0. viticultura - presentación

8/3/2019 0. Viticultura - Presentacin

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2/28

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3/28

;

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kge kgaexcgkf% Al jo`axgsj ha a{xa Mfeqfl Cjrmfxgsj ae Sgxgkqlxqrf a{ alha ~jear f hg{~j{gkge hal gexara{fhj lakxjr lf gecjrmfkge m{ a{aekgflw ha~qrfhfmaexa ~j{gola hal ae`fmora hghkxgkj kje al vqa qej {a ae-kqaexrf kqfehj {a hg{~jea f gegkgfr{a ae al kjejkgmgaexj ha fldj% Ae al~ra{aexa xrfof`j {a bfe rakj~glfhj, kje mqkbj kfrgj, lj{ f{~akxj{ m{a{aekgfla{ {jora lf sgh w {q kqlxgsj f ~frxgr ha ogolgjdrfcf kje{jlghfhf~jr a~arxj{ ae lf mfxargf, {a bfe kje`qdfhj xfmoge frxkqlj{ ~rjka-haexa{ ha rakgaexa{ ~qolgkfkgjea{ hg{~jegola{ ae lf rah w {a bfe fhf~xf-

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4/28

8

6% XFRJEJMGF W J_DAE HA LF SGH

6% Hacgegkgjea{?% [g{xamxgkf ha lf sgh

;% Jrhaefkge hal dearj Sgxg{8% Kfrfkxar{xgkf{ daearfla{ ha lf{ ~rgekg~fla{a{~akga{

1% Hgsar{ghfh daexgkf ha lf sgh3% Jrdaea{ ha lf sgh

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?% BG[XJ_GF HAL KQLXGSJ HA LF SGHW HAL SGEJ

6% Bg{xjrgf hal kqlxgsj ha lf sgh% Gexrjhqkkge?% Axf~f{ ha lf hjma{xgkfkge ha lf sgh;% Jrgdae ha lf sgh aqrjf{gxgkf8% Bg{xjrgf hal sgej1% Bg{xjrgf ha lf sgh w al sgej ae A{~ff

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5/28

1

;% MJ_CJLJDF W J_DFEJD_FCFHA LF SGH

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6% [g{xamf rfhgkfl?% ^frxa fraf

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8% FM^ALJD_FCF

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6/28

3

1% CG[GJLJDF HA LF SGH

6% Lj{ kgklj{ ha lf sgh6%F% Kgklj sgxfl

6%O% Kgklj ogfeqfl

6%K% Kgklj feqflK%6% Kgklj sadaxfxgsjK%?% Kgklj ra~rjhqkxjr

?% Ogjvqmgkf ha lf sgh;% Mfhqrfkge ha lf qsf w {exa{g{ ha {q{

kjm~jeaexa{

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3% MQLXG^LGKFKGE HA LF SGH

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kqflgxfxgsf ae al ~rjhqkxj cgefl9 al sgej%


7/28

4

4% KLGMF W AHFCJLJDF SGXKJLF

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2% GM^LFEXFKGE, CA_XGLGPFKGEW LFOJ_A[ HAL SGAHJ

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8/28

2

7% LF[ ^JHF[ HA LF SGH

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O% Lf{ ~jhf{ ae sarha j ha ~rgmfsarf

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6>% FKKGHAEXA[ AE LF SGH

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9/28

7

66% ^FXJLJDF SGXKJLF

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6?% LF SAEHGMGF

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F% [g{xamf{ ha saehgmgf

O% Xrfe{~jrxa

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10/28

6>

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11/28

66

Fexjegj Lfrraf _ahjehj"676;-6773'Gedaegarj Fdrejmj cqa hgrakxjr ha lf A{xfkgeha Sgxgkqlxqrf w Aejljdf ha Bfrj " Lf _gj`f 'hqrfexa mqkbj{ fj{% Hahgkfhj ae ~rjcqehghfhfl a{xqhgj ha lj{ ~jrxfge`arxj{ fmargkfej{ w {qsgxgkqlxqrf a{krgog eqmarj{j{ lgorj{ w ha{xfk~jr {q{ kjlfojrfkgjea{ hgsqldfxgsf{ kje al Mg-eg{xargj ha Fdrgkqlxqrf% qolgkfhjr aexrffola~frf lf [amfef Sgxgsgekjlf ae mqkbf{ ahgkgjea{

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12/28

6?

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13/28

6;

X_FXFHJ ^_KXGKJ HA SGXGKQLXQ_F WAEJLJDF A[^FJLF[ XJMJ G SGXGKQLXQ_FHa@% MfrkgllfAhgkgjea{ [%F%A%X%F% 6732

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16/28

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17/28

64

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18/28

62

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19/28

67

F lj lfrdj ha a{xa ~argjhj, al kqlxgsj ha lf sgh {a mfexgaea drfkgf{ flf fkxgsghfh ha lj{ mjef{xargj{ krg{xgfej{ vqa ~rakg{fe sgej ~frf {q lgxqr-dgf, f{ kjmj flrahahjr ha kf{xgllj{ w ~j{a{gjea{ caqhfla{% Ae allj{ {a kql-xgsf lf sgf ~ae{fehj {jora xjhj, f~frxa ha lf eaka{ghfh ha xg~j ralgdgj{j,ae al fqxjkje{qmj j al jcrakgmgaexj ha qe ~rjhqkxj ha flxf kflghfh% Ejag{xae drfeha{ xrfe{fkkgjea{ kjmarkgfla{ w {a sf krafehj lj vqa Orfef{"6738' haejmgef sgxgkqlxqrf xrfe{~fraexa% Al sgej ~rjkaha ha qe sgahja{xfolakghj ~frf kje{adqgr lf mgmf kflghfh% Al kjeka~xj ha ~rjhqkxgsg-hfh jkq~f qe {adqehj ~lfej w ae a{xf ~jkf {a ~jeae f ~qexj xjhf{ lf{xkegkf{ ~rjkahaexa{ hal mqehj rjmfej% Lf sgxgkqlxqrf xrfhgkgjefl jbg{xrgkf flkfepf {q mgmj ha{frrjllj w a{ lf ~jkf ha lf alakkge haxarraej{ kje fqxexgkf sjkfkge sgxkjlf ha kflghfh "xgarrf{ ~jkj crxgla{,kjlgef{', sfrgahfha{ ej eaka{frgfmaexa ~rjhqkxgsf{, ~arj ha drfe cgeqrf,

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20/28

?>

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21/28

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al kjmgaepj ha lf mjxjrgpfkge ha lf sgf% Lj{ xrfkxjra{ fkjm~ffhj{ haeqasf{ mvqgef{ ha kqlxgsj, ha xrfxfmgaexj{, w wf lxgmfmaexa ha saehg-mgf, {q~jeae qe kfmogj gm~jrxfex{gmj w crakqaexamaexa orq{kj ae lfkjeka~kge ha lf{ xkegkf{ ha kqlxgsj, vqa bfw vqa ffhgr f lj{ kgxfhj{m{ frrgof% ^jr jxrj lfhj, lj{ xrfof`j{ ha gesa{xgdfkge {a ha{frrjllfe hacjrmf a{~akxfkqlfr% Lj{ a{xqhgj{ {jora ~fxjljdf ha lf sgh, cg{gjljdf wmqlxg~lgkfkge, ma`jrf daexgkf, {alakkge {fegxfrgf cforgkfkge ha qefdrfe hgsar{ghfh ha ~rjhqkxj{ ~frf f~lgkfr f lf{ ka~f{, axk%, bfe hjxfhj flf sgxgkqlxqrf ha qef {arga ha mahgj{ w kjejkgmgaexj{, ge{j{~akbfhj{,bfka {lj fldqej{ fj{% Allj {q~jea vqa lf sgxgkqlxqrf bfwf asjlqkgjefhjxfexj j m{ ae a{xa lxgmj {gdlj vqa ae xjhf {q bg{xjrgf fexargjr%

Bfw vqa {aflfr vqa a{xj{ lxgmj{ kfmogj{ w xaehaekgf{ f maeqhjbfe maej{~rakgfhj, j fl maej{ jlsghfhj, ljdrj{ w a~argaekgf{ ha lf sgxg-kqlxqrf xrfhgkgjefl% Ae ~frxa ~jrvqa lj{ jo`axgsj{ ha kflghfh w ~ar{jeflg-hfh ha lf{ sgf{ bfe {ghj raladfhj{ f qe {adqehj ~lfej craexa f lj{ krgxa-rgj{ ha ~rjhqkxgsghfh w a{xfehfrgpfkge% Ae ~frxa xfmoge ~jrvqa al sgxg-kqlxjr, ae {q fce ha raexfoglgpfr {q a~ljxfkge, ej bf xaeghj m{ rama-hgj vqa hg{mgeqgr {q{ kj{xa{ ha kqlxgsj w kje{adqgr ha {q ~rjhqkkge al

mfwjr gedra{j ~j{gola% Xjhj allj {a bf xrfhqkghj ae qef gexae{gcgkfkgeha ~jhf{ m{ lfrdf{ w ha{frrjllfhf{, alakkge ha xarraej{ crxgla{, gexae-{gcgkfkge ha fojefhj{ w rgadj{, fhj~kge ha mfrkj{ ha ~lfexfkge m{fm~lgj{, fqmaexj hal emarj ha lfojra{, axk%, lj vqa xrfa kjmj kje{a-kqaekgf qe mfwjr sgdjr w ~rjhqkkge ae lf{ sgf{, f{ kjmj qe crakqaexahaxargjrj ha lf kflghfh j al fqmaexj ha lj{ ~rjolamf{ ~fxjldgkj{ w halj{ kj{xa{ ha kqlxgsj%

Ae lf fkxqflghfh, al acakxj ~jkj oaeacgkgj{j ha lf gexae{gcgkfkge haa{f{ xkegkf{ {a ~raxaeha ~flgfr kje al am~laj ha sfrgahfha{ kje{gharf-hf{ qegsar{flmaexa kjmj ejola{ w lj{ ~rjdra{j{ ha lf aejljdf% [a kje{g-dqae f saka{ ra{qlxfhj{ fka~xfola{, vqa ~jhrfe {ar {q~argjra{ kje krgxa-rgj{ maej{ ~rjhqkxgsg{xf{ vqa jrgdgefrfe maej{ kj{xa{, cfkglgxfrfe lj{~rjka{j{ aejldgkj{ ~j{xargjra{ w flgsgfrfe ~rjolamf{ ha akahaexa{%lxgmfmaexa {a jo{arsf gevqgaxqh a gexar{ ~jr lf{ sgf{ ~ar{jeflgpfhf{ha kflghfh% [a a{ kfhf sap m{ kje{kgaexa ha {q eaka{ghfh w {a Gexaexfkrafr lf{ kjehgkgjea{ gheaf{ ~frf allj%


22/28

??

A{f{ kjehgkgjea{ a{xe ge{krgxf{ ae lf sgxgkqlxqrf xrfhgkgjefl ~rfkxg-kfhf ~jr lj{ sgxgkqlxjra{ hqrfexa xfexj{ {gdlj{0 xarraej{ kje sarhfharfsjkfkge sgxkjlf {ge hamf{gfhf carxglghfh, ~jhf{, mfrkj{ ha ~lfexfkge,fojefhj{ w rgadj{ -ae {q kf{j- rahqkghj{, oqae a{xfhj ha {feghfh halcrqxj, axk%, cfkxjra{ vqa hfe lqdfr f sgf{ kje sgdjr w ~rjhqkkgjea{ mjha-rfhf{ w ha kflghfh% Asghaexamaexa, a{xj{ cfkxjra{ hal kqlxgsj haoae sfrgfrae cqekge hal klgmf w lj{ joàxgsj{ ha kfhf kf{j% ârj ae xjhj{ allj{ {a~qaha a{xfolakar qej{ egsala{ ha mjharfkge gm~ra{kgehgola{ ~frf kje-{adqgr fl cgefl qe ~rjhqkxj efxqrfl w ejola kje haxarmgefhf ~ar{jeflg-hfh%

Al sgxgkqlxjr ej ~qaha rakbfpfr lj{ mahgj{ vqa lf xkegkf mjharef~jea f {q hg{~j{gkge w al kfmgej f {adqgr a{ qxglgpfrlj{, ~arj {flsfdqfr-

hfehj lj{ ~rgekg~gj{ ae lj{ vqa {a of{f lf sgxgkqlxqrf ha kflghfh% Ae mq-kbf{ jkf{gjea{ al sgahj {a bf fhf~xfhj f lf{ eqasf{ xkegkf{ vqa f~f-rakfe, {ge ra{~axfr a{j{ ~rgekg~gj{, kje kje{akqaekgf{ ~jkj ~j{gxgsf{% A{sarhfh vqa bfw pjef{ ae lf{ vqa lf sgxgkqlxqrf ej ~rakg{f a{xfr xfe fxaexff krgxargj{ hamf{gfhj rgdqrj{j{ wf {af ~jrvqa al ~rjhqkxj f joxaear ejlj ~rakg{a j ~jrvqa al klgmf ej lj ag`f% ârj, ~jr lj daearfl, lj{ sgej{ haflxf kflghfh eaka{gxfe a{xfr {j{xaeghj{ ~jr qef sgxgkqlxqrf cgal f lj{ ~rge-kg~gj{ xrfhgkgjefla{, fqevqa fhf~xfhf f lf{ eqasf{ xkegkf{ vqa {a gexrj-

hqkae ae a{xa kqlxgsj% A{ gm~jrxfexa vqa, ~jr jxrj lfhj, a{xf{ xkegkf{kjejpkfe ogae lf{ kfrfkxar{xgkf{ ha lf sgxgkqlxqrf kje al cge ha ej ~rjsj-kfr kfmogj{ hamf{gfhj orq{kj{ j ha{cfsjrfola{ ae al kqlxgsj% A{ eaka{f-rgj vqa mvqgef{ w alamaexj{ vqa {a gexrjhqkae ae al sgahj, {a fhf~-xae, ae lj ~j{gola, f lf jrgaexfkge ~rj~gf ha lf a~ljxfkge%

Xkegkf{ asjlqkgjefhf{

^f{fmj{ f kjmaexfr lj{ ~rgekg~fla{ kf~xqlj{ vqa {a bfe sg{xjfcakxfhj{ f xrfs{ hal xgam~j0

f' Sfrgahfha{

Fqevqa al mfxargfl sadaxfl ej kje{xgxqwa ha ~jr { qef xkegkf hakqlxgsj, hfhf {q gm~jrxfekgf w ~qa{xj vqa a{ qe cfkxjr aladghj {gam~ra~jr al sgxgkqlxjr kjesgaea kjmaexfrlj orasamaexa%


23/28

?;

Ha{ha lf ~jkf ae vqa {a {alakkgjefrje lf{ ~rgmarf{ sgha{ {glsa{-xra{ bf{xf eqa{xrj{ hf{, lf asjlqkge bf {ghj lfrdf w laexf, bfogehj{a{aflfhj m{ ha 1%>>> sfrgahfha{ ha Sgxg{ sgecarf% Lf alakkge {ade lf{~jkf{ kjmaexfhf{, bf ~qa{xj al fkaexj ae lf kflghfh hal mfxargfl j ae lf~rjhqkxgsghfh% Ae lj{ mjmaexj{ ae vqa lf sgxgkqlxqrf kjmarkgfl bf eaka-{gxfhj drfeha{ kfexghfha{ {ge cg`fr{a hamf{gfhj ae lf cgeqrf hal ~rjhqk-xj, lf{ sfrgahfha{ ~rjhqkxgsf{ kje qe ~jxaekgfl ha ejxjrgahfh w ejolapfcqarje ha{f~frakgaehj% Lf rakje{xgxqkge hal sgahj cgljarfhj gemar{fae qef {gxqfkge ha krg{g{ w al fxfvqa ha lj{ ~fr{gxj{ xrfhj{ ha{ha Fm-rgkf, ~j{xard xfmoge f qef {arga ha sfrgahfha{ w lf{ eqasf{ ~lfexfkgj-ea{ {a raflgpfrje kje qe mfxargfl sadaxfl vqa ej {gam~ra ra{~ax lf{ kqf-lghfha{ x~gkf{ ha {q{ pjef{%

Ha xjhf{ cjrmf{, bjw {a jo{arsf ae xjhj al mqehj sgxkjlf qef xae-haekgf f lf qxglgpfkge ha sfrgahfha{ ha flxf kflghfh, llfmfhf{ ma`jrfexa{ae lf{ radgjea{ sgxkjlf{ f lf{ vqa lladfe ~jr ~rgmarf sap% [ge hqhf, a{xjra{qlxf ~j{gxgsj ae ej ~jkj{ kf{j{% [ge amofrdj, xgaea al gekjesaegaexaha kjehqkgr f qef a{xfehfrgpfkge Gexarefkgjefl ha drfe emarj ha sg-ej{% [a haogarf ra{kfxfr, a{xqhgfr w am~lafr, ae {q kf{j, qef {arga ha sf-rgahfha{ fexgdqf{, bjw ae xrfeka ha ha{f~frgkge, vqa ~jhrfe sjlsar f{ar kqlxgsfhf{ ae {q{ lqdfra{ xrfhgkgjefla{, ~rj~jrkgjefehj sgej{ jrgdg-

efla{% Allj {q~jehrf, ~jr jxrj lfhj, al cjrxflakgmgaexj hal ~jxaekgfl dae-xgkj ha lf sgf%

o' ^jhf{ w hae{ghfh ha ~lfexfkge

Lf ~jhf, j~arfkge o{gkf ha lf sgxgkqlxqrf `qexj f lf saehgmgf, xqsjvqa acakxqfr{a ~jkj ha{~q{ ha ha{kqorgr al bjmora lf oallapf w {fojrha lj{ rfkgmj{ ha lf{ ~rgmarf{ sgha{ ~rj{~akkgjefhf{, fqevqa ha cjrmfmqw alamaexfl, algmgefehj orjxa{, bj`f{ w xrjekj{ vqa kje{gharf{a geea-

ka{frgj{ j ~ar`qhgkgfla{% Aexra jxrj{, lj{ adg~kgj{ w {jora xjhj lj{ drgadj{,a{xfolakgarje ejrmf{ ha ~jhf ~frf radqlfr lf ~rjhqkkge, hfr cjrmf f lf{ka~f{ w kjekaharla{ qef hqrfkge m{ j maej{ ~rjljedfhf% Lf ~lfexf {ge~jhf eg kjehqkkge kraka ha{jrhaefhfmaexa w lf kj{akbf sf ha{mara-kgaehj kje al xgam~j% Drakgf a{xfolaka qef ~jhf rahqkghf vqa xrf{lfhf flmqehj rjmfej, {g ogae ae Gxflgf lj{ axrq{kj{ "Cradjeg,6721' ~rakjegpfelf kjehqkkge ha lf sgf ae cjrmf{ flxf{, f~jwfhf{ ae rojla{% [je lf{ hj{kjeka~kgjea{ o{gkf{ ha lf ~jhf vqa, asjlqkgjefhf{, lladfe bf{xf eqa{-

xrj{ hf{%


24/28

?8

Ae al Gm~argj rjmfej kjesgsae fmoj{ {g{xamf{ "Kjlqmalf', {g ogaelf{ cjrmf{ of`f{ kje~jhf{ kjrxf{ xgaeae qef mfwjr hgcq{ge w {a axgae-hae ~jr eqmarj{f{ radgjea{ sgxkjlf{% A{xa xg~j ha ~jhf ~ar{g{xa bf{xfeqa{xrj{ hf{ kje hgsar{f{ sfrgfexa{% [je geeqmarfola{ lj{ xrfxfhj{ vqaha{krgoae lj{ hg{xgexj{ {g{xamf{, {gaehj mqw kjejkghj ~jr lf geclqaekgfvqa xqsj al hal Hr% Dqwjx "623>'% Fkje{a` al kqlxgsj ae leaf{, lf kjehqk-kge {jora flfmora{ w ha{krgog lj{ mxjhj{ ha ~jhf vqa kje{gharfofm{ fhakqfhj{% Lj{ ~rgekg~fla{ {g{xamf{ haexrj ha lf{ cjrmf{ of`f{ {jeal sf{j, lf sfrf w al ~qldfr w al kjrhe, kje {q{ hargsfhj{% Aexra lf{ cjr-mf{ flxf{ kfoa {aflfr kjmj kjehqkkge o{gkf al ~frrfl j ~rdjlf w sf-rgfexa{%

Kjmj {aflf Orfef{ "6748', a{xj{ {g{xamf{ ha ~jhf asjlqkgjefrje

~jkj bf{xf lf lladfhf ha lj{ frfhj{ fl sgahj kje al {gdlj RGR, lf rakje{xg-xqkge cgljrgkf, lf lqkbf kjexrf aecarmahfha{ w fkkghaexa{, al a{xfolakg-mgaexj ha lf sgf ae lf llfeqrf lj{ kfmogj{ ha sfrgahfha{, axk% Ae lf mf-wjr ~frxa ha lj{ kf{j{, fham{, al ha{aj ha joxaear mfwjra{ ~rjhqkkgj-ea{, kfmog lf cjrmf ha lf{ ~lfexf{, vqa kjmaepfrje f hg{~jear{a ~frfqef mfwjr makfegpfkge w ~frf ~rj~jrkgjefr m{ flxf{ kj{akbf{, f of{aha alasfr al xrjekj ha lf{ ka~f{ w ~jhfr m{ daearj{fmaexa% A{xj ej bfoaeacgkgfhj lf kflghfh hal crqxj% Lf f~frgkge ha lf{ mvqgef{ ha saehg-

mgf jolgdf f qef fhf~xfkge ha lf{ ka~f{, ej xfe afdarfhf kjmj f saka{{a bf ~lfexafhj% ^j{golamaexa, lj{ {qka{gsj{ mjhalj{ vqa sfwfe f~fra-kgaehj ~armgxgre lf cjrmfkge ha ka~f{ m{ ha fkqarhj kje al mjhaljxrfhgkgjefl%

Ae kqfexj fl mfrkj ha ~lfexfkge, ~jkj cg`fhj ae lj{ ~rgmarj{ ~f-{j{ ha lf sgxgkqlxqrf, Drakgf w _jmf lj jrdfegpfe w lf{ sgf{ xrfhgkgjefla{lladfe bf{xf lf{ 1>%>>> ka~f{ ~jr bakxraf "Kbfm~fdea', hg{~qa{xf{ aeleaf{ j ~lfexfhf{ ha cjrmf ha{jrhaefhf% Lf joxaekge ha sgej{ ha kflg-hfh agdf qe emarj gm~jrxfexa ha ka~f{ vqa rahq`a{a al sgdjr ha lf~lfexf ~frf flkfepfr qef mfhqrfkge kjrrakxf% Fl gdqfl vqa {qkaha kje lf~jhf, lf lladfhf ha lj{ frfhj{, m{ xfrha ha lf mjxjrgpfkge, lf rakje{xg-xqkge cgljrgkf kje lf ha{f~frgkge hal fkjhj, lf{ cjrmf{ m{ lfrdf{ waxaehghf{ ha lf{ ka~f{, lf eaka{ghfh ha hg{mgeqgr lj{ kj{xa{, axk%, hfelqdfr f hae{ghfha{ ha ~lfexfkge mqkbj m{ of`f{, ~f{fehj ae fldqef{pjef{ ae lf{ vqa arf bfogxqfl ha 8%>>> f 62%>>> ka~f{ ~jr bakxraf, f lfmgxfh j xarkarf ~frxa%


25/28

?1

Lf{ ~lfexfkgjea{ {a hg{~jeae ae leaf{, kje mfrkj{ kf{g {gam~rarakxfedqlfra{ "~% a`am~lj ?$1> 6$1> m{%'% A{xf xaehaekgf bf {ghj daea-rfl, sfrgfehj {ade pjef{, {g ogae lf o{vqahf fkxqfl ha lf kflghfh, lj{~rjolamf{ ha kqlxgsj vqa ~lfexafe lf{ ~lfexf{ aka{gsfmaexa sgdjrj{f{ wlf ~rhghf afdarfhf ha ka~f{, ~fraka jolgdfr f qe kgarxj radra{j f ~j{g-kgjea{ m{ xrfhgkgjefla{, kjm~fxgola{ kje lf makfegpfkge, eaka{frgf{~frf joxaear sgej{ ha kflghfh%

k' Xrfof`j hal {qalj w makfegpfkge

Kjmj lf saehgmgf w lf ~jhf, al lfojraj hal {qalj xqsj vqa acakxqfr-{a ~rjexj kje al cge ha asgxfr lf kjekqrraekgf ha jxrf{ ~lfexf{ kje lf sgh%[gam~ra cqa kje{gharfhj kjmj qef ~rkxgkf eaka{frgf w al oqae sgxgkqlxjrlf bf acakxqfhj kje fxaekge w f{ghqghfh% Xrfhgkgjeflmaexa al xrfof`j hal{qalj {a raflgp f orfpj, bf{xf lj{ hj{ lxgmj{ {gdlj{ ae vqa f~frakae lfxrfkkge fegmfl w lj{ mjxjra{ ae lf sgf% Al {qalj {a bf lforfhj kje mf-wjr j maejr ~rjcqehghfh w ha cjrmf hg{xgexf {ade klgmf{, ~jkf{ w xg-~j{ ha xarraej, ~arj {gam~ra kje lf cgeflghfh ha ha{xrqgr lf{ mflf{ bgar-of{, ~rjkqrfr f lf ~lfexf lf bqmahfh kjesaegaexa a geklq{j a~jear j~rjxadar f lf ka~f% Lj{ xrfkxjra{, vqa {a bfe axaehghj ae al sgahj f ma-hgfhj{ hal {gdlj RR, bfe cfkglgxfhj mqkbj lf{ lfojra{, gexae{gcgkehjlf{% Flmg{mj xgam~j, la{ bfe {adqghj qef {arga gm~ra{gjefexa ha mfvqgefrgf,ha{kjejkghf kje fexargjrghfh0 xjhj xg~j ha frfhj{ ha lf{ kflla{ w lf{ lea-f{ ha ka~f{, fojefhjrf{, mvqgef{ ha xrfxfmgaexj, ha{~gkfhjrf{, ~ra~f-rfhjrf{, ~lfexfhjrf{, rakjdahjrf{ ha lf sadaxfkge, {frmaexfhjrf{, axk%,bf{xf lladfr f lf{ saehgmgfhjrf{%

Fqevqa f saka{ {a bf hg{kqxghj al sarhfharj gexar{ hal lfojraj hal{qalj, ej a{ bf{xf lf {adqehf mgxfh hal {gdlj RR, kje lf f~frgkge ha lj{barogkghf{ ae lf sgf, kqfehj {a am~gapf sarhfharfmaexa f rahqkgrlj% Al

am~laj ha a{xj{ kjm~qa{xj{ vqmgkj{, vqa xgaea {q mgmj a~jeaexaae al llfmfhj ej kqlxgsj, cfkglgxf al kjexrjl ha lf{ mflf{ bgarof{, ~j{goglg-xfehj lf rahqkkge ha lf{ lfojra{% Ae mqkbf{ pjef{ sgxkjlf{ {a ~rfkxgkfal ej kqlxgsj, vqa cfkglgxfrf lf sqalxf ha lf sgf f pjef{ a{kfr~fhf{ hahgckgl lfojraj, ~arj {q fhj~kge ha~aeha ha cfkxjra{ klgmxgkj{, ej a{xogae sg{xj ~jr eqmarj{j{ sgxgkqlxjra{ w ~lfexaf fldqej{ ~rjolamf{ xkeg-kj{% Haoghj f allj ej {a bf daearflgpfhj, fl maej{ bf{xf al mjmaexj w allfojraj hal {qalj kjexgef {gaehj qef xkegkf f lf vqa al sgxgkqlxjr, fl

gdqfl vqa {q{ fexa~f{fhj{, {gdqa xaegaehj ae drfe a{xgmf%


26/28

?3

Jxrf{ xkegkf{ kjmj al aebarofhj j lf kjoarxqrf hal {qalj {je xfm-oge f~lgkfhf{ ae fldqef{ pjef{%

h' ^fxjljdf

Kje fexargjrghfh f lf lladfhf ha lf cgljarf w ham{ ~fr{gxj{ ha lf~jkf, xrfhj{ ha{ha Fmrgkf kje lf{ ~lfexf{ vqa lj{ a{xqhgj{j{ aqrj~a-j{ ha{afofe kjejkar, lf ~rjxakkge hal sgahj ra{qlxfof ralfxgsfmaexackgl "Orfef{, 6748'% Fldqej{ ~fr{gxj{ kjmj lf ~grfl j lf fexrfkej{g{, f{kjmj lf{ geklamaekgf{ hal mahgj fmogaexfl, kje{xgxqfe lf{ ~rgekg~fla{~rajkq~fkgjea{ hal sgxgkqlxjr% ârj lf{ gesf{gjea{ ha jghgj, cgljarf, mgl-hgq w olfki-rjx sfe f ~rjsjkfr qef {arga ha xrfof`j{ a gesa{xgdfkgjea{vqa aergvqakare ej {jlj lf sgxgkqlxqrf {gej vqa geclqgre hakg{gsfmaexaae xjhf lf ~fxjljdf sadaxfl% Lf ~fxjljdf sgxkjlf kjmj a{~akgflghfh jgeklq{j kgaekgf fdrkjlf, ~jeae f ~qexj lf j~arfkge hal geàrxj% Kjejkghfha{ha lf fexgdahfh ~arj ~jkj qxglgpfhf "fsfeka ha lf mfhqrfkge, kfm-ogj ha sfrgahfha{', kje{gdqa ljdrj{ gm~jrxfexa{ ae al kfm~j ha lf ma`j-rf daexgkf kjmj {je lj{ eqasj{ ~jrxfgeàrxj{ j lj{ borghj{ ~rjhqkxjra{hgrakxj{ w ha{kqora lf fkkge hal fpqcra w al kjora ~frf lqkbfr kjexrf lj{eqasj{ bjedj{% A{xfolaka ~jr ~rgmarf sap qef {arga ha mxjhj{ ha kjm-ofxa kjexrf a{xj{ aeamgdj{ w f ~frxgr ha aexjeka{ al sgxgkqlxjr xgaea vqa~arcakkgjefr {q{ kjejkgmgaexj{, ~qa{ al kqlxgsj ha lf sgh {a kjm~lgkf w a{eaka{frgj f~lgkfr eqasf{ xkegkf{ bf{xf aexjeka{ ha{kjejkghf{%

^jr jxrj lfhj, al mfwjr sgdjr ha lf{ sgf{ ~j{xcgljrgkf{ w lf{ {q~a-rgjra{ ~rjhqkkgjea{, gexae{gcgkfrje lf ~ra{aekgf ha ~fr{gxj{ ~jkj drfsa{bf{xf aexjeka{, kjmj bf {qkahghj kje lf ~jhrahqmora hal rfkgmj% Al am-~laj ha ~jrxfgeàrxj{ fdrfs fcakkgjea{ kjmj lf kljrj{g{ w hg{amge sgrj-{g{, f lf sap vqa al am~laj ha {qka{gsj{ ~rjhqkxj{ vqmgkj{ cfsjrakfelj{ fxfvqa{ ha jxrf{ ~lfdf{ w aecarmahfha{% Ae a{xj{ mjmaexj{ al sgxg-

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a' Fojefhj

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c' Sfrgj{

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Sfrgj{ xamf{ bfe a~argmaexfhj ae lj{ lxgmj{ fj{ qefasjlqkge asghaexa kjmj {je lf{ xkegkf{ ha rgadj, kje j {ge carxglgpfkge,lj{ sgsarj{ al kqlxgsj ge sgxrj, lf {alakkge kljefl w {fegxfrgf, lf gedaegarfdaexgkf, lf krafkge ha eqasf{ sfrgahfha{, axk% Lf sgxgkqlxqrf {a bf{jcg{xgkfhj oq{kfehj {jlqkgjea{ f lj{ ~rjolamf{ vqa f hgfrgj {a la~lfexafe ae qef ~rj~jrkge mqkbj mfwjr vqa ae jxrj{ xgam~j{% Lfkflghfh hal crqxj ej {fla oaeacgkgfhf ae a{xf {gxqfkge, {g ogae lf aejljdfhg{~jea ha xkegkf{ ha~qrfhf{ vqa kjrrgdae hacgkgaekgf{ ha lf saehgmgf%A{ eaka{frgj vqa lf sgxgkqlxqrf, vqa hgckglmaexa ~qaha {ar bjw frxa{fefl,f~rjsakbfehj lj{ mahgj{ w lf{ xkegkf{ ha vqa fkxqflmaexa hg{~jea, {afkje{kgaexa ha vqa bf ha jcrakar qef mfxargf ~rgmf kje kfrfkxar{xgkf{{qcgkgaexa{ ha kflghfh w cgeqrf% Bf ha rakjrhfr lf{ of{a{ cqehfmaexfla{vqa {grsgarje ha dqf f sgxgkqlxjra{ ha xjhj{ lj{ xgam~j{ vqa {q~garjekrafr a{~laehghj{ mjeqmaexj{ sgxgsgekjlf{ vqa bfe lladfhj bf{xf eqa{-

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0. viticultura - presentación

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