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ÚNýn�TÛ��;�TÖ^Ø_á_×~Ø[ßfú,ã�÷�Ý^Õ�ó

Signal strength and noise level

1 10 100 1 k 10 kfrequency (Hz)

10-24

10-23

10-22

10-21

10-20

10-19

10-18

10-17

10-16

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advanceddetector

noiselevel

prototypenoise

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40m

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broad-band shot noise

envelope (1 µm, 20 J)

SN 1987A (upper limit)10-2 Mo. c 2@ 60 kpcsupernova10-6 Mo. c 2@ 10 kpc

10-8 Mo. c 2@ 10 kpc10-2 Mo. c 2@ 10 Mpc

collapse to BHε = 10 -2

@ 10Mpc

ε = 10 -4@ 10Mpc

collapse to BHε = 10 -2

@ 4 Gpc

10 4Mo. BH

10 3Mo. BH

10 2Mo. BH

10Mo. BH

coalescing binaryNS @ 10 Mpc20Mo. BH @ 100 Mpc

NS @ 100 Mpc100Mo. BH @ 4 Gpc

NS @ 1 Gpc7Mo. BH @ 4 Gpc

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1 10 100 1 k 10 k

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seismicnoise

shot noiseBBenvelope

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-0.5pi

0.5pi

1.5pi

-1.5pi -0.5pi 0.5pi 1.5pi

tile pattern

phi2

phi1

Tile pattern and oblique line

offset (detuning) slope

frequencyresponse

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0.001

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rela

tive

pow

er

spatial wavelength / beam radius

Scattering: symmetric fluctuation

total loss2

4

6

8

n=10

Sum 2-10

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0.001

0.01

0.1

1

0.4 0.5 0.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

rela

tive

pow

er

spatial wavelength / beam radius

Scattering: anti-symmetric fluctuation

total loss1

3

5

7

n=9

Sum 1-9

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tuning (radian)

Mode cleaning effect (R1=0.9, R2=1–50ppm)

power gain inside the cavity

total loss (both sides)

typical suppression ~ π/F2√(2π/F)

max ~ 2F/π

min ~ π/2F

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â����Jã"�#êJçJà8çJàHél�játè Þµß�è¥êuëoê��9él�jÝGß�ß�àjá+èÏë��·ut

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

0.4 0.5 0.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

rela

tive

pow

er

spatial wavelength / beam radius

Suppressed scattering: symmetric fluctuation

without cavity

n=2

4

6

8

10

Sum 2-10

¹lt

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

0.4 0.5 0.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

rela

tive

pow

er

spatial wavelength / beam radius

Suppressed scattering: anti-symmetric fluctuation

without cavity

n=13

5

7

9

Sum 1-9

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Thermal lensing byinternal absorbtion

Thermal lensing byinternal absorption

Thermal lensing bysurface absorption

Signal Recycling/Extraction Mirror(mode cleaning effect ~ T/4 )

Deterioration ofvisibility due tothe mismatchingof two arms

Stability ofthe arm cavities

Stability of the PR cavity

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X � ¼ M ¢ ê1 ~ 2 Ó � À X[Y¼ M ¢ ë1 ~ 2 Ó � À :ew f � % ØkLY à ÇÝ � U È [ % ÇÝ # U È [ Ç U Å ¢ " Æ ¢ [ � §U*Ê°¨6¨\[

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