"Ç A$Ò?> í!C

A' å0R' V>Òu i$ íÑÇÏ0' ä!>Ò!" 0%TJ' Vv 0C V+!>0" ÒÇ !C Ç6b í0JbÑ!r' ÔÒ?> F_' ÑÏ íÑ

V%^?>Â ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ . Ñ!M wJ\> ÑÏ ä!LMÑ!M w"?( !C<1 A> YB$!'Ñ?TM ÑÏ ä!>Ò!" eJP !> í!C

?bVL+eC ä?b!P ä!LMÑ!M ÔÒ?>Â Ý0l ÇÑ ALJSL" í!CA> Ï?^ YBLLMA' AUlÇ Ö0* FJ8 i$

VL+eC NJLv Ý0l A+!Cä ÔÒ?> VM )"ÇÑ!MíÒ!&R' V' 0ZL> ä!LM íÏ0* Ï0rU#@2 æ

AP!>Ò!"3 B$ BCÇ?^[O\( V%g`Ç Y V%^?> á!O%PÇ V' Øæ0T> 0>Ç N+Ç åÑæÏ ÒÇ !C V' A$Ò?> í!C

A> Ñ!M wJ\> ÑÏ YB$!' 0C á!O%PÇ í!%"ÇÑ V%^?> 0%TJ' Vv !C Ñ!M wJ\> V' íÇ0' A"!"Ç Ú?D?>

AWPÇ?> NJJW( AP!&PÇ q'!L> åÒ?E äÇ0STCæG84 PÇ VM )"Ç )\( ÇÑ ÔÒ?> á!O%0JHf( ÑÇ0h

A> ÇÑ 0" 0' Ï?X?> qPÇ?> NJJW( YBLCÏå ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ¡ A> ÑÏ!h ÇÑ AP!&PÇ q'!L> ä!tt_%> ÏÒ!"

Ç )JO*?> æ )&r$ =U@ !(!O%P á' ÇÑ ä!>Ò!" ÑÏ ÔÒ?>ÂV YBLLM k_T> æ ßÑÏ A'?^ å!STPÇÏ

�Ñe' æ N+0(0g%W> äÇ?L@ V' äÇ0R( Ý0l ÇÑ A%dSLC z`!g> VPu!" VP!J>Ñæ!^ å!STPÇÏ N+0( ÔÒ?>Â

A> Ï?^ ä!LMÑ!M íÒ?>ÂÒ!' æ ÑÏ eX ¡å!STPÇÏ N+Ç ÑÏ Ø?'0> NJ`?Q&> ä!@ÐÇ V' á!E N+Ç !' YBLM

BW> ÏÑÇ?> =J`Ï V' æ ÏæV%^?>Â á!#@Ç ÊÑæ0D ¡!Cðs{> iJPæ0%r`Ç VP!>!" i+ ÑÇ0O%"Ç ÏÑ?> ÑÏ

ÔÒ?>Â ÏÑÇ?> nUKÇ ÑÏ ¡B+BX !E ÑÏ N+Ç YBPÑÇBP A8 ÑÏ ÇÑ APÇBLv Ñ!%*Ñ 0JJ|( !C VM )"Ç A`

åÑæÏ AEÇ0] æ AZL"Ò!JP > í!CA> ÊÑ?l Nr#> =r$ N+0%R' V' A$Ò? YÏ0Jb áÇI" Ñ!J&'

ÑÏ VM A#R>A> Í0a> !ZL+Ç Â Ï?$)"Ç ä AU>Ç?@ Vv VMA> }@!' BP?$ !(Ñ!%*Ñ ÑÏ 0JJ|(

.ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ< Ï0+6~P ÊÑ?l å!STPÇÏ N+Ç ä!LMÑ!M ÑÏ ¿

$$

1-Training Transfer 2-Personal Performance 3-Organizational Performance 4-Barriers

Page 3: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

3 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

$)';D;7$æ$E?æF7$í1G!$ !"5($

Ç ÑÏ íB+BX ã?Rd> ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇA#P È?&\> ÔÒ?>Â æ í0JbÏ!+ Ê!J'Ï V' ã?Rd> N+Ç YÏ?$

åB$ �+0W( Ø?'0> Ñ!H ÑÏ A'?^ )"Ç .Baldwin & Ford, 2000 Y<Óu!"1 äÇÑ!r#C æ .2;;o <

' äÇ?L@ V' ÇÑ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇV æ FPÇÏ F_'0HÇ æ 0#%&> í0JbÑ!M ÊÑ!R> åÑæÏ A] åB$ n&M í!C

ÔÒ?> �+0W( Ï0* =|$ n`!h ÑÏ A> YBLLM)&Jb2 .1997 ÇÑ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ < VP?b N+Ç�+0W(

A> :BLM"ÔÒ?> åÑæÏ ä!+!8 ÒÇ j8 åÏ!d%"Ç ÏÑ?> FPÇÏ"&Jb Y( )JWhÇæ N+Ç 0' )f VM ÏÑÇÏ BJM

B+!gP ä!LMÑ!Mð!*0l NJE n"!L> Ñ!%*Ñ ã!ZPÇ V' A> VrU' ¡BLLM åBL&' ÔÒ?> åÑæÏ Ñ!%*Ñ )&+!'

Ò?> ÒÇ j8 ÇÑ �J\lBL+!#P Ç0XÇ eJP Ñ!M wJ\> ÑÏ æ Ô á!#@Ç äÇeJ> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ ÒÇ Ñ?cL> Y

ÊÑ!R> ¡FPÇÏ Ô0SP æ !CÑ!%*Ñ ¡!C > ÑÏ åB$ V%*0b Ç0* í!C)"Ç Ñ!M wJ\ .Velada & Caetano,

2009 Y< æ ÇÏuæ?P!(!M .2;;9' BL+Â0* äÇ?L@ V' ÇÑ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ <V Ñ!M ÊÑ!R> ¡FPÇÏ N%&' ¡!C

Ô0SP AbG+æ 0+!" æ !C ¡ÔÒ?>Â V>!P0' A] åB$ n&M í!CÑÏ A> �+0W( Ñ!M wJ\> YBLLMnE!l

äÇ0cP 0JbÏ!+ ÒÇ ÔÒ?> VM BPÑÇÏ BJM!( V%rP N+Ç 0' �U%_> Ê!@s]Ç Ý0l íV+ÇÑÇ á?] ÑÏ åB$

xJ#W( æ V%*Ñ 0(Ç0* A$Ò?> V>!P0' i+ ' æV í0JbÑ!M Ê!@s]Ç N+ÇÑÏ E æ Ï0* =|$ ÑÏ ä yd

A> =>!$ eJP ÇÑ ä!>Ò A]?> ÑÏ NJTJ8 Ê!W`!a> YÏ?$f( )JWhÇæ N+Ç 0' ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ ÏÑ BJM

VM BPÑÇÏ )"Ç ARXæ BLv í0>Ç ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇJO\( ÑÏ ß0%T> Aa^ Y ÇÑ ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ ¡Ê!O

VUE0> V" íBL+Â0*íÇ : BLM A> �Jl?(

1< i+ á?] ÑÏ VM A(!@s]Ç 0' wU&( !+ í0JbÏ!+ A> V%^ÇÏ08 ä V' A$Ò?> V>!P0'Ï?$

2< ÊÑ!R> ÒÇ åÏ!d%"Ç Ï0* =|$ ÑÏ B+BX FPÇÏ æ !C

3< ä!>Ò á?] ÑÏ <ÔÒ?>Â ÒÇ j8. Ï0* Ñ!%*Ñ ÑÏ åB$ Ï!Z+Ç 0JJ|( ydE

0bÇ nUKÇ Vv�+Ñ!W( ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ V%^?> á!O%PÇ 0'!C V' A$Ò?> åÑæÏ ÒÇÑ!M wJ\>

.=|$< f( Ï0* í0JbÏ!+ VrPÂ 0S> )$ÇÏ BCÇ?_P Ï?Xæ ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ ä!r>Ç á!E N+Ç !' ¡BPÑÇÏ BJM

%PÇ 0>Ç VM )*!+ BCÇ?^ [O\( AP!>Ò ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ í!CÏÑæ!%"Ï !+ !+Çe> VP?b0C æ BCÏ íæÑ á!O

ãæÇB( ä!>Ò A] ÑÏ B$!' V%$ÇÏY á!E`ÇI"A> Í0a> !ZL+Ç ÑÏ VM A Ï?$ä Vv VM )"Ç

A> 0JH!( ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0' A+!C0J|%> ¿BPÑÇ6b

$H(Ç,61;IJ-ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$ÑÇLM

xR> A' ÊÑ?l ÑÏ VM =>Ç?@ N+Ç N+0( ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ åÇÑ 0" 0' Ï?X?> qPÇ?> A@?P V' ARX?(

> eJPA> È?&\AbG+æ :ÒÇ BL(Ñ!g@ ¡BP?$ AbG+æ ¡íÏ0* í!C AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@ æ A$Ò?> V>!P0' í!C

1-Salas 2-Gist

Page 4: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 4

.Baldwin & Ford, 1988< YA> ä!TP wg(0> Ê!J'ÏÇ VW`!a> äÇ?L@ =+Ð VM BCÏ =>Ç?@ íÏ0*

A> A+!PÇ?( V' äÇ?( YÏ0M åÑ!$Ç )Jt_$ æ ÔeJSPÇ �a" ¡Ï0* í!C 0S+Ï í?" ÒÇ ?X ä?v íÏÑÇ?>

ÔÇÏ!8 ¡äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E ¡á!O%PÇ %"Ç )l0* æ !CÇÑ åÏ!d ?@ =+ÐV%"Ï AP!>Ò!" =>Ç A> íBL' YBLLM

x%+ V>!P0' V' Ø?'0> =>Ç?@ )#&h ÑÏ æ A$Ò?> AEÇ0] ¡V>!P0' íÇ?%\> ¡V>!P0' A`Ç?( ä?v A+!C

YBPÑÇÏ ÑÇ0h í0JbÏ!+ á?lÇ

á9($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$í"?1$

ÏÑ?* æ N+æB`!' .19ppB> NJ`æÇ ÒÇ Ar+ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ V' Ø?'0> Ê!J'ÏÇ A"Ñ0' !' <á í!C

AUlÇ íÇeXÇ YBPÏ?#P N+æB( ÇÑ á!O%PÇ BL+Â0*áB> N+Ç ÇÑA> äÇ?( :)&PÇÏ ÏÑÇ?> N+Ç 0' =#%T>

�`Ç< ÔÒ?> í!CÏÇÏ äæÑÏ2È ¡<AaJ\> =>Ç?@ æ Ò?>ÂÑ!M íÏ0* Ê!Jl?t^ ¡V>!P0' AEÇ0]. <

ÔÒ?> í!CÏÇBPæ0'3Ì ¡<í0JbÏ!+.< á!O%PÇ w+Ç0$4 Y<Ñ!M wJ\> V' ÔÒ?> xJ#W( æ íÑÇBRSP.

B`!'Ï?^ áB> Ó!"Ç 0' ÏÑ?* æ N+æ =r$.1< i+ ÒÇ ÔÒ?> í!CÏÇBPæÑÏ VM BPÏ?' Ï!O%@Ç N+Ç 0'

0JK ÊÑ?l V' 0S+Ï í?" ÒÇ æ ÔÒ?>Â í!CÏÇBPæ0' xJO%&> ÊÑ?l V' ?" 0$ xJO%&> ÇÑ á!O%PÇ w+Ç

)\(0JHf( A> ÑÇ0h ÏÇBPæÑÏ áB> N+Ç ÑÏ NJL�#C YBLCÏ > ÔÒ?> í!CÏÇBPæ0' åÇ0#C V' !Cð!#JO%&

0' á!O%PÇ w+Ç0$0JHf( A> YBPÑÇ6b

$H<NA@$ÏÑ,0$æ$O8æ9P"&$ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$9'8Â10$á9($QARSST$

1-Training Transfer Models 2-Training Inputs 3-Training Outputs 4-Transfer Conditions

Page 5: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

5 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

VJ`æÇ áB> ÒÇ j8V+ÇÑÇ áB> ¡ÏÑ?* æ N+æB`!' w"?( åB$ APÇæÇ0* A'0Z( æ A>?Rd> í!C ÑÏ

åB$ N+æB( ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ åÒ?E YBPÇÌ0_> áB> N+Ç A>!#( ß0%T> A> ÇÑ !C V' !RP í!r(Ç äÇ?(

V"ÏÇBPæ0' ¡ÔÒ?> í!CÏÇBPæÑÏ. ÏÑ?* æ N+æB`!' áB> AUlÇ ÁeX <á!O%PÇ w+Ç0$ æ ÔÒ?> í!C

)&PÇÏA> ÇÑ !RP e+!#( VrP á!E Y äÇeJ> ÑÏ äÇ?(BJMf( ÇeXÇ ÒÇ Ar+ 0' áB> 0CV" í Þ?* VP!b

Ê?�J( æ 0+!( áB> YÏ0M ?Z%&X1.1995áB> N+Ç VU#X ÒÇ < VM )"!CBJMf( 0' ÇÑ Ï?^ AUlÇ

0] Vd`I>0+Ò æ V>!P0' AEÇ V@?#Z> ä í!C ÝBC. ?%\> NJJW( ¡íÑÇ6bÔæÑ æ Ç í!CV+ÇÑÇ <ÔÒ?>Â

A> ÑÇ0h YBCÏ áB> 0S+Ï ÒÇ ÏÑ?> í!CA> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ åÒ?E ÑÏ åÏ!d%"Ç áB> V' äÇ?(

jbÑ?Jb?%P?M2.2;;1)$ÇÏ åÑ!$Ç < =r$ ÑÏ VM2 åB+Ï0b V+ÇÑÇ )"ÇáB> Ó!"Ç 0' íæ Y í!C

U+æÑ ¡ÏÑ?* æ N+æB`!'N+!%$ÇBUb æ 03A&+0( ¡4 V' !( )"Ç åBJ$?M ¡ä?%`?C áB> æ äÇÑ!r#C æ

A>?Rd> íÒ!"Ò!'5 iJ(!#%&J" AC!bB+Ï V' æ V%^ÇÏ08 ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ Ñ!%^!" æ BL+Â0* N+Ç ÒÇ 0(

=>Ç?@0HI> ÑÏ YB'!+ )"Ï ä 0'!%"ÇÑ N+Ç x%&J" ä?�#C AU>Ç?@ áB> N+Ç AL* í!C-

A@!#%XÇo=|$ AEÇ0] ¡7 æ )+0+B>)JdJMp > =>Ç?@ V@?#Z> V' ÇÑáB> åÑ!$Ç ÏÑ? NJTJ8 í!C

A> V*!DÇ A> Ú?#Z> ÑÏ YBLM áB> A>!#( VM )db äÇ?( V' !( BPÑÇÏ ä 0' AW" ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ í!C

AU>!W( æ iJ(!#%&J" AC!bB+Ï9 ÒÇ0JHf( =>Ç?@0HI> A' VM Ç0v YBL'!+ )"Ï á!O%PÇ 0' i$

" AC!SP V' A'!J%"ÏÂ0* N+Ç ÒÇ i+!#%&JI> =>Ç?@ æ BL+ í!%"ÇÑ ÑÏ ÔÒÑÇ !' Ar#M ¡ä 0' 0H

 á!O%PÇ Ï?gR'V>!P0' AT_'0HÇ ä nh!W%> æ ÔÒ?> 0rU#@ )+!RP ÑÏ æ A$Ò?> í!C æ íÏ0* Ï

A> È?&\> AP!>Ò!" YÏ?$

$

1-Thayer & Teachout 2-Kontoghiorghes 3-Rouiller & Goldstein 4-Tracry 5-Reconceptualization 6-Social-Technical Systems 7-Job Design 8-Quality Management 9-Interactive

Page 6: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 o

$H<NU@$VMÑ,;M,K!,>$ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$í,WPÇ$QUXXYT$

ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$ZK#;+1$¿3#;=$

FCæG8 ÒÇ j8 !OO\> äÇæÇ0* í!C í0%TJ' �J] A"Ñ0' Ñ?cL> V' VM BPBJ"Ñ VZJ%P N+Ç V' ä

=>Ç?@ ÒÇ0JHf(#%&J" íÏ0r+æÑ Ð!_(Ç ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' ÑÇ6b(!Ji Ï?' BCÇ?^ 0(BJd>

.Kozlowski & Salas, 1997<Y ä?%`?C !%"ÇÑ N+Ç ÑÏ. äÇÑ!r#C æ2;;; )RX A`B> <

ã?Rd> AU>!M ð!%g&P V@?#Z> 0' =#%T> VM ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ íÒ!" ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ ÒÇ

ÇÑ )"ÇV+ÇÑÇ )\( ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ VM )"Ç ÑÇ?%"Ç Ö0* N+Ç 0' áB> N+Ç YBPÏÇÏ0JHf( V@?#Z>íÇ ÒÇ

+Ç YÏÑÇÏ ÑÇ0h <ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ x%&J". =>Ç?@x%&J" ä?�#C AU>Ç?@ =>!$ x%&J" N ¡ÔÇÏ!8 í!C

æ A$Ò?> AEÇ0] 0l!L@ ¡A$eJSPÇ =>Ç?@ ¡íÏ0* Ê!Jl?t^å0JK A> Ï?^ áB> ÑÏ ä?%`?C YB$!'

¡í0JbÏ!+ ÇÑ ÔÒ?> AUlÇ B>!J8 V" A> AP!>Ò!" m+!%P æ íÏ0* Ï0rU#@ äÇÑ!r#C æ ä?%`?C YBPÇÏ

.2;;; <åÒÇBPÇ )RXPÇ VM Þ?* =>Ç?@ í0Jb )\( ÇÑ ÔÒ?>Â á!O%0JHf( A> ÑÇ0h 0r* V' ¡BLCÏ

äÇæÑ ÑÇe'Ç N+æB(VP!ZL"2 l!E YBPÏ!%*Ç AOJhÏ¡åæ0b N+Ç Ôs( = VC!J" x%&J" í0JbÏ!+ á!O%PÇ

.LTSI< Ï?' =r$.3<Y

1-Training Transfer System 2-Psychometric

Page 7: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

7 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

$$H<N[@$í1G!$È,=Ñ":=$$ÑÏ$åÏ"\K+Ç$ÏÑ,($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$ZK#;+LTSI

]+^;C_-$Ê`Ç$

FCæG8 äÏÇÏ ÑÇ0h !Lg> !' FJ8 ÑÏ æ åB$ ã!ZPÇ í!C #%&J" AC!SP N%*0b(!iJ =>Ç?@ V'

I>W" [JO\( N+Ç ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' 0HA V' !( ÏÑÇÏuÇI" ʺBCÏ ,"!8 0+Ò

1< Ñ!M wJ\> V' ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ íÏ0* =>Ç?@ Vv äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ ä!LMÑ!M NJ' ÑÏ )\( ÇÑ

0JHf( A> ÑÇ0h ¿BLCÏ

2< Ñ!M wJ\> V' ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@ Vv äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ ä!LMÑ!M NJ' ÑÏ )\( ÇÑ

0JHf( A> ÑÇ0h ¿BLCÏ

3 <Ñ!M wJ\> V' ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ A$Ò?> =>Ç?@ Vv äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ ä!LMÑ!M NJ' ÑÏ )\( ÇÑ

0JHf( A> ÑÇ0h ¿BLCÏ

UB$$ト^;C_-$

!@s]Ç íÑæÂÏ0b å?\P 0cP ÒÇ æ íÏ0'Ñ!M ¡ÝBC 0cP ÒÇ 0D!E FCæG8 Ú?P ÒÇ æ AdJl?( Ê

A> AS%&g#C B$!'0JK ä!LMÑ!M VW`!a> ÏÑ?> VW>!X Y )QJC A#U@ äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ . ÏæBE3;;;

0dP <VP?#P äÇ?L@ V' YBPÏ?' VJUM åÑæÏ ÑÏ VM å!STPÇÏ N+Ç ä!LMÑ!M )>B^ N#D ÔÒ?> í!C

ä!%&'!(1392 BL%$ÇÏ )M0$ å!STPÇÏ N+Ç åÑæÏ YBL%*0b ÑÇ0h åÏ!d%"Ç ÏÑ?> åÏ!d%"Ç !' Ñ?M6> í!C

Page 8: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 p

å!> BLd"Ç ÑÏ æ V%*0b ÑÇ0h A'!J$ÒÑÇ ÏÑ?> i+0(!8 ß0M ÔæÑ ÒÇ1392 ã?" VUE0> íÇ0XÇ ÒÇ j8

B$ k_T> æ i+0(!8 ß0M í?S`ÇäÇeJ> äÏ?' NJ+!8 ä Ñ!%*Ñ 0JJ|( . ß0M áB> ã?" VUE0>

i+0(!8<YB$ Ç0XÇ Ú?D?> N+Ç =U@ NJJW( )RX ä?%`?C ÑÇe'Ç ¡

$

$ÑÇa&ÇÂÏ1MíÑæ$Ê"6bcÇ$$

Ç ÏÑ?> ÑÇe'ÇA> V>!LT"08 FCæG8 N+Ç ÑÏ åÏ!d%" Ï?X?> V>!LT"08 YB$!' 1LTSI A> VM B$!'

n`!h ÑÏ51 áÇI" V%&' j%J' æ ä?%`?C w"?( ,"!8 .2;;; Y )"Ç åB$ N+æB( <LTSI íÑÇe'Ç

VM ä!>Ò!" æ V>!P0' ¡Ï0* V' Ø?'0> =>Ç?@ A>!#( ALW+ ¡ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ x%&J" A'!+ÒÑÇ )RX

V' ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ )\( ÇÑ AU|$ wJ\>0JHf( A> ÑÇ0h A> ¡BLCÏ 0D!E á!E ÑÏ YB$!' LTSI ÒÇ

ÏæBW> ÑÇe'Çí!C =>Ç?@ ÒÇ AWJ"æ V@?#Z> VM )"Ç í0g%W> 0HI> åÒÇBPÇ ÇÑ ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0' í0Jb

A> . BLMHolton & Bates, 2000< ÑÇe'Ç N+Ç Y1o ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0' ðu!#%EÇ VM AUlÇ =>!@0JHf(

?> ÇÑ BPÑÇÏA> ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ YBCÏLTSI Ï0* Ï0rU#@ Ï?gR' VM )"Ç í0cP A'?vÑ!Rv 0' AL%g>

=l!E ÇÑ ÔÒ?>Â VZJ%P ÑÏ =>!W(4 A> =>Ç?@ ÒÇ åæ0b PÇÏB ºV+?P!H =>Ç?@¡ Ò!"BL#PÇ?( =>Ç?@ ¡

A$eJSPÇ =>Ç?@ æAaJ\> =>Ç?@2Y Ú?#Z> ÑÏ N+Ç4 0' =#%T> åæ0b1o A> 0J|%> YBL$!'FOP

=>Ç?@ ÒÇ i+ 0C I>0' 0H ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ ÑÏÏÑ?> ä!>Ò!" JSP!J> Ó!"Ç 0' ÑÇe'Ç N+Ç ÑÏ ¡0cP V' N

V%"Ï 0+Ò nJ(0( V' åB>Â )"Ï A> íBL' . BP?$Holton & Bates, 2000<:

$áæ9dA@$$ ?ÏÒ";K(Ç$ßb(LTSI$

$

$

Q$@%5'(Holton & Bates, 2000T$

$

$

$

1-Learning Transfer System 2-Secondary Factors, Enabling Factors, Motivational Factors & Environmental Factors

á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ í?h qP!> 5/2 M <

á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ A`?#W> qP!>5/3 !(51/2 M =

á!O%PÇ íÇ0' �JWD )&J`!(!M 4 !(51/3 M =

á!O%PÇ íÇ0' í?h )&J`!(!M;1/4 M >

Page 9: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

9 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

8ÇæÑ1$ 8"8"7$$æ2$ÑÇa&Ç$

A"Ñ!* V_&P ¡ÑÇe'Ç A+ÇæÑ ÒÇ ä!LJ#]Ç íÇ0'LTSI A&JUSPÇ ä!'Ò ä!"!L$Ñ!M ÒÇ N( æÏ w"?(

> Att_( ä?%> V#X0( åÒ?E ÑÏ ARX?( ='!h V'0Z( VM æ V%*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> BL%$ÇÏ )+0+B

BJ+f( 8 ä!J> åB$ VJR( A(!>BO> V>!LT"08 q+Ò?( ÒÇ FJ8 æ BW' VUE0> ÑÏ YB$,"! ÇÑ ä ¡ä!+?b

å!STPÇÏ BJ(!"Ç Ñ!J%^Ç ÑÏ ÑÇ0h ä!"!L$Ñ!M æåB$ åÏÇÏ ä!r>Ç BE !( ä!T+Ç AEslÇ ÊÇ0cP æ

T"08 VM B+Ï0b =l!E ä!LJ#]Ç VrL+Ç !( B+Ï0b á!#@ÇLA> ÇÑ 0cP ÏÑ?> 0J|%> Ñ?M6> V>! BZL"

íÑ?l A+ÇæÑ.<3Y )"Ç åB$ åÏ!d%"Ç Î!gPæ0M í!d` ÔæÑ ÒÇ [JO\( V>!LT"08 A+!+!8 NJJW( )RX

åÑ!#$ áæBX ÑÏ VM3 Vd`I> íÇ0' ä 0+Ï!O> Y)"Ç åB$ V+ÇÑÇ FZL" ÏÑ?> í!C í!d` n+0D

0D!E FCæG8 ÑÏ åÏ!d%"Ç ÏÑ?> V>!LT"08 íÇ0' Î!gPæ0M Ñ?] V'I> íÇ0' w"?%>`Vd åÏeP!$ í!C

ÏæBE VP!b7p/; A> B$!' Y

1-Validity 2-Reliability 3-Nominal validity

Page 10: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

P!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt* á!" ¡AãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 1;

$áæ9dU@$$ÑÏ$Ee'+$ÏÑ,($H(Ç,6LTSI

$ f81*-$ $åÑ"gN`Ç]+Ê$ )\P]($"?$

h[iX$ V>!P0' ÑÏ )MÑ!T> æ ÏæÑæ )RX Ï0* AbÏ!> äÇeJ> 9- p- 1 åBP0JbÏ!+ AbÏ!>Â

S[iX$ Ç )RX Ï0* í!R$s( ãæÇB( äÇeJ> æ ÊB$R> æ FPÇÏ ÒÇ åÏ!d%" n&M í!R(Ñ!Ñ!M wJ\> ÑÏ åB$ 4- 3- 2 á!O%PÇ íÇ0' ÔeJSPÇ

jRiX$ V%^?> ÒÇ åÏ!d%"Ç VM APÇeJ> Ñ!M wJ\> ÑÏ A$Ò?> åÑæÏ í!CA> Ï0* íÇ0' )g{> m+!%P V' 0ZL> Ï?$ 7- o- 5 íÏ0* )g{> í!CB>!J8

hjiX$ ãB@ ÏÑÇÏ Ï!O%@Ç Ï0* VM APÇeJ>V%^?> ÒÇ åÏ!d%"Ç wJ\> ÑÏ A$Ò?> åÑæÏ í!C BCÇ?^ AdL> m+!%P V' 0ZL> Ñ!M 1o- 15-12 íÏ0* AdL> í!CB>!J8

jSiX$ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ í!%"ÇÑ ÑÏ Ò!JP ÏÑ?> ÊÇ0JJ|( Ï!Z+Ç )RX AU|$ AbBPÒ ÑÏ Ï0* ä!>Ò æ ALCÐ äÇ?( ¡í�0PÇ äÇeJ> 17- 14- 13- 11- 1; á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ï0* )J*0�

S[iX$ C )+!#E äÇeJ>V%^?> ÒÇ åÏ!d%"Ç Ñ?cL#' äÇÑ!r# Ñ!M wJ\> ÑÏ !C 2;- 19- 1p äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E

RAiX$ åÏ!d%"Ç ÒÇ ä!>Ò!" ÑÏ Ï0* Þ?*!> VM APÇeJ>V%^?> )+!#E Ñ!M wJ\> ÑÏ !C A> BLM 2o-22-21 Þ?*!> )+!#E

hXiX$ÑÏ Ï0* Þ?*!> VM APÇeJ> V%^?> åÏ!d%"Ç ='!O> ÑÏ ä!>Ò!" ¡ä!LMÑ!M w"?( Ñ!M wJ\> ÑÏ !C jr@ ä!TP AdL> =#W`Ç

A> BCÏ 25- 24- 23 Þ?*!> )WP!#>

SYiX$ VM APÇeJ> jrWL> ÇÑ V>!P0' íÇ?%\> Ò?>ÂÑ!M A> Ï?^ AU|$ í!CÒ!JP åBLLM BPÇÏ 29- 2p- 27 0JbÇ0* w"?( åB$ ßÑÏ A+Ç?%\> Ñ!g%@Ç

SkiX$ VM APÇeJ>1JbÇ0* V' ÇÑ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ A+!PÇ?( V>!P0' <A> äÇ0 æ BCÏ2CÒ!JP !' [gaL> V>!P0' Ê!#JUW( <)"Ç Ï0* AU|$ í! 32- 31- 3; á!O%PÇ Í0]

hXiX$ Ï0* VM =|$ V' Ø?'0> í!RJbG+æ æ q'!L> A> i#M ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ åÇÑ ÑÏ ÇÑ BLLM 34- 33 åÏ!d%"Ç )l0*

SAiX$ B$ BCÇ?^ Ï0rU#@ Ï?gR' V' 0ZL> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ôs( VrL+Ç ÒÇ Ñ!c%PÇ 4;- 39- 3o- 35 Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ- %PÇ íÇ0' Ôs(á!O

SkiX$ B$ BCÇ?^ íBL#$ÒÑÇ m+!%P V' 0ZL> Ï0rU#@ ÑÏ 0JJ|( VrL+Ç ÒÇ Ñ!c%PÇ 41- 3p- 37 Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ- m+!%P

hjiX$ 0* )>æ!O> }@!' ACæ0b n`!K í!CÑ!ZLC VM APÇeJ>A> ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ Ï Ï?$ 44- 43-42 0JJ|( 0'Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O>

hXiX$ VrL+Ç 0' ALg> Ï0* AUM Ï!O%@ÇBCÏ 0JJ|( ÇÑ Ï?^ Ï0rU#@ BPÇ?( A> ¡BCÇ?_' 0bÇ 5;- 49- 4p- 47 !MÏ?^ÂÑíB>

S[iX$ Ï0* AU|$ Ï0rU#@ ÏÑ?> ÑÏ ä!>Ò!" A#"Ñ 0JK æ A#"Ñ í!Rt^!$ 51- 4o- 45 ÏÑ?^Ò!'

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'(

Page 11: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

11 A"Ñ0'> =>Ç?@á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

[B$)K0"8$E?æF7$í"?$

A"Ñ0' Ñ?cL> V'uÇI" AU>!@ =JU\( ÇB%'Ç ¡[JO\( ÊBJ+f(í .CFA< !' n"!L%>

=>Ç?@ V%"Ï V" V' VM áB> N+Ç ÔÒÇ0' A+?rJP æ B$ ã!ZPÇ [O\> 0cP ÏÑ?> A>?Rd> È?vÑ!Rv

A$Ò?> V>!P0' Ø?'0> æ AP!>Ò!" ¡íÏ0*0HI> ÑÇ0h FZL" ÏÑ?> ÏÑÇÏ åÑ!$Ç ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'

)*0bY V' AU>!@ =JU\( íÇ0XÇ m+!%P :)"Ç 0+Ò Í0$

Chi-Square= p5/115; , df=12;5, P-value= po573/; , RMSEA= ;;;/;

V%*!+ ÒÇ í!CV+ÇÑÇ ÑÏ åB$ =r$ í!C4 æ5 A> )*0b VZJ%P äÇ?( äÇeJ> V' VX?( !' VM

k^!$ !' 0'Ç0' æÏ A^. AbBPÒÇ0' AUlÇ í!Cp5/115; !' 0'Ç0' íÏÇÒ VXÑÏ ¡12;5 A8 ÔÒÑÇ ¡

!' 0'Ç0'po573/; !+ n+0O( ÊÇÑæ6Z> NJSP!J> VT+Ñ æRMSEA1 !' 0'Ç0';;;/; < !' NJL�#C æ

k^!$ äÇeJ> V' VX?(. AbBPÒÇ0' A@0* í!CCFI2 !' 0'Ç0';;;/1¡

3GFI !' 0'Ç0'p2/; ¡AGFI

4

!' 0'Ç0'p;/;æ 5NFI !' 0'Ç0'p7/; ÒÇ 0%bÑe' !+ i+ÏeP B+!' VM <9/; ¡BL$!'14 Vd`I> æ5; V+?b

%&J" V>!LT"08?C áB> !' ['!a> í0JbÏ!+ á!O%PÇ x V' FPÇÑ!r#C æ ä?%`+f(BJ BJ"Ñå k_T> æ

VM B$Vd`I> ÒÇ 0(u!'. Ag"!L> AU>!@ Ñ!' ÒÇ V>!LT"08 N+Ç ÊÇÑ!g@ æ !C3/;YBL%&C ÑÇÏÑ?^0' <

V+?b !RL(14� æVd`I> í!CÞ?*!> )WP!#> æ Ñ!' ÒÇ åB$ ÔÒÇ0' áB> ÑÏ 0JJ|( 0'Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O>

YBPÏ?gP ÑÇÏÑ?^0' A'?Ua> AU>!@

1-Root Mean Square Error of Approximation 2-Comparative Fit Index 3-Goodness of Fit Index 4-Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index 5-Normed Fit Index

�-" BCÏ A#P N> V' ÇÑ ÔÒ?> N+Ç ÒÇ åÏ!d%"Ç ä!r>Ç VM )"Ç Ú?hæ á!E ÑÏ ãÑ!M ÑÏ �U%_> Ê!h!d(Ç ÑBOP 0D!E á!E ÑÏ"Y

Page 12: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 12

$H<NY@$$äÇa;($í"?1;lK($ .("6$Ñ"&$ÑÇa&Ç$ÑÏ$)*P"m($ÏÑ,(LTSI$

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

Page 13: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

13 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

$H<Nk@$$äÇa;($ÑÇa&Ç$ÑÏ$)*P"m($ÏÑ,($í"?1;lK($íÑÇÏ$ '*(LTSI$

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

Page 14: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 14

V>ÇÏÇ ÑÏ( AU>!@ =JU\BJ+f(=r$ ÑÏ åB$ Vg"!\> í í!C4 æ5 ÑÏ V" n`!háÇI" AUlÇ

ÏÑ?> =+Ð Í0$ V' FCæG8 A"Ñ0')*0b ÑÇ0hY

+áÇ]$&$ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$íÏ10$H(Ç,6$)=$@áæÇ$3_-$ÇÑ$Ñ">$n;_($)1;IJ-$ ($ÑÇ1o$¿9'?Ï$

ä!#C áæBX ÑÏ VM Ñ?]2 A> åBC!T> Ï?$ íÏ0* =>Ç?@ V#C AU>!@ Ñ!' äÇeJ>0HI> á!O%PÇ 0'

ÒÇ 0%TJ' ÔÒ?>Â3/; ALW> äÇeJ> æ !RP íÑÇÏ.t< ÏB@ ÒÇ 0%TJ'2 A> YB$!'á!O%PÇ íÇ0' ÔeJSPÇ

%TJ' íÇÑÇÏ æ NJJg( äÇeJ> N+0Ñ!MÏ?^ÂíB> 0%#M íÇÑÇÏ>Ç?@ =M jP!+ÑÇæ ÑÏ NJJg( äÇeJ> N+ =

íÏ0*0HI> A> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' YB$!' æ A+!"!L$ ÒÇ j8 NJL�#CBJ+f( íÏ0* =>Ç?@0HI> 0'

ÏÑ?> 0+Ò Í0$ V' ä?"0J8 AS%&g#C ä?>ÒÂ [+0] ÒÇ eJP !RPÂ NJ' AS%&g#C ¡ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ

)*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' :

áæ9d$[@$$äÇa;($íÏ10$H(Ç,6$íÑÇÏ$ '*($æ$ .("6$í"?Ñ"&1I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$

O;;5-$94ÑÏ$)\P]($$"?$ .("6$Ñ"& íÑÇÏ$ '*($9;8J-$H("6$

1 á!O%PÇ íÇ0' ÔeJSPÇ1 91/; ;5/7 AU'

2 Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ- m+!%P2 p7/; 22/3 AU'

3 Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ- á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ôs(3 p5/; 91/o AU'

4 åBP0JbÏ!+ AbÏ!>Â4 79/; ;5/3 AU'

5 á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ï0* )J*0�5 o7/; - o1/2 - AU'

o !MÏ?^íB>ÂÑo 4p/; o5/4 AU'

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'(

áæBX ÑÏ VM Ñ?aP!#C3$A> åBC!T> Ï?$ V' VX?( !' ALW> íÑÇÏ �a" ÑÏ åB$ =l!E;5/;

! íÏ0* =>Ç?@ V#C0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' xC !'ALW> AS%&g#C Va'ÇÑ eX V' YBPÑÇÏ íÑÇÏ

NJ'ÂÑ!MÏ?^íB> á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ï0* )J*0� æALW> æ AdL> VM ÑÇÏ 0+!" Va'ÇÑ ¡)"Ç íÏ0* =>Ç?@

0HI> xC !' ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0'ALW> æ )g{> ÑÇÏ Y)"Ç F+Çe*Ç !' VM ALW> N+Ç V' =>Ç?@ ÒÇ i+ 0C

íÏ0*0HI> ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' 0+!"íÏ0* =>Ç?@ eJP CÇ?^ F+Çe*ÇL !' æ )*!+ B FC!M ÒÇ i+ 0C

!RP 0+!" ¡íÏ0* =>Ç?@ eJP Ñ!vÏCÇ?^ FC!ML BB$Y NJ' Ñ?M6> w'ÇæÑ ÒÇ NJL�#C íÏ0* =>Ç?@

1-Motivation to Transfer 2-Performance-Outcomes Expectations 3-Transfer Effort�Performance Expectations 4-Learner Readiness 5-Personal Capacity for Transfer 6-Self-Efficacy

Page 15: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

15 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

0HI> ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ æ ÔeJSPÇ =>!@ æÏ NJ' Va'ÇÑ- á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ôs(

.;;;/;�p ,oop/; �r <äÇeJ> N+0(u!' íÇÑÇÏ æ ¡a'ÇÑÑ!MÏ?^ =>!@ æÏ NJ' VÂíB> Ï0* )J*0� æ

á!O%PÇ íÇ0'.;;;/;�p ,137/; - �r <äÇeJ> N+0%#M íÇÑÇÏ A> AS%&g#C YB$!'

$áæ9dY@$$V81-"(ä,+1;7$ WK#5g? $$íÏ10$H(Ç,61I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($��ALW> �a" ÑÏ íÑÇÏ ;�;;1 æ �ALW> �a" ÑÏ íÑÇÏ;�;5$

$

V>ÇÏÇ ÑÏ æ A+!"!L$ ÒÇ j8BJ+f( íÏ0* =>Ç?@0HI> O%PÇ 0' !RP äÇeJ> æ )JWDæ ¡ÔÒ?> á!

)*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> å0J|%> i( A( ä?>ÒÂ [+0] ÒÇ eJPY !%"ÇÑ N+Ç ÑÏ ÇB%'Ç AdJl?( Ñ!>Â ÒÇ

åB$ íÑæ q#X í!C åÏÇÏ =JU\( íÇ0' <VLJTJ' ¡VLJ#M ¡Ñ!JW> ÝÇ0\PÇ ¡NJSP!J>. íÏ0* =>Ç?@

0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' B$ åÏ!d%"Ç åÑ!#$ áæBX.5<Y

$áæ9dk@$$íÏ10$H(Ç,6$ \;4,-$Ñ"(Â1I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$H("6$ÏÇ9*- O;W!";( )8,MiO;W!";($Ñ";*($ÝÇ1_!Ç )';g> )';D;&$

á!O%PÇ íÇ0' ÔeJSPÇ 291 3o/7 45/2 39/2 ;;/4 ;;/15

Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ- m+!%P 291 9;/9 3;/3 o;/2 ;;/3 ;;/15

Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ- Ôs( 291 7;/9 42/2 94/2 ;;/4 ;;/1p

åBP0JbÏ!+ AbÏ!>Â 291 53/p p4/2 2p/2 ;;/3 ;;/15

á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ï0* )J*0� 291 p1/14 9o/2 57/2 ;;/o ;;/23

íB>ÂÑ!MÏ?^ 291 74/p 1p/2 p1/2 ;;/4 ;;/2;

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

>Ï,2 8ÇÑ" 3;01p MÏ"(Â ÊÇÑ"GK!Ç$Ôb-$ÊÇÑ"GK!Ç$q8"K!$Ôa;W!Ç$

$íÇ1&$Ôa;W!Ç

á"CK!Ç$

R **279/; **2p2/; **575/; **oop/; **4;2/; 1

Sig. ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/;

$ÊÇÑ"GK!Ç

Ï1<.g6B$q8"K!$

R **277/; **157/; **399/; **51o/; 1

Sig. ;;;/; ;;7/; ;;;/; ;;;/;

Ñ"GK!Ç$ÊÇ

Ï1<.g6B$Ôb-$

R **5;1/; **211/; **377/; 1

Sig. ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/;

$ MÏ"(Â

å9!1;MÏ"8$

R *147/; **2o1/; 1

Sig. ;12/; ;;;/;

$Ï10$3;01p

á"CK!Ç$íÇ1&$

R *137/; - 1

Sig. ;2;/-

í9(ÂÑ">Ï,2$R 1

Sig.

Page 16: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 1o

áæBX ÑÏ5 =>Ç?@ VrL+Ç íÇ0'I> íÏ0*ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' 0H V&+!O> ='!h xC V' )g&P ¡

L$!'P NJSP!J> B !R !'V+?b ÏÇBW( 0' xJ&O( V]?'0> í!C Vg"!\> YB$ åÏÇÏ áæBX í!C5 í!+?b

=>Ç?@ ä!J> ÒÇ ¡[JO\( N+Ç ÑÏ A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> VP?#P å!bB+Ï ÒÇ VM )"Ç Ú?D?> N+Ç íÏ0*0HI> 0'

¡ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇÊÇÑ!c%PÇ Ï0rU#@- m+!%P )"Ç ÑÇÏÑ?^0' NJSP!J> N+0(u!' ÒÇ .3;/3<`!E ÑÏ N+Ç ºA

VM )"ÇÑ!MÏ?^>ÂíB NJ+!8 ÒÇ)"Ç ÑÇÏÑ?^0' NJSP!J> N+0( .1p/2<Y j~"$ ¡ =>Ç?@ )JWDæ

íÏ0*0HI> )*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'º

$áæ9dj$@$íÏ10$H(Ç,6$í9'&$)dÑÏ1I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$H("6$)8,MiO;W!";($5/2 M <$5/3 !(51/2 M = 4 !(51/3 M =$;1/4 M >$

íÇ0' ÔeJSPÇá!O%PÇ 45/2 *

Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ- m+!%P 3;/3

*

Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ- Ôs( 42/2 *

åBP0JbÏ!+ AbÏ!>Â p4/2

*

á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ï0* )J*0� 9o/2

*

íB>ÂÑ!MÏ?^ 1p/2 *

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

áæBXo A> ä!TP A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> VP?#P å!bB+Ï ÒÇ VM BCÏ =>Ç?@ NJ' ÑÏ ¡[JO\( N+Ç ÑÏ íÏ0*

0HI> =>!@ V" ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' ÔeJSPÇ ¡ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ Ï0rU#@- Ôs( æÂÑ!MÏ?^íB> äÇ?L@ V'

¡ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ í?h qP!> æ=>!@ V" AbÏ!>Â ¡åBP0JbÏ!+ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ Ï0rU#@- m+!%P æ

O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ A`?#W> qP!> äÇ?L@ V' á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ï0* )J*0�ÔÒ?> á! A> $!'L Ú?#Z> ÑÏ YB

=>Ç?@ íÏ0*0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' eJPÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ A`?#W> qP!> äÇ?L@ V' A+!"!L$

YB$ NJSP!J> Êæ!d( íÑÇÏ!LW> äB$ N$æÑ Ñ?cL> V' A]!gL%"Ç Ñ!> �a" ÑÏ =>Ç?@ Ú?#Z>

íÏ0*0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' . åB$ Vg"!\> VP!J> å0#P !'5/2' !+ ¡< æ )'!H ÔÒÑÇ A(Ñ!g@ V

ä?>Ò ÒÇ ¡!RP V&+!O> NJL�#Ct å0J|%> i( )'!H ÔÒÑÇ !' áæBX ÑÏ7 YB$ åÏ!d%"Ç

$áæ9dh@$$3;*ræ$íÏ10$H(Ç,6$äÇa;(1I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$$ä,(ÒÂ$¡t$3&"I$ÔÒÑÇ$"&$

ÏÇ9*-$O;W!";($$ÝÇ1_!Ç

Ñ";*($

$ÔÒÑÇ

3&"I$$$å1g!t

$)dÑÏ

íÏÇÒÂ

'*($$íÑÇÏ

T)'(ÇÏ$æÏQ$

$Êæ"\-

O;W!";($

291 op/2 47/; 5/2 op9/o 29; ;;;/; 1p4/;

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

Page 17: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

17 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

áæBX ÑÏ VM Ñ?aP!#C7 A> åBC!T> ÑÇBO> V' VX?( !' ¡BJLMtÏÇÒÂ VXÑÏ ¡ �a" æ í

ALW> íÑÇÏ =l!E.op9/o �t ¡29;� df ¡;;;/;�p< ' NJSP!J>V ÒÇ åB> )"Ï íÏ0* =>Ç?@0HI>

ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' P!J> ÒÇ. åB$ Vg"!\> V5/2ALW> Êæ!d( íÇÑÇÏ æ 0(u!' < ALW> N+Ç V' Y)"Ç íÑÇÏ

ALW> �a" ÑÏ VMíÑÇÏ ;5/; ! íÏ0* =>Ç?@ NJSP!J>0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' å0#P V' )g&P

!J> VPV+ÇÑÇ ALW> Ýs%^Ç íÇÑÇÏ ¡åB$ A> íÑÇÏ YB$!'

áÇ]+$&$ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$ !"(Ò"+$H(Ç,6$)=$@ãæÏ_-$ÇÑ$Ñ">$n;_($)$31;IJ-$ ($ÑÇ1o$¿9'?Ï$

ä!#C áæBX ÑÏ VM Ñ?]p A> åBC!T> Ï?$ AU>!@ Ñ!' äÇeJ>F$ AP!>Ò!" =>!@0HI> 0'

ÒÇ 0%TJ' ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ3/; ALW> äÇeJ> æ . !RP íÑÇÏt ÏB@ ÒÇ 0%TJ' <2 A> !>Ç YB$!'æÏ =>!@

0JJ|( 0'Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O> æ Þ?*!> )WP!#> ÒÇ 0%#M AU>!@ Ñ!' íÇÑÇÏ3/; J> æALW> äÇe . íÑÇÏt <

ÏB@ ÒÇ 0%#M2 A> YB$!' äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E æ NJJg( äÇeJ> N+0%TJ' íÇÑÇÏÞ?*!> )WP!#> íÇÑÇÏ

=>!@ =M jP!+ÑÇæ ÑÏ NJJg( äÇeJ> N+0%#M AP!>Ò!"0HI> A> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' YB$!'

áæ9d$S@$$äÇa;($H(Ç,6$íÑÇÏ$ '*($æ$ .("6$í"?Ñ"& !"(Ò"+$1I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$

ÑÏO;;5-$94$)\P]($$"?$ .("6$Ñ"& íÑÇÏ$ '*($9;8J-$H("6$

1 äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E1 p9/; 2;/7 AU'

2 ÏÑ?^Ò!' 79/; 51/o AU'

3 íÏ0* AdL> í!CB>!J82 72/; pp/4 AU'

4 Þ?*!> )+!#E oo/; 53/o AU'

5 åÏ!d%"Ç )l0*3 49/; 1o/5 AU'

o íÏ0* )g{> í!CB>!J8 45/; ;7/4 AU'

7 Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O>0JJ|( 0'4 2p/; 9;/1 0J^

p Þ?*!> )WP!#>5 15/; o9/1 0J^

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

æ A+!"!L$ ÒÇ j8 NJL�#CBJ+f( AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@0HI> !RPÂ NJ' AS%&g#C ¡ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0'

)*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> 0+Ò Í0$ V' ä?"0J8 AS%&g#C ä?>ÒÂ [+0] ÒÇ eJPY

1-Peer Support 2-Negative Personal Outcomes 3-Opportunity to Use 4-Resistance to Change 5-Supervisor Sanctions

Page 18: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

1p A"Ñ0'> =>Ç?@á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

$áæ9dR@$$V81-"(ä,+1;7$ WK#5g? $ !"(Ò"+$H(Ç,61I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&

�� " ÑÏ ÑÇÏ ALW> �a;;1/; æ� �a" ÑÏ ÑÇÏ ALW>;5/;

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

)WP!#>

Þ?*!>

Ï )>æ!O> Ñ

0JJ|( 0'Ç0'

í!CB>!J8

)g{>

)l0*

åÏ!d%"Ç Þ?*!> )+!#E AdL> í!CB>!J8 ÏÑ?^Ò!'

)+!#E

äÇÑ!r#C

äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E R ;41/; ;pp/; **292/; **335/; **4po/; **592/; **o22/; 1

Sig. 4p5/; 134/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/;

ÏÑ?^Ò!' R 1;5/; **1o2/; **237/; **393/; **29;/; **394/; 1

Sig. ;75/; ;;o/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/;

AdL> í!CB>!J8 R **255/; **33/; **4p4/; **237/; **5o5/; 1

Sig. ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/;

Þ?*!> )+!#E R **215/; **23o/; **45o/; **5p3/; 1

Sig. ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/; ;;;/;

åÏ!d%"Ç )l0* R ;o7/; **19;/; **224/; 1

Sig. 253/; ;;1/; ;;;/;

)g{> í!CB>!J8 R **294/; **232/; 1

Sig. ;;;/; ;;;/;

0JJ|( 0'Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O> R **44o/; 1

Sig. ;;;/;

Þ?*!> )WP!#> R 1

Sig.

Page 19: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

19 A"Ñ0'> =>Ç?@á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

VM Ñ?] ä!#CáæBX ÑÏ 9 A> åBC!T> BJLM¡ V' VX?( !' ALW> íÑÇÏ í!CåB> )"Ï V' ÑÏ

�a";5/; ! AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@ V#C0HI> ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0' V' YBPÑÇÏ )g{> AS%&g#C xC !'

NJ' Va'ÇÑ eX!' Þ?*!> )WP!#> )l0* æ ÏÑ?^Ò!' æ äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E åÏ!d%"Ç NJL�#C º eZ'

NJ' Va'ÇÑäÇÑ!r#C )+!#E !' 0JJ|( 0'Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O>$ALW> 0JK æ )g{> VM ÑÇÏ 0+!" Va'ÇÑ ¡)"Ç

AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@0HI> xC !' ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0'ALW> æ )g{> ÑÇÏ Y)"Ç F+Çe*Ç !' VM ALW> N+Ç V' 0C

ÒÇ i+!RPÂ ¡ 0+!"Ò!" =>Ç?@ AP!> F+Çe*Ç eJPV%*!+ !' æ FC!M AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@ ÒÇ i+ 0C0HI> 0'

ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0+!" ¡ AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@CÇ?^ FC!M eJPLY)*!+ B NJ' Ñ?M6> w'ÇæÑ ÒÇ NJL�#C

AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@0HI> ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' ÏÑ?^Ò!' æ äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E =>!@ æÏ NJ' Va'ÇÑ

.;;;/;�p ,o22/; �r <0(u!' íÇÑÇÏäÇeJ> N+ æ ¡ )WP!#> æ äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E =>!@ æÏ NJ' Va'ÇÑ

Þ?*!>.;;;/;�p ,;41/; �r <äÇeJ> N+0%#M íÇÑÇÏ A> AS%&g#C YB$!' V>ÇÏÇ ÑÏ ÒÇ j8

æ A+!"!L$BJ+f( AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@0HI> eJ> æ )JWDæ ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' ä?>Ò [+0] ÒÇ eJP !RP äÇ

i( A( )*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> å0J|%>Y N+B' Ñ?cL> ÇB%'Ç¡Ñ!JW> ÝÇ0\PÇ ¡NJSP!J>. AdJl?( Ñ!>Â ÒÇ

åÏÇÏ =JU\( íÇ0' <VLJTJ' ¡VLJ#M q#X í!C åB$ íÑæ AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'

YB$ åÏ!d%"Ç

$áæ9dAX$@$ !"(Ò"+$H(Ç,6$ \;4,-$Ñ"(Â1I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$H("6$ÏÇ9*- O;W!";( )8,MiO;W!";($Ñ";*($ÝÇ1_!Ç g>)'; )';D;&$

äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E 291 92/p 97/2 5p/2 ;;/3 ;;/15

ÏÑ?^Ò!' 291 o7/p p9/2 o3/2 ;;/3 ;;/15

AdL> í!CB>!J8 291 o;/11 po/3 4o/2 ;;/o ;;/15

Þ?*!> )+!#E 291 2;/11 73/3 p5/2 ;;/5 ;;/15

åÏ!d%"Ç )l0* 291 7p/o 39/3 p3/1 ;;/2 ;;/1;

)g{> í!CB>!J8 291 19/11 73/3 ;1/3 ;;/3 ;;/15

0JJ|( 0'Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O> 291 22/1; 4;/3 21/2 ;;/5 ;;/15

)WP!#> Þ?*!> 291 41/11 p;/3 p1/2 ;;/3 ;;/15

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

$

áæBX ÑÏ1; =>Ç?@ VrL+Ç íÇ0' AP!>Ò!"0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' V' )g&P V&+!O> ='!h xC

 NJSP!J> BL$!' P!R !' ' xJ&O(V+?b ÏÇBW( 0 V]?'0> í!C Vg"!\>YB$ åÏÇÏ áæBX í!C1; í!+?b

=>Ç?@ ä!J> ÒÇ ¡[JO\( N+Ç ÑÏ A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> VP?#P å!bB+Ï ÒÇ VM )"Ç Ú?D?> N+Ç AP!>Ò!"0HI> 0'

¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇíÏ0* AdL> í!CB>!J8 )"Ç ÑÇÏÑ?^0' NJSP!J> N+0(u!' ÒÇ .po/3<`!E ÑÏ N+Ç ºA

Page 20: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 2;

VM )"ÇÏÑ?^Ò!' NJ+!8 ÒÇ)"Ç ÑÇÏÑ?^0' NJSP!J> N+0( .p9/2<Y j~"$ AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@ )JWDæ

0HI> )*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' åÑ!$ áæBX.11<º

$áæ9dAA@$$ !"(Ò"+$H(Ç,6$í9'&$)dÑÏ1I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$H("6$)8,MiO;W!";($5/2 M <$5/3 !(51/2 M= 4 !(51/3 M=$;1/4 M >$

äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E 97/2

*

ÏÑ?^Ò!' p9/2

*

AdL> í!CB>!J8 po/3

*

Þ?*!> )+!#E 73/3

*

åÏ!d%"Ç )l0* 39/3

*

)g{> í!CB>!J8 73/3

*

0JJ|( 0'Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O> 4;/3

*

)WP!#> Þ?*!> p;/3

*

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

ä!#C VM Ñ?] áæBX11 eJP A> ä!TP ÒÇ BCÏ0cP Ñ?> VP?#P Ï NJ' ÑÏ ¡[JO\( N+Ç ÑÏ A"Ñ0'

=>Ç?@ AP!>Ò!"0HI> =>!@ Ñ!Rv ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' )l0* ¡ÏÑ?^Ò!' ¡äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E åÏ!d%"Ç æ

0'Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O>ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ A`?#W> qP!> äÇ?L@ V' 0JJ|( º=>!@ Ñ!Rv AdL> í!CB>!J8

íÏ0* ¡æ íÏ0* )g{> í!CB>!J8 ¡Þ?*!> )+!#E ?*!> )WP!#> �JWD )&J`!(!M äÇ?L@ V' ÞíÇ0'

ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ A> $!'L =>Ç?@ Ú?#Z> ÑÏ YB AP!>Ò!"0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' eJP qP!> äÇ?L@ V'

ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ A`?#W> YB$ A+!"!L$ N$æÑ Ñ?cL> V' A]!gL%"Ç Ñ!> �a" ÑÏ ¡æÑ N+Ç ÒÇ

NJSP!J> Êæ!d( íÑÇÏ!LW> äB$ =>Ç?@ Ú?#Z> AP!>Ò!"0HI> 'ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0 VP!J> å0#P !'

. åB$ Vg"!\>5/2 æ )'!H ÔÒÑÇ A(Ñ!g@ V' !+ ¡< ä?>ÒÂ ÒÇ ¡!RPÂ V&+!O> NJL�#Ct å0J|%> i( !'

)'!H ÔÒÑÇ áæBX ÑÏ12 YB$ åÏ!d%"Ç

$áæ9dAU@$$3;*ræ$ !"(Ò"+$H(Ç,61I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$$ä,(ÒÂ$¡t$3&"I$ÔÒÑÇ$"&$

ÏÇ9*-$O;W!";($$ÝÇ1_!Ç

Ñ";*($

$ÔÒÑÇ

I3&"$$$å1g!t

$)dÑÏ

íÏÇÒÂ

'*($$íÑÇÏ

T)'(ÇÏ$æÏQ$

$Êæ"\-

O;W!";($

291 47/3 5o/; 5/2 5o5/29 29; ;;;/; 979/;

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

Page 21: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

21 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

áæBX ÑÏ VM Ñ?aP!#C 12 A> åBC!T> V' VX?( !' ¡BJLM ÑÇBO>t �a" æ íÏÇÒ VXÑÏ

ALW> íÑÇÏ =l!E.5o5/29 �t ¡29;� df ¡;;;/;�p< ' NJSP!J> ÒÇ åB> )"B AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@

0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'. åB$ Vg"!\> VP!J> ÒÇ ¡5/2ALW> Êæ!d( íÇÑÇÏ æ 0(u!' < N+Ç V' Y)"Ç íÑÇÏ

ALW> �a" ÑÏ VM ALW>íÑÇÏ ;5/; ! AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@ NJSP!J>0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' )g&P

VP!J> å0#P V'V+ÇÑÇ ^Ç íÇÑÇÏ ¡åB$ALW> Ýs% A> íÑÇÏ YB$!'

$

áÇ]+$&$ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$ NÒ,(Â$H(Ç,6$)=$@ã,+$3_-$ÇÑ$Ñ">$n;_($)1;IJ-$ ($ÑÇ1o$¿9'?Ï$

$

áæ9d$A[$äÇa;($@$H(Ç,6$íÑÇÏ$ '*($æ$ .("6$í"?Ñ"& NÒ,(Â$1I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$

O;;5-$94ÑÏ$)\P]($$"?$ .("6$Ñ"& íÑÇÏ$ '*($9;8J-$H("6$

1 á!O%PÇ Í0]1 9o/; 51/9 AU'

2 ßÑÏ A+Ç?%\> Ñ!g%@Ç 0JbÇ0* w"?( åB$2 po/; ;o/o AU'

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

ä!#C áæBX ÑÏ VM Ñ?]13 åBC!T> A> AU>!@ Ñ!' äÇeJ> BJLMæÏ =>!@ A$Ò?> 0HI> 0'

ÒÇ 0%TJ' ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ3/; ALW> äÇeJ> æ . !RP íÑÇÏt ÏB@ ÒÇ 0%TJ' <2 A> YB$!'á!O%PÇ Í0]

æ NJJg( äÇeJ> N+0%TJ' íÇÑÇÏ%@Ç0JbÇ0* w"?( åB$ ßÑÏ A+Ç?%\> Ñ!g äÇeJ> N+0%#M íÇÑÇÏ

=>!@ =M jP!+ÑÇæ ÑÏ NJJg( A$Ò?>Â0HI> A> ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0' YB$!' æ A+!"!L$ ÒÇ j8 NJL�#C

BJ+f( A$Ò?>Â =>Ç?@0HI> AS%&g#C ä?>ÒÂ [+0] ÒÇ eJP !RPÂ NJ' AS%&g#C ¡ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0'

)*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> ä?"0J8 Y �a" ÑÏíÑÇÏ ALW> ;5/; ! V>!P0' V' Ø?'0> =>!@ æÏ

VM A$Ò?>Â0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'BL%&C ALW> æ u!' )g{> AS%&g#C xC !' íÑÇÏ.;;;/;�p

,735/; �r< F+Çe*Ç !' VM ALW> N+Ç V' YBPÑÇÏ ¡!RPÂ ÒÇ i+ 0C%*!+ F+Çe*Ç eJP í0S+ÏV !' æ

FC!Mi+ 0Cí0S+Ï ¡ Y)*!+ BCÇ?^ FC!M eJP ÑÏ æ A+!"!L$ ÒÇ j8 V>ÇÏÇBJ+f( A$Ò?>Â =>Ç?@

I> )JWDæ ¡ÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ 0' 0Hi+ 0C )*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> å0J|%> i( A( ä?>ÒÂ [+0] ÒÇ Y

$

$áæ9dAY@$]($ NÒ,(Â$H(Ç,6$ \;4,-$Ñ"(ÂÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$1I

H("6$ÏÇ9*- O;W!";( )8,MiO;W!";($Ñ";*($ÝÇ1_!Ç )';g> )';D;&$

Ñ!g%@ÇÇ?%\>A+ 2pp 32/9 1;/3 4p/2 ;;/4 ;;/15

á!O%PÇ Í0] 291 13/9 ;4/3 92/2 ;;/3 ;;/15

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

1-Transfer Design 2-Perceived Content Validity

Page 22: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 22

áæBX ÑÏ14 =>Ç?@ VrL+Ç íÇ0' A$Ò?>Â0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'C V' )g&P ¡ V&+!O> ='!h x

P NJSP!J> BL$!'!R !' V+?b ÏÇBW( 0' xJ&O( !C Vg"!\>YB$ åÏÇÏ í!C N+Ç!+?b áæBX N+Ç í

Ï A"Ñ0' ÏÑ?> VP?#P å!bB+Ï ÒÇ VM )"Ç Ú?D?>[JO\( N+Ç Ñ =>Ç?@ ä!J> ÒÇ A$Ò?>Â0HI> 0'

¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ0JbÇ0* w"?( åB$ ßÑÏ A+Ç?%\> Ñ!g%@Ç í0(u!' NJSP!J> ÒÇ.1;/3< V' )g&P Í0]

á!O%PÇ .;4/3 <Y)"Ç ÑÇÏÑ?^0' ¡j~" A$Ò?> =>Ç?@ äÇeJ> æ )JWDæ0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'

>)*0b ÑÇ0h A"Ñ0' ÏÑ? Y

$áæ9dAk@$$ NÒ,(Â$H(Ç,6$í9'&$)dÑÏ1I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$H("6$)8,MiO;W!";($5/2 M<$5/3 !(51/2 M= 4 !(51/3 M=$;1/4 M>$

Ñ!g%@ÇÇ?%\>A+ 1;/3

*

á!O%PÇ Í0] ;4/3

*

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'(

$

áæBX15 A> ä!TP ÏÑ?> VP?#P å!bB+Ï ÒÇ VM BCÏ =>Ç?@ NJ' ÑÏ ¡[JO\( N+Ç ÑÏ A"Ñ0'

A$Ò?>Â0HI> =>!@ æÏ 0C ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' 0JbÇ0* w"?( åB$ ßÑÏ A+Ç?%\> Ñ!g%@Ç æ Í0]

á!O%PÇ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ A`?#W> qP!> äÇ?L@ V' A> $!'LYB A]!gL%"Ç Ñ!> �a" ÑÏ ¡æÑ N+Ç ÒÇ

NJSP!J> Êæ!d( íÑÇÏ!LW> äB$ N$æÑ Ñ?cL> V' @ Ú?#Z> =>Ç? A$Ò?>Â0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' !'

. åB$ Vg"!\> VP!J> å0#P5/2 ä?>ÒÂ ÒÇ ¡!RPÂ V&+!O> NJL�#C æ )'!H ÔÒÑÇ A(Ñ!g@ V' !+ ¡<t i(

å0J|%> )'!H ÔÒÑÇ !' áæBX ÑÏ1o YB$ åÏ!d%"Ç

$áæ9dAj@$$3;*ræ$ NÒ,(Â$H(Ç,61I]($ÔÒ,(Â$á"CK!Ç$1&$$ä,(ÒÂ$¡t$3&"I$ÔÒÑÇ$"&$

ÏÇ9*-$O;W!";($!Ç$ÝÇ1_

Ñ";*($

$ÔÒÑÇ

3&"I$$$å1g!t

$)dÑÏ

íÏÇÒÂ

'*($$íÑÇÏ

T)'(ÇÏ$æÏQ$

$Êæ"\-

O;W!";($

2pp ;7/3 p4/; 5/2 71;/11 2p7 ;;;/; 579/;

Tä"M9!Ñ"W!$Ê"5+"_(Q$@%5'($

áæBX ÑÏ VM Ñ?aP!#C1o A> åBC!T> ÑÇBO> V' VX?( !' ¡BJLMt �a" æ íÏÇÒ VXÑÏ ¡

ALW> íÑÇÏ =l!E.71;/11 �t ¡2p7� df¡ ;;;/;�p< ' NJSP!J>V ÒÇ åB> )"Ï A$Ò?> =>Ç?@

0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'. åB$ Vg"!\> VP!J> ÒÇ ¡5/2ALW> Êæ!d( íÇÑÇÏ æ 0(u!' < V' Y)"Ç íÑÇÏ

¡0S+Ï ÊÑ!g@ ALW> �a" ÑÏíÑÇÏ ;5/; ! A$Ò?> =>Ç?@ NJSP!J>0HI> ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'

!J> å0#P V' )g&P VPV+ÇÑÇ Ýs%^Ç íÇÑÇÏ ¡åB$ALW> A> íÑÇÏ YB$!'

Page 23: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

23 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

YB$$)e;K!$æ$s_&$í1;M$

> =>Ç?@ V@?#Z>I 0H 0'äÇeJ> Ò?> á!O%PÇA> ÇÑ äÇ0JbÇ0* Ô AUlÇ V%"Ï V" n`!h ÑÏ äÇ?(

¡íÏ0* VOg] V>!P0' V' Ø?'0> æ AP!>Ò!" YÏ?#P íBL' VM Ï?' ä ÒÇ AM!E FCæG8 N+Ç m+!%P NJ' ÑÏ

JSPÇ =>!@ V" ¡ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> íÏ0* =>Ç?@Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ ¡Ôe- Ï?^ æ Ôs(íB>ÂÑ!M

> äÇ?L@ V'? í?h qPÇÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ Ï0rU#@ ÊÇÑ!c%PÇ ¡åBP0JbÏ!+ AbÏ!> =>!@ V" æ-

ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ A`?#W> qPÇ?> äÇ?L@ V' á!O%PÇ íÇ0' Ï0* )J*0� æ m+!%PA> BL$!' Y N+Ç 0'

Ó!"Ç A> äÇ?( )db VM N+Ç V' äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ ÒÇ V%"Ï @?=>Ç íÏ0* VX?( B+!'åÏ?#P í0%TJ' æ

N+B' åÑæÏ ÒÇ =gh á!{> äÇ?L@ V' Ñ?cL> åÑæÏ íÇ?%\> æ ÝÇBCÇ ÒÇ ÇÑ äÇ0JbÇ0* ÑÏ YÏÒ!" å!bÂ

áB> ÑÏ !%"ÇÑ NJ#C. ÏÑ?* æ N+æB`!'199pAbG+æ < í!C ÑÏ Ò?>ÂÑ!MÔÒ?>Â á!O%PÇ �a" F+Çe*Ç

Ç Ar+ äÇ?L@ V'AUlÇ Ò $ A*0W> =>Ç?@ N+0(�J( æ 0+!( Ê!W`!a> ÑÏ Y)"Ç åB. Ê?1995 eJP <

íB>ÂÑ!MÏ?^ <íÏ0* =>!@ i+. V' í!O(ÑÇ ÑÏ ãÒu AbG+æ äÇ?L@ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ äÇeJ>Í0a> åB$

)"Ç!g> V' VX?( !' æ Ú?#Z> ÑÏ Y' m+!%P æ Þ?* FCæG8 APV åB> )"ÏA> M )$ÇÏ ä!@ÐÇ äÇ?( V

V%*!+ FCæG8 í!C 0D!E Õ?t^ ÑÏ 0JHf( AbG+æ í!C íÏ0*ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ äÇeJ> 0' !' !%"ÇÑ xC

N+æB`!' FCæG8 .19pp< æ ÏææÓ1 äÇÑ!r#C æ .2;;7 <A> B$!' ÑÏ Y AP!>Ò!" =>Ç?@ åÒ?E0HI>

ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' ¡=>!@ Ñ!Rv )l0* ¡ÏÑ?^Ò!' ¡äÇÑ!r#C )+!#E V%^?> ÒÇ åÏ!d%"Ç íÇ0' ãÒu !C æ

0'Ç0' ÑÏ )>æ!O>ÑÏ A`?#W> qP!> äÇ?L@ V' 0JJ|( ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' º=>!@ Ñ!Rv AdL> í!CB>!J8

íÏ0* ¡æ íÏ0* )g{> í!CB>!J8 ¡Þ?*!> )+!#E ÑÏ �JWD )&J`!(!M äÇ?L@ V' Þ?*!> )WP!#>

ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' BPB$ A+!"!L$Ú?#Z> ÑÏ Y äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ ÑÏ =>Ç?@ AP!>Ò!"0HI> á!O%PÇ 0'

ÔÒ?> eJPO%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ A`?#W> qP!> äÇ?L@ V'ÔÒ?> á! A> =#@ BLLMY áB> ÑÏ !%"ÇÑ NJ#C ÑÏ

. ÏÑ?* æ N+æB`!'199pAbG+æ < )+!#E ¡Ñ!M wJ\> í!C Ò?>Ñ!M ÒÇ ÑÏ åÏ!d%"Ç )l0* æ F+Çe*Ç

ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ äÇeJ> AUlÇ ÒÇ Ar+ äÇ?L@ V' B$ A*0W> =>Ç?@ N+0(å ÇYBP Ê!W`!a> ÑÏ æ 0+!(

�J(. Ê?1995Òu AbG+æ äÇ?L@ V' AP!>Ò!" ?X eJP <!O(ÑÇ ÑÏ ãí ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ �a" A*0W>

åB$Y)"Ç ' m+!%P æ Þ?* FCæG8 AP!g> V' VX?( !' æ Ú?#Z> ÑÏV > )"ÏA> ¡åB ä!@ÐÇ äÇ?(

V%*!+ VM )$ÇÏ í!C N+ÇG8Õ?t^ ÑÏ FCæ 0JHf( AbG+æ AaJ\> í!CÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ äÇeJ> 0'

xC N+æB`!' FCæG8 !' !%"ÇÑ .19pp<¡ �J( æ 0+!(Ê? .1995<æÏ ¡æäÇÑ!r#C æ Ó .2;;7< æNv2

äÇÑ!r#C æ.2;;5 <A> YB$!'Ø?'0> A+!RP m+!%P V' =>Ç?@ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> A$Ò?> ÑÏ

äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ ¡ VM )"Ç ä ÒÇ AM!E=>!@ æÏ 0C 0JbÇ0* w"?( åB$ ßÑÏ A+Ç?%\> Ñ!g%@Ç æ Í0]

á!O%PÇ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ 0'Ç0' ÑÏ A`?#W> qP!> äÇ?L@ V' A> =#@ BLLM YÊuÇI" ÑÏ VrL+Ç V' Ø?'0>

1-Devos 2-Chen

Page 24: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

á!" ¡AP!&PÇ q'!L> VW"?( æ ÔÒ?> V>!LUt*ãæÏ åÑ!#$ ¡5 ¡ä!%&'!( 1394 24

AT_'0HÇ í?S`Ç íÇÑÇÏ å!STPÇÏ !+ A> VX?%> ¡)"Ç n"!L> A'!J$ÒÑÇ æ äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ VM x+?$

åÑæÏ AT_'0HÇ æ A'!J$ÒÑÇ V' B+!' áB> ÑÏ !%"ÇÑ NJ#C ÑÏ YB+!#P VX?( 0%TJ' A$Ò?> í!C

. ÏÑ?* æ N+æB`!'199p0JbÏ!+ á?lÇ ¡A$Ò?> íÇ?%\> ¡A$Ò?> AEÇ0] < íVU#X ÒÇ AUlÇ ( N+0

=>Ç?@ ÔÒ?> á!O%PÇ äÇeJ> ÑÏåB$ A*0W> BPÇY ÓææÏ Ê!W`!a> m+!%P NJL�#C äÇÑ!r#C æ

.2;;7 VM Ï?' 0>Ç N+Ç NJg> <V>!P0' AEÇ0] V' Ø?'0> í!CÑ?%M!* xR> A$Ò?>Â í!C qPÇ?> N+0(

>ä!>Ò!" á!O%PÇ x%&J" ÑÏ Ï?X? !CåÏ?' VW`!a> ÏÑ?> í BPÇY äÇ?( A> Ú?#Z> ÑÏÇ VM )$ÇÏ ä!@Ð

V%*!+ ÑÏ FCæG8 N+Ç í!C^ Õ?t0JHf( AbG+æ ÑÏ A$Ò?> í!Cá!O%PÇ äÇeJ> xC ÔÒ?> !' !%"ÇÑ

ÏÑ?* æ N+æB`!' FCæG8 .199p<+æÑ ¡UBUb æ 0N+!%$ .1993<ÓææÏ ¡ æäÇÑ!r#C .2;;7<

A> ÑÇeb0' V' åBP0JbÏ!+ AbÏ!>Â Õ?t^ ÑÏ åB>Â )"Ï V' m+!%P V' VX?( !' YB$!' ä!bBLLM N+Ç

åÑæÏ äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏ ÑÏ !C A> Ï!RLTJ8 M ÏÏ0b)M0$ ¡A$Ò?> åÑæÏ Úæ0$ ÒÇ =gh V ÒÇ ÇÑ ä!bBLLM

æ 0S+Ï í?" ÒÇ YBPÒ!" å!b åÑæÏ Ï0rU#@ æ ÝÇBCÇ' m+!%P V' VX?( !'V Õ?t^ ÑÏ åB> )"Ï

ÝBC åÑæÏ N+Ç ä!bBLLMÑÇeb0' V' A$Ò?> íÑÇ6b !C A> Ï!RLTJ8 Ò?> åÑæÏ ÝÇBCÇ VM ÏÏ0b !' A$

í!CÒ!JP !' n"!L%> æ Ñ!M Ê!J�%O> V' VX?(ä )M0$ )J&LX æ N" æ ä!bBLLM åÑæÏ ÑÏ í!C

AEÇ0] A$Ò?>ÂBLLM YA> Ï!RLTJ8 A'!J$ÒÑÇ VLJ>Ò ÑÏ å!(?M ÑÏ !( ÏÏ0b V' Nr#> ä!>Ò N+0(

)M0$ åÑæÏ ÑÏ ä!bBLLM Ï?$ åÏÇÏ ÏÑ?^Ò!' A$Ò?> í!CY CÔæÑ ÒÇ NJL�# íÇ0' Ú?L%> í!C

'!J$ÒÑÇ#R> =>!@ eJP A'!J$ÒÑÇ ßs> äÏ?' N$æÑ V%g`Ç YÏÏ0b åÏ!d%"Ç AA ä V' VX?( VM )"Ç

A> åÑæÏ AT_'0HÇ Ê!gX?> BPÇ?( æ )g{> AP!>Ò!" ?X YB+!#P xCÇ0* ÇÑ Ñ?M6> A$Ò?> í!C È?Ua>

ÑÏ eJPV%^?> á!O%PÇ äÇeJ> F+Çe*Ç Ñ!M wJ\> V' !C Çe&' FOP íÇÑÇÏA+ )"Ç YÓ!"Ç N+Ç 0'

> Ï!RLTJ8A A$ÒÑÇ í!�* æ BL+!#P íÑ!r#C A#C!d( í!�* ÑÏ Ï?^ ä!LMÑ!M !' äÇ0+B> VM ÏÏ0b

åÏ!d%"Ç )l0* VLJ>Ò ÑÏ YBPÑæ xCÇ0* ÔÒ?> Õ?t^ ÑÏ ÇÑ )g{> ä!%"080" æ äÇ0+B> V'

äÇ0R( å!STPÇÏA> Ï!RLTJ8 VM ÏÏ0b VM BL+!#P Ï!Z+Ç ÇÑ Aa+Ç0$ ä!LMÑ!Mä!r>Ç ÒÇ åÏ!d%"Ç

V%^?>Â í!C ÑÏ Ï?^\>Ñ!M wJ YBL$!' V%$ÇÏ ÇÑ

Page 25: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25

25 A"Ñ0'á!O%PÇ 0' 0HI> =>Ç?@ /YYYAP!"Ç0^ )Ul!'Ç ¡Ó!g@ Ó!g@ 8Ñ? ¡A+!*æ íBR> åÏÇÒ

kB$%&"'($

Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for

future research. Personnel Psychology, 41(1), 63-105.

Chen,!H.!C.,!Holton,!E.!F.!III!and!Bates,!R.!(2005),!�Development!and!validation of

the learning transfer system inventory in Taiwan�.!Human Resource Development

Quarterly, 16(1), 55-84.

Devos,! C.,! Dumay,! X.,! Bonami,! M.,! Bates,! R.! and! Holton,! E.F.! III! (2007),! �The

Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI) translated into French: internal

structure and predictive dissertation, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MNY

Holton, E. F., Bates, R., & Ruona,W. E. A. (2000). Development of a generalized

learning transfer system inventory. Human resource development quarterly, 11(4),

333-360.

Kontoghiorghes,!C.!(2001),!�Factors!affecting!training!effectiveness!in!the!context!of!

the introduction of a new technology � A!US!case!study.�,! International Journal

of Training and Development, 5(4), 248-260.

Kozlowski, S.W.J., & Salas, E. (1997). An organizational systems approach for the

implementation and transfer of training. In. J.K. Ford & Associates (Eds.),

Improving training effectiveness in work organizations (pp. 247- 290), Mahwah,

NJ: LEA.

Rouiller, J.Z. & Goldstein, I.L. (1993). The relationship between organizational

transfer climate and positive transfer oftraining. Human resource development

quarterly, 4(4), 377-390.

Salas,! E.,! Wilson,! K.,! Priest,! H.! and! Guthrie,! J.! (2006),! �Design,! Delivery,! and!

Evaluation! of! Training! Systems�,! in! G.! Salvendy (ed.), Handbook of Human

Factors and Ergonomics, Third Edition, 472-512.

Thayer,!P.!W.!and!Teachout,!M.!S.!(1995),!�A!climate!for!transfer!model!(AL/IIR-TP-

1995-0035).Brooks Air Force Base, TX. Technical training research division,

Armstrong Laboratory�,! in! K.Kraiger! (ed.),! Creating, Implementing, and

Managing Effective Training and Development: State-ofthe-Art Lessons for

Practice (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass), pp. 263�301.

Tracey, J.B., Tannenbaum, S.I., & Kavanagh, M.J. (1995). Applying trained skills on

the job: The importtance of the work environment. Journal of applied

psychology, 80(2), 239.

Velada, Raquel. Caetano, Antonio(2009)," Learning transfer � validation of the

learning transfer system inventory in Portugal". Journal of European Industrial

Training, 33(7), 635-656.

Page 26: ä+/0Ñ+0 123 456 í+7 ÔÒ#´ Ñˇ ÔÒ#´ Æ+,-.˙ ’( ’)* !˙#$ %&Ñ ...istd.saminatech.ir/WebUsers/istd/UploadFiles/OK/... · !"#!˙$%&"’($)*+,-$æ$ÔÒ,(´$)("’./0 1-25