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6#/%+J%

• Agrowingpopulation(~1.3billion)• Tropicalclimateandrisingtemperatures(3120annualCDDs)

• Arisingaspirationalmiddleclass• Increasingbuilt-uparea(2-3xby2030over2015baseline)

• AlowRACpenetration(5-10%)• Nationalandglobalcommitments

India,intheEyeofthePerfect‘Cooling’Storm

Howdoweprovidethermalcomforttoall inanaffordableandsustainablemanner,andupholdbasicstandardsofhumanwell-being?

• MultiplestudiesunanimouslyprojectasignificantincreasetheRACstock

• Severeenvironmentalandsocietalimpacts:– Significantadditionalpowergenerationcapacity

– peakloadimpacts– enormouscarbonfootprint,bothdirectandindirect

PotentialImpact:KeepingOurBuildingsCool

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illion)

IESS2047

LBNL(2016)

CEEW(2015)

AEEE(2017):Efficientscenario

RecognisingtheUniquenessofIndia’sCoolingConundrumisFoundationaltoAEEE’sApproach

v CoolingisnotAir-Conditioning– ImportantinIndia• RACpenetration5-10%V/S100+%ACpenetrationindevelopedcountries• Prevalentalternativecoolingtechnologiessignificantlyhigherinvolume:significantlylowerkWh/unit;zero

refrigerantuse

v ThemajorityofACandrefrigerantvolumeisyettocome• Uniqueopportunitytoaddresstheveryrootoftheproblem,byminimizingthedemandforcooling

v Conversationsaroundcoolingneedtobeall-encompassingi.e.activespacecooling+alternativecoolingstrategies• Wewillnotgettoapoint– eveninthenext10-15years– whenmajoritycanaffordair-conditioning

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• Government’sfocustoestablishaccesstocoolingasanationalpriorityissynchronouswithAEEE’sdrivetoenablesustainableandaccessiblethermalcomfortforall

• Accesstodeepsubjectmatterexpertisethroughaffiliationswithknowledgepartnersandpeerorganisations

• Subject-matterexpertiseinspacecooling,&unprecedentedworkwithimportantramifications:– PsychrometricfieldtestsofRACstostudytheirenergyperformanceatdifferenttemperatureset-

points– First-of-its-kindcomprehensiveoverviewofnationwidecoolingdemandbysector– NationwidesurveytounderstandtheresidentialRACusagepatterns– CatalysingtheformationofSmartandSustainableSpaceCooling– CoalitiontoleadIndia’stransitiontoaresponsiblycooledbuiltenvironment

AEEEisUniquelySuitedtoLeadIndia’sTransitiontoaSustainablyCooledFuture

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• Premisedontheknowledgegapofpeople’sRACusepreferences,especiallysetpoints

• Short,anonymous,easytofillout,comprising13questions• Administeredonline,popularisedonsocialmedia• Physicallyadministeredwiththehelpofstudent-surveyorsinthe6cities,

particularlyfocussingonlowtomid-incomeclasses• 995responses• Responseshavebeencollectedfrom28states/UTs,covering100+towns

andcities – Delhi-NCR,Maharashtra,TamilNadu,TelanganaandRajasthantopthelist.

• Responsescoverhouseholdsizesrangingfrom1-10members,howeverabout70%ofthedatasetishomeswith2-5familymembers

MappingtheUseofRACsinIndianHomes:ANation-wideSurvey

4.;;7/8&%=+&N:+&#,&M!6:&7/&9/-7./&X#?+:(&!&W.%7#/YB7-+&F$*1+D&SG#/%-2T(&E.:7G&>7/-7/8:&

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• Climatetype:Warm-humid• 299responses• FanusewithRACON:59%

Yes,41%No• Annualhoursofuse:1421

MappingtheUseofRACsinIndianHomes:ANation-wideSurvey(contd.):PreliminaryAnalysis

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16℃17℃18℃19℃20℃21℃22℃23℃24℃25℃26℃27℃28℃29℃30℃

• AimstostudytheenergysavingsinRACsbytheadoptionofadaptivethermalcomfortstandardsinIndia.

• ExperimentsaremeticulouslydesignedtocapturediverseIndianclimatesbyemulatingtypicaloutdoorconditions

• PerformanceevaluationoftwoleadingIndianACbrandswithdifferentstarratingsandcoolingtechnologies– bycomparingthecoolingcapacityandEER

• Initialanalysisreveals:– Invertersystemsofferbetterperformanceover

regularsplitair-conditioners.– Increasingoutdoortemperatureshaveanegative

effectontheperformanceofthesystem.– Highersetpointsresultinhigherenergy

consumption– needsmoreinvestigation

PsychrometricFieldTestingofRACsinpartnershipwithCEPT

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*)+%:.0%')C68$%*)+%*$$6AC8'()$%B*$.+%()%.VC./8%5()$6<8*8'()$

BuildingSpaceCooling:PreliminaryResults

43%

57%

2017Annualenergyconsumption=134TWh

Non-refrigerantbasedcooling(fanandaircooler)

Refrigerantbasedcooling(RAC,chiller,packagedDX,VRV)

2017Scenario:Air-conditioninginBuildings

4%10%

17%

69%

4%9%

13%

74%

PackagedDX

VRV(MinitoLarge)

Chiller

RAC

Annualcarbonemission82milliontCO2e

Annualenergyconsumption77TWh

2027(BAU)Scenario:Air-conditioninginBuildings

3%

19%

17%61%

2%

16%

17%

65%

PackagedDX

VRV(MinitoLarge)Chiller

RAC

Annualcarbonemission160milliontCO2e

Annualenergyconsumption158TWh

2017and2027(BAU)Scenarios:RACPenetrationintheResidentialSector

2017RACstock 37millionunits Compiledfromsalesdata

RACstockdeployedinresidences

22millionunits @60%; sourcedfromLBNLandAEEE’sownestimates

# ofHouseholds 268million ExtrapolatedfromCensusdata

# ofRACsperhousehold 1.2 Prayas (2012)

RACspenetration 7%

2027(BAU)

RACstock 77millionunits Estimatedfromsalesprojections

RACstockdeployedinresidences

54millionunits @70%; basedonstakeholderinput

# ofHouseholds 296million ExtrapolatedfromCensusdata

# ofRACsperhousehold 1.2 Prayas (2012)

RACspenetration 15%

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RACAnalysis:KeyResults

2017 2027(BAU) 2027(Improved)

Installedcapacity(millionTR) 56 116 113

Annualenergyconsumption(TWh)

53 97 46

Indirectemissions (mtCO2e)

[shareoftotal]

43[71%]

79[77%]

38[73%]

Directemissions(mtCO2e)[shareoftotal]

18[29%]

24[23%]

14[27%]

Totalemissions(mtCO2e) 61 103 52

MobileAir-conditioning:PreliminaryResults– 10%energysavingispossibleundertheImprovedScenario

0 1 2 3 4 5

Total

PassengerHDV

PassengerLDV

AnnualEnergyConsumption(mtoe)

2017 2027(BAU) 2027(Improved)

MobileAir-conditioning:PreliminaryResults– 24%carbonsavingispossibleundertheImprovedScenario

0 5 10 15 20 25

Total

PassengerHDV

PassengerLDV

AnnualCarbonEmission(mtCO2e)

2017 2027(BAU) 2027(Improved)

ColdChain:PreliminaryResults- 22%energysavingispossibleundertheImprovedScenario

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Total

ColdStorages

Packhouse&RipeningChambers

ReeferVehicles

AnnualEnergyConsumption(mtoe)

2017 2027(BAU) 2027(Improved)

ColdChain:PreliminaryResults- 19%carbonsavingispossibleundertheImprovedScenario

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Total

ColdStorages

Packhouse&RipeningChambers

ReeferVehicles

AnnualCarbonEmission(mtCO2e)

2017 2027(BAU) 2027(Improved)

ImprovedScenario

ImprovedScenarioincorporates:

1. Technologyimprovements

2. Efficientbuildingstrategies

3. Marketinterventions4. Operations

interventions5. Behaviouralchanges6. Alternaterefrigerants7. Betterservicing

practices

RACv RatchetinguptheISEERofRACs:Equipmentefficiencywillhavethestrongest

impactintheImprovedScenario

v Envelopeimprovementsinupcomingbuildingsthatshouldreducetheneedforactivespacecooling:Whiletheenvisionedreductioninthetotalinstalledcapacityisnotlarge,themoresignificantreductionmanifestsintermsofreductioninrunhours(duetoincreaseduptakeofcodeandAdaptiveThermalComfort),whichcouldbebetween20%to30%perouranalysis

Chillerv BetterO&Mpracticeswithfocusontwoimportantaspects:HVACO&M

beingaspecialist’sjob,isbetterhandledbytrainedHVACengineersandtechniciansratherthangeneralists;utilizationofInternetofThings(IoT)indaytodayoperations

v BetteruptakeofECBC-2017:MorebuildingscrossingtheminimumECBCcomplianceandevenachievingECBCEEandSuperECBCrequirements

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