0 0 1 · 2016-06-03 · 0 0 7 kl/r5]b !m xft] k'l:tsf kl/ro != k[i7e"ld m n'dlgt...
TRANSCRIPT
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 1
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf2
2
k|sfzs M
k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfn
of] k|sfzg o"/f]k]nL ;+3sf] ;xof]udf k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . o;df k|sflzt ;fdu|Lx¿n] o"/f]k]nL ;+3sf] ljrf/nfO{ k|ltlalDjt ub}{g .
© k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfn, @)!^
cfO=P;=lj=PgM (&*–((#&–()^%–@–$
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 3
k|fSsyg
g]kfndf gu/kflnsfx¿ tyf uflj;x¿n] ;xeflutf d"ns of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;d'bfos} JolQmx¿nfO{
;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ljz]if ul/ l;dfGts[t ju{x¿nfO{ gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{dfdf
;xefuL u/fO{, pgLx¿sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu ;dxeflutfd"ns sfo{of]hgfsf] cjwf/0f
cfPsf] xf] . t/ l;dfGts[t ju{x¿df gu/kflnsfn] NofPsf] o:tf] Joj:yfsf] af/]df 1fg g} gx'g] / olb
eP klg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ Ifdtf gx'Fg] x'Fbf, o:tf] cj;/af6 nfe lng g;ls/x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;n],
l;dfGts[t ju{x¿nfO{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] p2]Zon] o; ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5.
k|flS6sn PSzgsf] Delivering Decentralisation: slum dwellers’ access to decision-
making for pro-poor infrastructure services kl/of]hgfn] e/tk'/ / a'6jn gu/kflnsf;+u ;xsfo{
u/L ;g\ @)!@ clk|n b]lv @)!^ dfr{ dlxgf ;Dd ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{dfnfO{ Jojxf/df Nofpg ljleGg
s[ofsnfk ;+rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] k|sfzg o;} kl/of]hgfsf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df tof/
kfl/Psf] xf] . o; k'l:tsfsf] cjwf/0ff tyf k|sfzg ;fdfu|L tof/ ug{ of]ubfg ug]{ kl/of]hgfsf
;fem]bf/ ;+:yf n'dlGt cfjf;sf] nflu ;xof]u ;d"xnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . To;} ul/ a"6jn tyf
e/tk"/ gu/kflnsf sfof{nox¿ k|lt klg cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5' . ;fy} o; k'l:tsfsf] cjwf/0ff
tyf k|sfzg ;fdu|L tof/ kfg'{ x'g] /fd 8+uf]n tyf u'h]Zj/L >]i7 k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ x'g] k|flS6sn
PSzgsf lzl/; l;+x, dgf]h s'df/ emf / k|Hjn >]i7 tyf n'dlGtsf dx]Gb| zfSo ;fy} dgf]h yfkf /
;Gtf]if kf08]nfO{ klg wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . To;} ul/ k'l:tsfsf]]] ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] k|sfz
v8\sf / ;Dkfbg tyf k|sfzgdf ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] k|flS6sn PSzgsf cr{gf u'?Ë / pk]Gb| >]i7nfO{
klg wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
o; k'l:tsfn] zx/L jftfj/0fdf /x]sf l;dfGts[t ju{x¿nfO{ gu/kflnsfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns
of]hgf th'{dfdf ;xeflu eO{ cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf] nflu cfk}m sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L k]z ug{ ;d'bfosf]
JolQmx¿nfO{ ;Ifd agfpg] 5 eGg] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5' .
wGojfb .
cRo't n'O{6]n
If]lqo lgb]{zs
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf4
4
ljifo
;"rL
kl/R5]b !M
kl/ro ^
k[i7e"ld ^
xft] k'l:tsfsf] p2]Zo ^
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ;xhLs/0f xft]k'l:tsf s;sf] nflu < &
xft] k'l:tsfsf] ;+/rgf &
xft] k'l:tsf k|of]u ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx¿ *
kl/R5]b @ M
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f (
k[i7e"ld (
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf p2]Zox? (
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf r/0fx? !)
klxnf] r/0f M of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu k"j{ tof/L !!
;d'bfosf cu'jf:t/Lo cled'vLs/0f !!
Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g !@
Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ cled'vLs/0f !#
;d'bfo:t/df cled'vLs/0f !#
:jo+;]jsx¿sf] 5gf}6 !$
:jo+;]jsx¿sf] tflnd !%
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] vfsf !%
ljifoj:t' M k[i7 ;+Vof
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 5
bf]>f] r/0f M cfjZos ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f !(
t]>f] r/0f M ;xeflutfd"ns ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f @$
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f k|lqmof @%
;/;kmfO{;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f @*
/f]huf/sf] nflu sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f #!
kfl/jfl/s ljsf; of]hgf #@
dlxnfx?;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f #%
lzIff;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf #^
/f]u;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f #*
rf}yf] r/0f M ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] Joj:yfkg $)
kl/R5]b #M
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lg $%
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] kl/ro $%
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf p2]Zox? $^
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf r/0fx? $^
klxnf] r/0f M sfo{of]hgf 5gf}6 r/0f $&
bf]>f] r/0f M ;fdu|L lgdf{0f r/0f $*
t]>f] r/0f M k|rf/ k|zf/ r/0f %)
rf}yf] r/0f M k|bz{g ug]{ lbgsf] nflu k"j{ tof/ r/0f %)
kfFrf} r/0f M cltyLx¿nfO{ cgf}krfl/s lgdGq0ff ug]{ r/0f %!
5}7f}+ r/0f M sfo{of]hgf k|bz{gsf] lbgdf ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? %!
;ftf}+ r/0f M k|bz{lgsf] ;ldIff %#
cf7f}+ r/0f M cfof]hgf k|:tfj k]z %#
gjf}+ r/0f M cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog r/0f %$
bzf}+ r/0f M cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg r/0f %$
ljifo
;"rL
ljifoj:t' M k[i7 ;+Vof
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf6
6
kl/R5]b $ M
;xeflutfd"ns uf|ld0f n]vfhf]vfsf cfwf/e"t s'/fx? %%
;fdflhs gS;f %^
;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0f %*
df};dL kfqf] %(
r'lxg] ufu|L ljZn]if0f ^!
k|jfx lrq ^@
a[If ljZn]if0f ^#
;+:yfut sfo{ lrq ^#
hf]8fut :tl/s/0f ^%
kl/R5]b % M
:yfgLo lgsfosf] of]hgf th'{df ;+u ;DalGwt cfwf/e"t s'/fx? ^&
gful/sx¿n] kfpg] clwsf/o'Qm ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx¿ ^*
gu/kflnsf of]hgf th'{dfsf r/0fx¿ &!
of]hgfsf] k|:tfj kmf/d eg]{ tl/sf &%
nlIft ;d"xx¿nfO{ pkof]uL sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿ *)
k'Flhut nufgLsf If]qut of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] ljj/0f *%
j8f gful/s d~r *&
gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| (!
ljifo
;"rL
ljifoj:t' M k[i7 ;+Vof
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 7
kl/R5]b !M
xft] k'l:tsf kl/ro
!= k[i7e"ld M
n'dlGt cfjf;sf] nflu ;xof]u ;d"xn] ljleGg bft[ ;+:yfx¿;+u ldn]/ ;+rfng ul//x]sf kl/of]hgfx¿
dWo] Delivering Decentralisation: slum dwellers’ access to decision-making for pro-poor infra-
structure services klg Ps xf] . k|flS6sn PSzg g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf /
a'6jn gu/kflnsf;+u ;xsfo{ u/L ;g\ @)!@ clk|n b]lv ;+rfng e}/x]sf] o; sfo{qmdnfO{ :yfgLo
:t/df ;'zf;g kl/of]hgf cyf{t\ ;'k gfdaf6 lrlgG5 .
ljz]if u/]/ zx/L u/Ljx¿sf] hLjg:t/ dfly p7fpg] p2]Zon] ;+rfng ePsf] o; sfo{qmdn] zx/L ul/j
;d'bfox¿af6 g} ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;Ifd agfpg'sf] ;fy} gu/kflnsfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns
of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;xeflu x'g ;xof]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . clxn] ;Dddf gu/kflnsf leq /x]sf
ljkGg ;d'bfox¿n] cfk\mgf] nflu cfk}m ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfO{ pQm of]hgf gu/kflnsf nufot
cGo ;DalGwt lgsfox¿df k]z u/L w]/} sfo{x¿ ;d]t ;DkGg u/L;s]sf 5g\ . ctM cGo ;d'bfox¿n]
klg o; sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg cfk}mn] ;s'g\ eGg] p2]Zon] of] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f xft]
k'l:tsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
@= xft] k'l:tsfsf] p2]Zo M
l;dfGts[t ju{x?nfO{ gu/kflnsfsf] ;dxeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfox?df cfgf]
;d'bfosf] nflu cfk}m sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L k]z ug{ ;d'bfos} JolQmx?nfO{ ;Ifd agfpg] o;sf] k|d'v
p2]Zo xf] . o; xft] k'l:tsfsf lglb{i6 p2]Zox? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
@=!= ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th"{[dfsf] cy{ / dxTjaf/] k|i6 kfg]{ .
@=@= :yfgLo lgsfox¿df ;xeflutfd"ns Plss[t of]hgf th'{dfsf] dxTj / k|lqmofsfaf/]df
hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf8
8
@=#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ k|of]u x'g] cf}hf/x¿sf] k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] .
@=$= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug'{ eGbf klxn] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x¿sfaf/]df kl/lrt u/fpg] .
@=%= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf qmddf ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x¿ ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] .
@=^= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x¿ ;kmntfk"j{s ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] .
@=&= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{g kl5 of]hgf sfof{Gjogsfnflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x¿ ug{ ;Sg]
agfpg] .
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf s;sf] nflu <
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf ;xeflutfd"ns Plss[t of]hgf th'{df ug{]
sfo{df k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg ;a}sf nflu pkof]uL xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] tof/ ul/Psf] ePtf klg
k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df lgDg JolQmx¿nfO{ a9L kmfObf x'g]5 eGg] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 .
!_ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx¿
@_ j8f gful/s d~rsf kbflwsf/Lx¿
#_ ;d'bfo:t/sf ;+:yf tyf ;d"xsf kbflwsf/Lx?
$_ :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd -LGCDP_sf ;fdflhs kl/rfnsx¿
%_ :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd -LGCDP_sf :yfgLo ;]jf k|bfossf ;+of]hsx¿
^_ ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;d'bfodf of]hgf agfpg ;xh ug]{ ;xhstf{x?
&_ ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 of]hgf agfpg] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lng rfxg] cGo JolQmx¿
$= ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsfsf] ;+/rgf
k|of]u stf{x¿nfO{ ;lhnf] xf];\ eGg] x]t'n] o; xft] k'l:tsfdf hDdf % kl/R5]bx¿ lbO{Psf 5g\ . tL
kl/R5]bx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
xft] k'l:tsfsf] ;+/rgf
kl/R5]b !=lgb]{lzsfsf] cfwf/e't s'/fx¿
kl/R5]b @=;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf r/0fx¿
kl/R5]b #=;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lg
kl/R5]b $=cfjZostf klxrfg /
k|fyldsLs/0fsf cf}hf/x¿
kl/R5]b %=gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf
cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 9
kl/R5]b != xft] k'l:tsfsf] cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿o; kl/R5]bdf xft] k'l:tsfsf] p2]Zo, ;+/rgf, nlIft JolQmn] k|of]u ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? / k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf /flvPsf 5g\ .
kl/R5]b @= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf r/0fx¿o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b # df ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf r/0fx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . o; kl/R5]bdf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] z'? b]lv cGt;Dd s'g sfo{ s'g r/0fdf ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf lj:t[t Pj+ r/0fa4?kdf /flvPsf]5 .
kl/R5] #M ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgo; xft] k'l:tsfsf] t]>f] r/0fdf ;fd'bfls sfo{of]hgf k|bz{g s], lsg / s;/L ug]{ eGg] s'/f /flvPsf] 5 . ljz]if u/L o; kl/R5]bdf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] k"j{ tof/L b]lv k|bz{lg / k|bz{g kl5 ug'{ kg{]sfo{x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ .
kl/R5]b $= cfjZostf klxrfg / k|fyldsLs/0fsf cf}hf/x¿ o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]bdf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{qmddf k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ ljleGg cf}hf/x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L cfjZostf klxrfg, k|fyldsLs/0f / ljZn]if0f ug]{ cf}hf/x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ .
kl/R5]b %= gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b % df gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof;+u ;DalGwt s'/fx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . h; cGtu{t of]hgf th'{dfsf r/0fx¿, cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj kmf/d eg]{ tl/sf, >f]t;fwgsf] Joj:yf, ljifout If]qx¿ nufot cGo cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ .
%= xft] k'l:tsf k|of]u ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx¿
%=!= xft] k'l:tsfsf] cWoog o; xft] k'l:tsfnfO{ ;d'bfodf k|of]u ug'{ eGbf klxn] k':tssf] cflb b]lv cGt;Dd cWoog ug'{ kb{5 .
%=@= ljlwx¿sf] k"j{ cEof;o; ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ ;xeflutfd"ns u|fdL0f n]vfhf]vfsf ljlwx¿ kl/R5]b $ df /flvPsf 5g\ . tL ljlwx¿ k|of]u ug'{ eGbf klxn] k"j{ cEof; ug'{ kb{5 .
%=#= ;xlhs/0f ug]{ tl/sfdf k"j{ cEof;;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg]qmddf ;xeflutfd'ns tl/sfaf6 5nkmn u/L slDtdf * j6f ljifout If]qx¿;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ ;+sng ug'{sf] ;fy} ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿ agfpg ;xhLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . To;}n] o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b @ df ljifout If]qx?sf] ;xhLs/0f ug]{ tl/sfx¿ lbOPsf 5g\ . ;d'bfodf sfo{of]hgf agfpg hfg' eGbf klxn]] o;sf] k"j{ cWoog / cEof; ug'{ kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf10
10
kl/R5]b @
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
!= k[i7e"ld
;fd'bflos sfo{ofo]hgf eGgfn] cfk\mgf] ;d'bfosf] ljsf; cfk}m ug{ ;d'bfos} kxndf s], slt, lsg,
sxfF / slxn]sf nflu ls6fg u/L lglZrt ;+/rgfut 9fFrfdf tof/ ul/Psf] sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f eGg]
a'lemG5 . ;d'bfosf] cfk\mg} >f]t tyf afXo >f]t;fwgsf] pkof]u u/]/ ;dli6ut ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s
ljsf;sf] nflu nIo tyf p2]Zo lgdf{0f u/L lglZrt cjlw leq ;f] xfl;n ug{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df
ah]6 / lhDd]jf/L ;lxt pNn]v u/L ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/G5 .
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf p2]Zox?
cfk\mgf] ;d'bfosf] ljsf; cfk}m u/f}+ eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; geP;Dd ;d'bfosf] ljsf; ;Dej 5}g .
afx\o JolQmx¿sf] kxndf s]xL ljsf; ePsf] h:tf] b]lvPtf klg Tof] lbuf] / lg/Gt/?kdf rNg ufx|f]
x'G5 . To;}n] of] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]sf] g} cfk\mgf] ;d'bfosf] ljsf;
cfk}m u/f} eGg] ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; ug'{ xf] . o;sf] cnfjf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf ljlzi6
p2]Zox? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 11
!= ;d'bfosf] jf:tljs ;d:of, rfxgf / cfjZostfx?sf] klxrfg cfk}m ug]{ ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; ug]{
@= :yfgLo >f]t;fwgsf] klxrfg / plrt k|of]u ug{ ;xof]u ug]{
#= of]hgfa4 tl/sfaf6 :yfgLo lgsfo tyf ;+3;+:yfx?sf] >f]tdf ;d'bfosf] kx'+r a9fpg]
$= ;d'bfosf] jf:tljs ;d:of tyf cfjZostfsf cfwf/df of]hgf tof/ ug]{
%= ;d'bfosf] ljsf;df afXo rfxgf / k|efjnfO{ sd ug]{
^= cfk\mgf] nflu cfk}m of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;d'bfo cfk}m ;Ifd 5g\ eGg] s'/f afXo ;+3;+:yf tyf
lgsfox?nfO{ dx;'; u/fpg]
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf r/0fx?
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg rf/ r/0fdf ljefhg ul/Psf 5g\ . tL
r/0fx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
klxnf] r/0f of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu k"j{ tof/L
bf]>f] r/0f ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f
t]>f] r/0f ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf lgdf{0f
rf}yf] r/0f sfo{of]hgfx?sf] Joj:yfkg
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf12
12
klxnf] r/0f M
of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu k"j{ tof/L;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] klxnf] r/0fdf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpbf ug'{ kg]{ k"j{ tof/LnfO{
/flvPsf] 5 . o; r/0fdf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;d'bfodf uO{ sfd ug'{ eGbf klxn] ug'{ kg]{
sfdx?nfO{ /flvPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg ug'{kg]{ k"j{ tof/L lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
!= ;d'bfosf cu'jfx?sf] cled'vLs/0f
@= Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g
#= Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ cled'vLs/0f
$= ;d'bfo :t/df cled'vLs/0f
%= :jo+;]jsx¿sf] 5gf}6
^= :jo+;]jsx¿sf] tflnd ;+rfng
&= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] vfsf
!= ;d'bfosf cu'jf:t/Lo cled'vLs/0f
of] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f s] lsg / s;/L ug]{ eGg];DaGwL hfgsf/L ;a eGbf klxn] ;d'bfosf
cu'jfx¿nfO{ x'g' kb{5 . o;sf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfosf k|ltlglw jf of] sfo{ ug{ k|fljlws?kdf
;xof]u ug]{ ;+:yfn] sfo{qmdsf af/]df cled'vLs/0f ug''{ kb{5 . b'O b]lv tLg 306f;Dd ;+rfng x'g]
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 13
o; cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g rfxg] Ps eGbf a9L ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ;xeflu
u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
@= Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ;d'bfos} cu'jfO{df ug]{ sfo{ xf] . o;df afXo ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] sfd
eg]sf] ;d'bfosf ;DalGwt JolQmx¿nfO{ ;f] sfo{ ug{ k|fljlws ;xof]u dfq ug]{ xf] . To;}n] of] ;fd'bflos
sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf] cu'jfO{ :yfgLo ;d"x of ;+:yfaf6 g} ug'{ kb{5 . of] ;fd'bflos sfo{
of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt?kdf ;+rfng ug{ ;DalGwt ;d'bfos} 6f]n, ljsf; ;+:yf
jf j8f gful/s d+r jf ;d'bfodf klxn] b]lv sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf] ;d"x rog ug'{ kb{5 . gu/kflnsf
sf] xsdf, 6f]n ljsf; ePsf ;d'bfox¿df 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfnfO{ g} klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg' kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] ;'? b]lv ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lg / To; kl5 klg w]/} sfd ug'{ kg{]
x'G5 . To;}n] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfnfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfaf6 ;+rfng ug{ ;DalGwt ;+:yf jf ;d"xsf]
lg0f{o cg';f/ & hgfsf] Pp6f ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kb{5 . o; ;ldltdf
Ps hgf cWoIf, Pshgf ;lrj, Ps hgf sf]iffWoIo / $ hgf ;b:o /xg] u/L Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g
ug'{ kb{5 . ;ldltdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt ;+:yf jf ;d"x eGbf aflx/sf al9df # hgf;Dd
Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf /fVg ;lsG5 . t/ cWoIfsf] kbdf ;DalGwt ;d"x jf ;+:yfs} k|ltlgwL x'g' kb{5 .
!=!= ;d'bfosf
cu'jf:t/Lo cled'vLs/0f
sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf]
dxTjaf/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lg
k|lqmofaf/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
!=@= cu'jf:t/Lo
cled'vLs/0fsf
ljifox?
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f s] lsg / s;/L ug]{ .
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hs /
;d'bfosf] e"ldsf
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g
k|lqmof
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf14
14
#= Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ cled'vLs/0f
;d'bfodf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ ug'{ eGbf klxn] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿
-cWoIf, sf]iffWoIf / ;lrjx¿ clgjfo{_ sf nflu ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lg;DaGwL #÷$
306f;Ddsf] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ kb{5 . of] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L x¿nfO{ Ps} 7fp+df /fv]/ ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf
lgdf{0f ug{ ;Ifd JolQm tof/ ug'{ o;sf] k|d'v nIo xf] .
#=!= Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf nflu cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdsf p2]Zox¿
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf] dxTjsf]af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg]
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lg k|lqmofsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg]
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u ug]{ lgsfon] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x¿
/ ;d'bfosf] tk{maf6 Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x¿sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg]
$= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgflgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf nflu cfjZos >f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Ifd
agfpg]
%= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf nflu sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{
#=@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf nflu ul/g] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmddf 5nkmn ul/g] ljifox¿
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f s], lsg / s;/L ug]{
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{qmdnfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u ug]{ ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] sfd
st{Jo
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd st{Jo
$= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf nflu sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
$= ;d'bfo:t/df cled'vLs/0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] sfdsf] yfnlg ug'{ eGbf klxn] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] cu'jfO{ ug]{
;d"x of ;+:yfsf] cfof]hgfdf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf;DaGwL Ps lbg] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{
kb{5 . o;df afXo ;+:yfsf] k|fljlws tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ;xof]udf cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd
;+rfng ug'{ kb{5 . ljz]if u/L ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f b]lv ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lg;DaGwL
sfdx¿ s] lsg / s;/L ug]{ eGg]af/] hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ kb{5 . b'O{—
tLg 306f;Dd ;+rfng x'g] o; ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd s], lsg / s;/L ug]{
eGg];DaGwL lj:t[t hfgsf/L tn lbOPsf] 5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 15
$=!= cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx¿
;d'bfosf] k|ToIo ;xeflutfdf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ xf] . To;}n] of] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu sfd z'? ug'{{ eGbf klxn] o; sfo{qmdsf] af/]df ;d'bfodf cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . o; cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmddf k|To]s 3/af6 Ps Ps hgf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf eof] eg] clt /fd|f] x'G5 . To:t} o; ;d'bfodf lqmoflzn ;d"x, Sna tyf ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ / ;d'bfosf cGo uGodfGo JolQmx¿nfO{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg' kb{5 . of] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd v'Nnf 7fpF jf xndf ul/g] ePsf]n] cfjZostf cg';f/ a9L eGbf a9L hg;xeflutfdf ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
$=@= cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdsf p2]Zox¿
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] dxTj k|i6 ug'{ .
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf] p2]Zo k|i6 ug'{ .
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fdf ;d'bfosf] / ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf k|i6 kfg'{ .
$=#= cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmddf 5nkmn ul/g] ljifox¿
!= ;+:yfsf] kl/ro
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf] cf}lrTo
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf] p2]Zo
$= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] kl/ro
%= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf nflu ;d'bfo / ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf
^= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|bz{lgsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g
%= :jo+;]jsx¿sf] 5gf}6
%=!= :jo+;]jsx¿sf] 5gf}6
of] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ;d'bfos} JolQmx¿n] ug]{ xf] . To;}n] of] sfd ug{ ;d'bfos} # b]lv % hgf;Ddsf] :jo+;]jsx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;d'bfonfO{ clu|d ;"rgf lbO{ kf/bzL{ tl/sfn] dlxnf / k'?if ldnfP/ :jo+;]jsx¿sf] rog ug'{ kg{]x'G5 .
%=@= :jo+;]jsx¿sf] of]Uotf
!= slDtdf P;=Pn=;L kf; ePsf]
@= ;fdflhs sfddf ?lr ePsf]
#= slDtdf @! jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf]
$= slDtdf !) lbg ;Dd lbgsf] b'O{ b]lv tLg 306f;Dd ;do lbg ;Sg]
%= of]hgf th'{df, ;xhLs/0f / g]t[Tjz}nLdf cg'ej ePsf]
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf16
16
%=#= :jo+;]jsx¿sf] sfd st{Jo
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f;DaGwL ljleGg tflnd uf]li7df efu lng]
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfaf/] ;d'bfodf k|rf/ k|zf/ ug]{
#= cfjZos ;"rgfx¿ ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{
$= ljleGg cf}hf/x¿ k|of]u u/L ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;d'bfosf cfjZostf tyf rfxgfx¿ ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{
%= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{gsf] nflu cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{
^= :yfgLo:t/df >f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfngsf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u ;dGjo ug]{
^= :jo+;]jsx¿sf] tflnd ;+rfng;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf s] lsg / s;/L lgdf{0f ug]{ eGg] af/]df ;DalGwt ;d'bfosf :jo\d ;]jsx¿nfO{ tLg lbg] tflnd ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu ;Ifd ;xhstf{ tof/ ug]{ nIo /fvL ;+rfng ul/g] o; tflndsf cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
^=!= tflndsf p2]Zox¿
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf;DaGwL wf/0ffut s'/fx¿df k|i6 kfg]{ .
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] nflu cfjZos ;"rgfx¿ ;+sng ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] .
#= ljleGg ;xeflutfd"ns cf}hf/x¿ k|of]u u/L ;d'bfosf cfjZostf klxrfg / ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ .
$= ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f vfsf cg';f/ of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] .
%= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmof ;lxt b:tfj]h tof/ kfg{ ;Ifd agfpg] .
^=@= tflnddf 5nkmn ul/g] ljifox¿
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] cy{ / dxTj
@= ljsf;sf] lsl;d / ljsf; ug]{ tl/sf
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos ;"rgfx¿
$= ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{ tl/sf
%= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos cf}hf/x?sf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf
^= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] tl/sf
&= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] vfsf
5gf}6 ePsf sfo{x?sf] sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf ;a} sfo{of]hgfx?df Ps?ktf Nofpgsf nflu s'g}
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 17
lglZrt vfsf leq a;]/ sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] o; xft] k'l:tsfdf sfo{of]hgf agfpg
b'O{ lsl;dsf vfsfx? lbPsf] 5 . h;df Pp6f vfsf :yfgLo lgsfodf al:t:t/af6 cfof]hgf k]z
ug]{ kmf/d cg';f/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] cGo ;+3;+:yf tyf ljifout sfof{nox?df k]z ug{sf] nflu
cfjZos s'/fx? /fvL csf]{ vfsf tof/ ul/Psf]5 . :yfgLo lgsfodf cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj k]z ug{]
vfsfdf eGbf afXo ;+3;+:yf tyf ljifout sfof{nox?nfO{ k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf k|:tfjgdf a9L ljifo /
If]q /flvPsf] 5 .
bf]>f] cfof]hgf k|:tfj vfsf cg';f/ sfo{of]hgf tof/ ePsf] 5 eg] :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ul/g]
cfof]hgf k|:tfj ;lhn} eg{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx? agfp+bf ;se/ bf]>f] vfsf
k|of]u ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . t/ cfof]hgf k|:tfj n]vgsf] nflu kof{Kt ;do gePsf] v08df :yfgLo
lgsfodf k]z ul/g] cfof]hgf k|:tfj vfsf cg';f/ eP klg cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ u/}s} x'g' kb{5 .
oL b'a} lsl;dsf cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/dsf] gd"gf tn lbO{Psf] 5 . o;sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f o; xft]
k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b tLgsf] sf] bkmf $ df /flvPsf] 5 .
&=!= :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ul/g] cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/dsf] gd"gf
uflj;÷gkf M j8f g+M 6f]n jf ;d'bfosf] gfdM
ljifout If]q M
qm=;
+
k|:tflj
t o
f]hgf
sf] gf
d
cfo
f]hgf
sf] l:ylt
-go
fF, q
mdfu
t j
f dd{t ;
Def/_
cfo
f]hgf
sf] cg'd
flgt c
jlw
dfu
ul/Ps
f] hDd
f /s
d
-sG6
Lh]G;
L ;lxt_
nfeflGjt 3/w'/L n}lu+s nfeflGjt
s}lkmo
t
z'?
ldlt
;Dk
Gg ldlt
pke
f]Qmfs
f] of
]ubfg
uflj
;÷gk
f
cGo
hDd
f
blnt
cflb
jf;L
hgh
ftL
dw]z
L
d'l:nd
lk58f ju
{
cGo
hDd
f
Dlxn
f
k'?if
hDd
f
d k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d k'
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf18
18
&=@= cGo ;+3;+:yf tyf ljifout sfof{nox?df k]z ul/g] cfof]hgf k|:tfjsf] gd"gf
!= cfof]hgfsf] kl/roj8f g 6f]n jf ;d'bfosf]
gfd
cfof]hgfsf] gfd cfof]hgf ;+rfngx'g]
:yfg
cfof]hgf cjlw s}lkmot
z'? ;DkGg
@= ;DalGwt ljifodf xfnsf] cj:yf M
#= cfof]hgfsf p2]Zox¿M
$= nfeflGjt nlIft ;d'bfosf] ljj/0f
nfeflGjt
3/w'/L
;+Vof
nfeflGjt hg;+Vof s}lkmot
blnt cflbjf;L hghftL dw]zL d'l:nd lk58f
ju{
cGo hDdf
d k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d k'
%= cfof]hgf ;+rfng sfo{ljlw M
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 19
^= cfof]hgfsf] vr{ ljj/0f
qm=;+ ljj/0f kl/df0f k|lt Pssf] b/ hDdf s}lkmot
hDdf
&= nfut Joxf]l/g] >f]t -x¿_ s}lkmot
cfjZos >f]t;fwg pknAw u/fpg] JolQm jf lgsfo jf ;+3;+:yfx¿ hDdf
nfut6f]n jf
;d'bfosf]
lglh ;+:yf
jf JolQm
ljifout
;/sf/L
sfof{nox¿
u}=;=; :yfgLo lgsfo
gf]6M dfly pNn]lvt kmf/ddf h'g >f]taf6 hlt /sdsf] ck]Iff u/]sf] xf] ;f] /sd g} /fVg' kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf20
20
!=!= ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f
!=@= 3/w'/L ;lxt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
!=#= pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ hg;+Vof ljj/0f
!=$= lzIffsf] cj:yf
!=%= ;DkGgtfsf cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f!=^= vfg]kfgL;DaGwL ;+VofTds cj:yf
!=&= rkL{sf] cj:yf
!=*= 3/sf] agfj6sf] cj:yf
!=(= hUufsf] ljj/0f
bf]>f] r/0f
cfjZos ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] cf}lrTo k|i6\ofpgsf nflu 3/w'/L cg';f/sf s]xL cfwf/e"t ;"rgfx¿ klg cfjZos kb{5 . oL cfwf/e"t ;"rgfx¿sf af/]df ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf ;d'bfo;+u
klg 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] ;d'bfosf] ;d:of jf cfjZostf klxrfg ug'{ eGbf klxn] g} of] ;"rgf ;+sng, k|zf]wg / ljZn]if0f ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . To:t} ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf d]nfdf /flvg]
of]hgfx¿sf] k'i6\of+Osf nflu klg ;DalGwt ;d'bfosf dxTjk"0f{ tyf cfwf/e"t ;"rgfx¿ /fVg'
kb{5 . ;fd'bflos cfwf/e"t ;"rgfx¿n] ;d'bfonfO{ lrgfpg ;lhnf] x'g'sf] ;fy} ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] cf}lrTo k|i6of+pg d2t ldN5 . To;}n] oxfF ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{qmddf cfjZos kg]{ d'Vo
d'Vo ;"rgfx¿ / ;"rgf ljZn]if0f vfsf lbO{Psf] 5 .
!= ;+sng ug'{kg]{ cfwf/e"t ;"rgfx?
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 21
!=!= ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f
;fdflhs >f]t gS;f ;d'bfosf] ;d:of tyf cfjZostf klxrfg ug]{ qmddf klg k|of]u x'G5 . To:t}
;d'bfosf cGo ;"rgfx¿ ;+sng ug{ o; ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ePsf]n] z'?df
g} ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f agfpg' kb{5 . o; ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fdf ;d'bfo;+u ;DalGwt slDtdf
lgDgfg';f/sf ;"rgfx¿ k|i6 b]lvPsf] x'g] kb{5 .
!= ;d'bfosf] rf/ lsNnf
@= af6f]
#= ;fa{hlgs :yn
$= k|fs[lts tyf wfld{s ;Dkbf
%= 3/ gDa/ ;lxtsf] 3/
^= 3/ gDa/ cg';f/ 3/d'nLx¿sf] gfdfjnL
!=@= 3/w'/L ;lxt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
;d'bfosf cGo cj:yfsfaf/]df yfxf kfpg 3/w'/L / hg;+Vofsf af/]df hfGg'' clt cfjZos
x'G5 . hg;+Vof;DaGwL hfgsf/L lnbf slDtdf To; ;d'bfosf] 3/w'/L ;+Vof, dlxnf k'?if v'Ng] u/L
hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f / pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/sf] hg;Vof ljj/0f /fVg' pQd x'G5 . t/ pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/
hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f /fVg g;s] klg 3/w'/L / hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f eg] clgjfo{ /fVg} kb{5 . h;sf]
nflu lgDgfg';f/sf] vfsf lbPsf] 5 .
;d'bfosf]
gfd
hDdf
3/w'/L
3/w'/L cg';f/ hflto ljj/0f hDdf hg
;+Vof
Dlxnf k'?if
a|fDx0f If]qL hghftL blnt cGo
!=# pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ hg;+Vof ljj/0f
qm=;
+
;d'bfos
f] gfd
hDd
f 3/
w'/L
pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ hg;+Vof ljj/0f
hDd
f
)–!
jif{
@–%
jif{
^–!%
jif{
!^–@
$ j
if{
@%–$
( ji
f{
%)–%
( ji
f{
%( j
if{ eGb
f dfly
d k' d k' d k' D k' d k' d k' d k' d k'
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf22
22
!=$= lzIffsf] cj:yf
qm=;+!%
jif{ e
Gbf df
ly-
sf hDd
f hg;
+Vof
cf}ift ;
fIf/tf k
|ltzt
dlxn
f ;f
If/t
f k|ltz
t
k'?if ;
fIf/tf k
|ltzt
^ b]lv !
%
jif{;
Ddsf] hDd
f
hg;
+Vof
:s"n h
fgaf6
al~r
t -k
|ltztd
f_
s}lkmot
dlxn
f
k'?if
Affns
aflnsf
Affns
aflnsf
!=%= ;DkGgtfsf cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] k|bz{lgdf /fVg' kg]{ ;"rgfx¿ dWo] ;d'bfosf] ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0f klg Ps
xf] . o;df ljz]if u/L ;d'bfosf JolQmx?nfO{ ljleGg ;"rssf cfwf/df tLg b]lv rf/ tx ;Dddf
;DkGgtfsf cfwf/df alu{s/0f ul/Psf] x'G5 . o;af6 ljz]if u/L ;d'bfosf] cfly{s cj:yf cg';f/ s]
slt 3/ w'/L s'g au{df kb{5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpgsf nflu ;xof]u ldNb5 . ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0fsf]
;"rgf ;+sng ug{ / ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgdf /fVgsf nflu tn lbPsf] vfsfnfO{ k|of]u ug{
;lsG5 .
qmd= ;+Vof au{ ;fdflhs gS;f
cg';f/ 3/ gDa/
;"rs s}lkmot
!= pRr ju{
@ dWod ju{
#== lgDg ju{
$= clt lgDg ju{
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 23
!=^= vfg]kfgL ;DalGw ;+VofTds cj:yf
;d'bfodf xfnsf] vfg]kfgLsf] cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 eGg] af/] klg ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgdf
/fVg' kb{5 . o;af6 vfg]kfgL;DaGwL cfjZostfsf] k'i6\ofO{ ug{ ;xof]u ldNb5 . of] vfg]kfgL;DaGwL
;"rgfnfO{ klg lgDgfg';f/sf] vfsfdf /fVg ;s]df x]g{ / a'e\mg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
;d'bfosf] gfd hDdf 3/w'/L gLhL wf/f jf xft] wf/f
gePsf] 3/w'/L
kfgL ;'l4s/0f u/]/ lkpg]
3/w'/L ;+Vof
s}lkmot
!=&= rkL{sf] cj:yf
;d'bfosf cfjZostfx¿ k'i6\of+Osf nflu ;d'bfodf xfnsf] rkL{sf] cj:yfsf af/]df klg hfgsf/L lng
;s], ;d'bfodf rkL{ sfo{qmd cfjZos 5 jf 5}g eGg]af/] hfgsf/L lng ;lhnf] x'G5 . of] rkL{;DaGwL
;"rgfnfO{ lgDgfg';f/sf] vfsfdf /fVbf x]g{ / a'e\mg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
;d'bfosf]
gfd
hDdf
3/w'/L
rkL{ gePsf]
3/
rkL{ ePsf] 3/w'/L ;+Vof s}lkmot
;]km\6L6\of+ls ;lxt
rkL{ ePsf] 3/
cGo cz'/lIft
6\of+ls ePsf] 3/
vfN8] rkL{ ePsf]
3/
!=*= 3/sf] agfj6sf] cj:yf
;d'bfosf] cfly{s cj:yfsf ;"rsx¿ dWo] 3/sf] cj:yf klg Ps xf] . ljz]if u/L o;df 3/
sf] kvf{n / 5fgfsf] lsl;d b]vfpg] ul/G5 . h;sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/sf] vfsfdf 3/sf] cj:yf
b]vfpg ;lsG5 .
;d'bfos
f] gf
d
hDd
f 3/w
'/L
3/sf] husf] cj:yf 3/sf] kvf{nsf] cj:yf 5fgfsf] lsl;d
df6f],O
+6f÷9'+u
f
l;d]G6
, O+6
f÷9'+u
f
l;d]G6
lkn
/
sf7
jf
af+;sf]
vDa
f
df6f],O
+6f÷9'+u
f
l;d]G6
, O+6
f÷9'+u
f
l;d]G6
lkn
/
af+; j
f cGo
l;d]G6
9nfg
l6g
jf h
:tf
v/
jf k
/fn
6fon
jf 9'+u
f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf24
24
!=(= hUufsf] ljj/0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfdf b]vfPsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ yk k'i6\of+Osf nflu ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿sf] s] slt hUuf hldg 5 eGg] s'/f klg hfgsf/L u/fpg kfP /fd|f] x'G5 . ljz]if u/L hUufsf] ljj/0f v'nfpg] ;DaGwdf 38]/L s] slt 5g\, v]t / kfvf] afln k|lt kl/jf/ sltsf] b/n] 5g\ eGg] s'/f b]vfpg' kb{5 . hUufsf] ljj/0f b]vfpg Pp6f vfsf tn lbOPsf] 5 .
qm=;
+
;d'bfo
hDd
f 3/w
'/L
slDtdf @)) ju{ lkm6 38]/L eP gePsfx¿sf] ljj/0f
38]/L afx]s cGo hUuf hldg eP gePsf] ljj/0f
-kxf8df eP /f]klgdf / t/fO{df eP s7\7fdf b]vfpg]_
38]/L g
ePs
fx¿sf] ;+Vo
f
38]/L e
Psfx¿sf] ;+Vo
f
hUu
f ge
Psfx¿
Ps /
f]klg;Dd
hUu
f ePs
-fx¿
@ b]lv #
/f]klg ;
Dd h
Uuf
ePs
fx¿
$ /
$ /
f]klg e
Gbf a9
L ePs
fx¿
@= ;"rgf k|zf]wg / ljZn]if0f
3/w'/L cg';f/sf ;"rgfx¿ ;+sng u/L;s]kl5 ;"rgfx¿nfO{ k|zf]wg / ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;"rgfx¿
k|zf]wg / ljZn]if0fsfnflu dfly lbOPsf vfsf cg';f/ g} tof/ u/L ;"rgf ;+sngaf6 kfPsf s'/fx¿sf]
Pp6f k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ k5{ . h'g ;"rgfx¿ ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf ;d'bfodf g} k|:t't
u/L 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 eg] csf]{ ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgdf klg Jojl:yt agfO{ /fVg' kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 25
t]>f] r/0f
;xeflutfd"ns ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ tof/L u/L;s]kl5 ;fd'bflos ;xhstf{n] ;d'bfonfO{
e]nf u/fO{ ljifout If]q cg';f/sf ;d:ofx¿ ;+sng, ljZn]if0f / k|fyldsLs/0f u/L ;fd'bflos
of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . If]qut ;d:of jf cfjZostf klxrfg ug]{ qmddf ljleGg ;xeflutfd"ns
cf}hf/x¿sf] k|of]u u/L ;d:ofx¿ ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug{' kb{5 . ljifout If]q cg';f/ ;xefuLx¿ klg
km/s x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] Pp6} e]nfaf6 ;a} ;d:of ;+sng ug'{ x'b}g . To;}n] ljifout ;d:of cg';f/
sf ;xefuLx¿ e]nf u/L ;d:of ;+sng / ljZn]if0f 5'§f 5'§} ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L 5nkmn ubf{ dlxnf,
k''?if / afnaflnsfx¿sf] cnu cnu e]nf u/L 5nkmn ubf{ nlIft ;d"xsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ of]hgf
lgsfNg cem ;xh x'G5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfdf ;d]6\g' kg]{ ljifout If]qx?
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf th'{df eg]sf] ;d'bfosf] Plss[t of]hgf th'{df g} xf] . o;df ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf
cg';f/ ;a} If]q / ljifox? ;d]6\g' kb{5 . To;}n] oxfF ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfdf ;d]6\g' kg]{ d''Vo d'Vo
ljifout If]qx?sfaf/]df pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ .
!= ef}lts ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf
@= :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf
#= /f]huf/L;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf
$= klf/jfl/s ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf
%= dlxnfx¿;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf
^= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf
&= /f]u;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf
*= cGo ljifout sfo{of]hgf
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf26
26
ef}lts k"jf{wf/;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmof
!=!= ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f k|of]u
!=%= d'Vo ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
!=$= d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx?sf]] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
!=#= k"jf{wf/;DaGwL ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
!=@= ef}lts k"jf{Wff/;DaGwL ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg
!= ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f k|lqmofef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f;DaGwL cfjZostf klxrfg, ljZn]if0f, k|fyldsLs/0f / of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ .
!=!= ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f k|of]u
ef]lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f;DaGwL cfjZostf klxrfg ug]{ b]lv sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f;Dd ug{sf] nflu ;aeGbf
klxn] ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f tof/ ug'{ kb{5 .;fdflhs >f]t gS;f k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf o; xft] k'l:tsfsf]
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 27
kl/R5]b $ sf] ! df lbP cg';f/ tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . klxn] g} ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f agfO{Psf] 5 eg]
k'gM ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f agfO{/fVg' kb}{g . klxn] ag]s} ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f k|of]u u/L 5nkmnnfO{
cufl8 a9fpg ;lsG5 .
!=@= ef}lts k"jf{wf/;DaGwL ;d:of klxrfg
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f;DaGwL of]hgf agfpgsf nflu ;a} eGbf klxn] cfjZostfx? klxrfg ug'{
kb{5 . ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 cfjZostf klxrfg ug{ lgDgfg';f/sf] sfo{x? ug'{ kb{5 .
!= ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] a:g ;xof]u ug]{ .
@= 5nkmnsf] cf}lrTo tyf p2]Zo k|i6 kfg]{ .
#= ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fp+df /fVg] .
$= ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f b]vfpFb} To;sf] cfwf/df Ps–Ps j6f ljifodf 5nkmn ub}{ tn
pNn]lvt tflnsf eg{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
ef}lts lgdf{0f;DaGwL ljifox¿ If]qut xfnsf] /fd|f] kIf xfn b]vf k/]sf ;d:ofx?
!= af6f]sf] cj:yf
@= vfg]kfgLsf] cj:yf
#= 9n lgsf;sf] cj:yf
$= ;fj{hlgs ejgsf cj:yf
%= cGo ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] cj:yf
%= o;/L If]qut?kdf cfPsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ k'gM Ps k6s dfly b]lv tn;Dd k9]/ ;'gfpg]]
!=#= k"jf{wf/;DaGwL cfjZostfx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
ljifout If]q cg';f/ cfPsf cfjZostfx?nfO{ ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 .
;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f cf}hf/nfO{ k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 . hf]8fut
:t/Ls/0f cf}hf/ k|of]u u/L k|yldsLs/0f ug]{ tl/sfsf] af/]df lj:t[t ljj/0f xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b
$ sf] * df lbOPsf] 5 .
hf]8fut :t/Ls/0faf6 k|fyldsLs/0f u/L;s]kl5 ;d:ofx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df qmdzM n]v]/ ;a}
nfO{ ;'gfpg' kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf28
28
!=$= d"Vo d"Vo ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
ljifout If]q cg';f/ k|fyldstfdf k/]sf # b]lv % j6f;Ddsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ sf/0f / c;/sf] cfwf/df
ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug{sf] nflu a[If
ljZn]if0f cf}hf/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . of] a[If ljZn]if0f cf}hf/af6 ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug]{
tl/sf o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] ^ df lbOPsf] 5 . a[If ljZn]if0faf6 cfPsf ;d:ofsf] sf/0f
/ c;/x?nfO{ 5'§} k]k/df n]vL k'gM ;a}nfO{ ;'gfpg' kb{5 .
!=%= d'Vo ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
s= d'Vo ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{sf] 5gf}6
;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f u/L;s]kl5 sf/0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;f] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf]
nflu ug'{ kg]{ d'Vo sfo{ -cfof]hgf_ sf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 . hltj6f ;d:ofx?sf]sf/0f c;/ ljZn]if0f
u/]sf] xf], slDtdf Tolt j6f g} sfo{ -cfof]hgf_ sf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 . cfjZostf x]/L s'g} Pp6f ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{sf nflu Ps eGbf a9L sfo{x? ug'{ kg]{{ x'g;S5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 29
v= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
5gf}6 ePsf sfo{ jf cfof]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . oxf+ sfo{of]hgf eGgfn] cfk\mgf]
;d'bfosf] ljsf; cfk}m ug{ ;d'bfos} JolQmx?sf] ;xeflutfdf s], slt, lsg, sxfF / slxn]sf nflu ug]{ xf]
;f]sf] ls6fg u/L lglZlrt ;+/rgfut 9fFrfdf tof/ ul/Psf] sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f eGg] a'lemG5 . ;d'bfosf] cfk\mg}
>f]t tyf afXo >f]t;fwgsf] pkof]u u/]/ ;dli6ut ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf] nflu nIo tyf
p2]Zo lgdf{0f u/L lglZrt cjlw leq ;f] xfl;n ug{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ah]6 / lhDd]jf/L ;lxt
pNn]v u/L ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/G5 .
5gf}6 ePsf sfo{x?sf] sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf ;a} sfo{of]hgfx?df Ps?ktf Nofpgsf nflu s'g}
lglZrt vfsf leq a;]/ sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] & df
sfo{of]hgf agfpg b'O{ lsl;dsf vfsfx? lbOPsf 5g\ . h;df Pp6f vfsf :yfgLo lgsfodf al:t:t/
af6 cfof]hgf k]z ug]{ kmf/d cg';f/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] cGo ;+3;+:yf tyf ljifout sfof{nox?df
k]z ug{sf] nflu cfjZos s'/fx? /fvL vfsf tof/ ul/Psf]5 . :yfgLo lgsfodf cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj
k]z ug]{ vfsfdf eGbf afXo ;+3;+:yf tyf ljifout sfof{nox?nfO{ k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf k|:tfjgdf a9L
ljifo / If]q /flvPsf] 5 . bf]>f] cfof]hgf k|:tfj vfsf cg';f/ sfo{of]hgf tof/ ePsf] 5 eg] :yfgLo
lgsfodf k]z ul/g] cfof]hgf k|:tfj ;lhn} eg{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx? agfp+bf
;se/ bf]>f] vfsf k|of]u ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . t/ cfof]hgf k|:tfj n]vgsf] nflu kof{Kt ;do gePsf]
v08df :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ul/g] cfof]hgf k|:tfj cg';f/ eP klg cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ u/}s} x'g'
kb{5 . oL b'a} lsl;dsf cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] & df lbO{Psf] 5 .
ef}lts lgdf{0f;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj vfsfcg';f/ tof/ u/L;s]kl5
ljifout If]qcg';f/ 5'§f 5'§} kmfOln+u u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
@= :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{
;/;kmfO{;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
;/;kmfO{;DaGwL ;d:ofx? ;+sgn ug'{sf] ;fy} To;sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f u/L sfo{of]hgf
agfpgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?
@=!= ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fsf] k|of]u
:jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{;DaGwL cfjZostf klxrfg ug{sf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] cf}hf/x? dWo] ;fdflhs
>f]t gS;f klg Ps xf] . :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{;DaGwL ;d:of kQf nufpgsf nflu ;fdflhs >f]t
gS;f s;/L agfpg] eGg];DaGwL o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] ! df lbO{Psf] 5 . ;fdflhs >f]t
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf30
30
gS;f klxn] g} agfOPsf] 5 eg] k'gM ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f agfpg' kb}{g .
@=@= :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;DalGw ;d:of klxrfg
:jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL of]hgf agfpgsf nflu ;aeGbf klxn] ;d:of jf cfjZostf klxrfg
ug'{ kb{5 . ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f k|of]u u/L ;d:of jf cfjZostfx?sf]
klxrfg lgDgfg';f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
!= ;d'bfosf JolQmx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] a:g ;xof]u ug]{ .
@= 5nkmnsf] nflu cfjZos jftf/0f tof/ ug]{
#= :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;DalGw 5nkmnsf] cf}lrTo tyf p2]Zo k|i6 kfg]{ .
#= ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fp+df /fVg] .
%= ;/;kmfO{sf cfwf/df ;kmf 7fpFx? sxfF sxfF 5g\ egL ;f]Wg]
^= ;kmf 7fpFx? lrgfpg ;kmfsf] ;+s]t /fVg]
&= To:t} ;d'bfodf kmf]x/ 7fpFx? sxfF sxfF 5g\ egL ;f]Wg]
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 31
*= ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fdf g} kmf]x/ 7fpFx?df kmf]x/ hgfpg] ;+s]t /fVg]
(= k|To]s kmf]x/ 7fpFx? b]vfp+b} tL 7fpFx?df s], lsg / s;/L kmf]x/ eof] egL 5nkmn ug]{
!)= 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf /fVg] / o;}sf] cfwf/df ;d'bfodf
;/;kmfO{ ;DalGw d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx? s] s] xf] egL k'gM 5nkmn ug]{
!!= ;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf ;/;kmfO{ ;DalGw d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx?nfO{ csf]{ 7"nf] sfuhdf n]Vg]
@=#= ;/;kmfO{;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
;/;kmfO{;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] nflu
hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f cf}hf/nfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f cf}hf/ k|of]u u/L k|fyldsLs/0f
ug]{ tl/sfsf] af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] bkmf * df lbO{Psf] 5 .
hf]8fut :t/Ls/0faf6 k|fyldsLs/0f u/L;s]kl5 ;d:ofx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df csf]{ ;"rL tof/
u/L ;a}nfO{ ;'gfpg' kb{5 .
@=$= d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
k|fyldstfdf k/]sf # b]lv % j6f ;Dd :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?nfO{ sf/0f /
c;/sf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
ug{sf] nflu a[If ljZn]if0f cf}hf/ k|of]u ug{' kb{5 . of] a[If ljZn]if0f k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf xft] k'l:tsfsf]
kl/R5]b $ sf] ^ df lbOPsf] 5 . a[If ljZn]if0faf6 cfPsf ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f / c;/x?nfO{ 5'§}
k]k/df n]vL k'gM ;a}nfO{ ;'gfpg' kb{5 .
@=%= ;/;kmfO{ ;DalGw ug'{ kg]{ sfo{sf] 5gf}6
;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f u/L;s]kl5 sf/0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;f] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf]
nflu ug'{ kg]{ d'Vo sfo{ -cfof]hgf_ sf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 . hltj6f ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f / c;/
ljZn]if0f u/]sf] xf], slDtdf Tolt j6f g} sfo{ -cfof]hgf_ sf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 . cfjZostf x]/L s'g}
Pp6f ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu Ps eGbf a9L sfo{x? ug'{ kg]{ x'g;Sb5 .
@=^= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
5gf}6 ePsf sfo{nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . sfo{of]hgf tof ubf{ ;+3;+:yf tyf
cGo ljifout sfof{nox?df k]z ug]{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj cg';f/ ug'{ kb{5 . olb ;f] kmf/fd cg';f/
sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;dosf] cefj ePdf :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf kmf/d cg';f/ eP klg
sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . oL b'a} lsl;dsf cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj kmf/d o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b
@ sf] & df lbOPsf] 5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj kmf/fd cg';f/ tof/ u/L;s]kl5 ljifout If]q cg';f/
5'§f 5'§} kmfOln+u u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf32
32
#= /f]huf/sf] nflu sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf p2]Zox? dWo] ;d'bfodf /x]sf !^ jif{ eGbf dfly %( jif{ eGbf
d'gLsf a]/fhuf/ dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbnfpg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ klg Ps xf] .
o;sf] nflu ;a eGbf klxn] a]/f]huf/x?sf] klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 . ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f k|of]u u/L
/f]huf/Lsf nflu sfo{ of]hgf lgDgfg';f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
#=!= a]/f]huf/x?sf] ;+Vof ;+sng
#=@= a]/f]huf/L ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
#=#= a]/f]huf/L x6fpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6
#=$= ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
#=%= sfo{of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f
#=!= a]/f]huf/Lx?sf] ;+Vof ;+sng
;a eGbf klxn] 5nkmnsf] nflu cfjZos jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ . To; kl5 ;fdflhs gS;fnfO{ ;a}n]
b]Vg] 7fp+df /fVg] . ;d'bfodf !( jif{ b]lv %( jif{;Ddsf] hg;+Vofsf] tYof+s lgsfNg] . tL dWo] s'g
s'g 3/af6 slt slt hgf sfdsf nflu ljb]z uPsf 5g\ / clxn] 3/d} ePsfx?sf] ;+Vof lgsfNg] .
3/df ePsfx? dWo] lgoldt sfd ePsf / lgoldt sfd gePsfx?sf] ;+Vof lgsfNg] . lgoldt sfd
gePsfx¿nfO{ a]/fhuf/sf] ?kdf kl/eflift ug]{
#=@= a]/f]huf/L ;d:ofsf] sf/0f c;/ ljZn]if0f
a]/f]huf/L ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug{sf nflu lgoldt sfd gePsfx?sf] ;+VofnfO{ ;a}n]
b]Vg] 7fp+df /fVg] . w]/} hgfn] lgoldt sfd gkfpgfsf] sf/0f / To;af6 >[lht c;/sf]af/]df 5nkmn
ug]{ . of] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0fsf] nflu a[If ljZn]if0f cf}hf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . sf/0f / c;/
ljZn]if0faf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ k'gM csf]{ 7"Nff] sfuhdf n]vL k|:t't ug'{ kb{5 .
#=#= a]/f]huf/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6
sf/0f / c;/nfO{ k'gM Ps k6s k9]/ ;'gfpg] . lgoldt sfd gkfPsfx?nfO{ lgoldt sfd
lbnfpgsf nflu ug{ ;Sg] sfo{x?sfaf/]df 5nkmn ug]{ . 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ 7"nf] k]k/df n]v]/
;a}n] b]Vg] 7fp+df /fVg] .
#=$= a]/f]huf/L ;d:of x6fpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
lgoldt sfd gkfPsfx?nfO{ lgoldt sfd lbnfpgsf nflu ug{ ;Sg] sfo{x?nfO{ k'gM Ps k6s k9]/
;'gfpg] . oL ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? dWo] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df of]hgf agfP/ sfd ug{sf nflu k|fyldsLs/0f
ug'{ kb{5 . hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . o; kl5 of]hgf agfP/
ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df n]v]/ /fVg' kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 33
#=%= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
a]/f]huf/L ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? dWo] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df # b]lv % j6f;Ddsf]
sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 . sfo{of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ;+3;+:yf tyf cGo ljifout sfof{nox?df k]z ug{]
cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d cg';f/ ug'{ kb{5 . olb ;f] kmf/fd cg';f/ sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;dosf] cefj
ePdf :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf kmf/d cg';f/ eP klg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . oL b'a}
lsl;dsf cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b b'O sf] & df lbO{Psf] 5 .
/fhuf/L;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj km/fd cg';f/ tof/ u/L;s]kl5 ljifout
If]q cg';f/ 5'§f 5'§} kmfOln+u u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
$= kfl/jfl/s ljsf; of]hgf
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf kfl/jfl/s ljsf; of]hgf klg agfpg' kb{5 . kfl/jfl/s ljsf;
of]hgf eGgfn] ;du|df kl/jf/sf] cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu agfpg] of]hgf xf] . kl/jf/sf] cj:yf ;'wf/
ug{ ug'{ kg{]sfo{x? dWo] cfly{s cj:yf ;'wf/ klg Ps xf] . To;}n] oxf+ kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf ;'wf/
ug{sf nflu kfl/jfl/s ljsf; of]hgf agfpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sfaf/]df pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ .
$=!= cfDbflg / vr{sf] ljj/0f lgsfNg]
;d'bfosf JolQmx?sf] cfDbflg / vr{ b]vfpgsf nflu ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 r'lxg] ufu|L agfpg
;lsG5 . of] r'lxg] ufu|L ;d'bfo:t/df / JolQmut 3/sf] nflu 5'§f 5'§} agfpg' kb{5 . r'lxg] ufu|L
ljZn]if0f ug]{ tl/sf xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] $ df lbOPsf] 5 . ;d'bfo:t/df r'lxg] ufu|L
lgDgfg';f/ agfpg ;lsG5 .
– pko'Qm 7fpFdf ;d'bfonfO{ e]nf ug]{
– kl/ro ug]{
– cf}lrTo / p2]Zosf] af/]df k|i6 kfg]{
– k|s[of / ck]lIft ;xeflutfsf] af/]df eGg]
– r'lxg] ufu|L agfpgsf nflu 7"nf] sfuh jf cfjZos 7fpFsf] Joa:yf ug]{
– 7"nf] sfuhdf ufu|L agfpg]
– lrqdf b]vfP h:t} ufu|Lsf] dflyaf6 cfDbflgsf] lzif{sx? /fVg]
– To:t} ufu|Lsf] tNnf] efudf vr{sf lzif{ssf] ;+Vof cg';f/ ufu|Ldf Kjfn k/]sf] b]vfpg] / k|To]s
Kjfndf vr{sf lzif{sx? n]Vg]
kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu b'O{ lsl;dsf sfdx? ug{ ;lsG5 . tL klxnf]df
cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fP/ / bf]>f]df vr{sf] Joj:yfkg u/]/ . cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fpg / vr{sf] Joj:yfkg
ug{sf nflu 5'§f 5'§} g} sfd ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] oxf+ sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?
klg 5'§f 5'§} lbOPsf 5g\ . tL x'g\ M
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf34
34
$=@= cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fpgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?
$=#= 3/sf] vr{ Joj:yfkgsf nflu sfo{of]hgf agfpbf ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?
$=@=!= 3/sf] cfDbflgsf] >f]t ;+sgn
$=@=@= cfDbflgsf] >f]t sdL x'gfsf] sf/0f c;/
ljZn]if0f ug]{
$=@=#= cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf]
5gf}6
$=@=$= ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
$=@=%= ug]{ sfo{x?sf] sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
$=#=!= 3/df x'g] vr{sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{
$=#=@= vr{sf] Joj:yfkg x'g g;Sg]sf] sf/0f / c;/
ljZn]if0f
$=#=#= vr{ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf]
5gf}6
$=#=$= ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
$=#=%= ug]{ sfo{x?sf] sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?
$=@=!= 3/sf] cfDbflgsf] >f]t ;+sgn
cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{ ;a eGbf klxn] 3/sf] cfo >f]t s] s]
5g\ eGg] s'/fdf klxn] 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] nflu klxn] ag]sf] r'lxg] ufu|LnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fp+df
/fVg' kb{5 . To;df cfDbflgsf >f]tx? s] s] 5g\ tL ;a}nfO{ k'gM Ps k6s k9]/ ;'gfpg] . of]
cfDbflgsf >f]tx? kl/jf/ cg';f/ km/s x'G5 .
$=@=@= cfDbflgsf] >f]t sdL x'gfsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug]{
cfDbflgsf] >f]tdf 5nkmn eP kl5 kof{Kt dfqfdf cfDbflgsf] >f]t gx'g'sf] sf/0f / To;af6 >[lht
c;/sfaf/]df 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] nflu a[If ljZn]if0f k|of]u ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . of] a[If ljZn]0faf6
sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug]{ tl/sf oxL xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] ^ df lbOPsf]5 .
$=@=#= cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6
kl/jf/df cfDbflgsf] >f]t sdL x'gfsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f kl5 cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fpg ug'{ kg{]
sfo{x?sf]af/]df 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ 7"nf] sfuhdf n]v]/ /fVg'
kb{5 .
$=@=$= cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
cfDbflgsf >f]t a9fpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?nfO{ Ps} k6s of]hgf agfP/ sfd ug{ ;ls+b}g . To;}n]
cfDbflgsf] >f]t a9fpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f
cf}hf/nfO{ k|of]u u/L ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
kl5 k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df tL sfo{x?nfO{ k'gM n]v]/ k|:t't ug'{ kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 35
$=@=%= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
3/sf] cfo >f]t a9fpg ug'{ kg{]sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f u/] sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 . To;sf]
nflu k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df # b]lv % j6f sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L 5gf}6 ePsf
sfo{x?nfO sfof{Gjog ug{ sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 . sfo{of]hgf agfp+bf ;+3;+:yf tyf cGo
ljifout sfof{nox?df k]z ug{]cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d cg';f/ tof/ kfg'{ kb{5 . olb ;f]
kmf/fd cg';f/ sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;dosf] cefj ePdf :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf kmf/d cg';f/
eP klg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . oL b'a} lsl;dsf cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj kmf/d o; xft] k'l:tsfsf]
kl/R5]b @ sf] & df lbO{Psf] 5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ cfof]hgf k|:tfj km/fd cg';f/ tof/ u/L;s]kl5 ljifout If]q cg';f/
5'§f 5'§} kmfOln+u u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
$=#= 3/sf] vr{ Joj:yfkgsf nflu sfo{of]hgf agfpbf ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?
$=#=!= 3/df x'g] vr{sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{
3/df x'g] vr{sf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;a eGbf klxn] 3/df x'g] vr{sf] ljj/0f lgsfNg' kb{5 . s'g s'g
lzif{sdf s] slt vr{ x'G5 eGg] s'/f lgsfnL;s]kl5 dfq Joj:yfkg s;/L ug]{ eGg] s'/f cfp+5 .
To;}n] ;a eGbf klxn] vr{sf] ljj/0f lgsfNg' kb{5 .
vr{sf] ljj/0f lgsfNgsf nflu r'lxg] ufu|L ljZn]if0f ljlwnfO{ k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 . h'g klxn] g}
agL;s]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] vr{ ljj/0f lgsfNgsf nflu ;a eGbf klxn] r'lxg] ufu|LnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg]
7fp+df /fVg] . ;f] ufu|L cg';f/ s] df slt vr{ x'+bf] /x]5 egL 5nkmn ug]{ . kmh'n vr{ klg slt
x'G5 egL yfxf kfpgsf nflu s'g} Ps ljifodf ;d'bfosf ;a} 3/df u/L vr{ slt x'G5 egL lx;fj
lgsfNg] . To:t} cGo kmh'n vr{nfO{ klg ;f]xL cg';f/ lgsfNg] . o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf kmh'n vr{
/ cGo vr{sf lzif{sx? tof/ ePsf] x'g' kb{5 .
$=#=@= vr{sf] Joj:yfkg x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
vr{sf] lzif{sx? tof/ eP kl5 vr{sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ g;Sgfsf sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 .
o;sf] nflu a[If ljZn]if0f k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 . sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f kl5 vr{ Joj:yfkg x'g g;Sgfsf
sf/0fx? / c;/nfO{ 5'§f 5'§} sfudhdf n]v]/ ;a}nfO{ ;'gfpg' kb{5 .
$=#=#= vr{ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6
vr{sf] sf/0f c;/ ljZn]if0f kl5 vr{ Joj:yfkgsf nfluug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? lgsfNg' kb{5 . o;sf nflu
klg ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 5nkmn u/L vr{sf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] ;"rL g} tof/
ug'{ kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf36
36
$=#=$= ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
3/df x'g] vr{x?nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] ;"rL tof/ eP kl5 To;sf] Joj:yfkgsf
nflu ;a} eGbf klxn] s] ug]{ eGg];DaGwL yfxf kfpg ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{
kb{5 . vr{ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f k|of]u ug'{
kb{5 . h'g ljlwsf] af/]df o;} xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] * df lbO{Psf] 5 . vr{ Joj:yfkgsf nflu
ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f kl5 tL sfo{x?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df csf]{ sfuhdf n]Vg' kb{5 .
$=#=%= ug]{ sfo{x?sf] sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
3/df x'g] vr{sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f u/] kl5 sfo{of]hgf agfpg'
kb{5 . To;sf] nflu k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df # b]lv % j6f sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6 ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . o;/L
5gf}6 ePsf sfo{x?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 . sfo{of]hgf agfp+bf ;+3;+:yf
tyf cGo ljifout sfof{nox?df k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d cg';f/ tof/ kfg'{ kb{5 . olb ;f]
kmf/fd cg';f/ sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;dosf] cefj ePdf :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf kmf/d cg';f/
eP klg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . oL b'a} lsl;dsf cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d o; xft] k'l:tsfsf]
kl/R5]b @ sf] & df lbO{Psf] 5 . vr{ Joj:yfkg;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj
km/fd cg';f/ tof/ u/L;s]kl5 ljifout If]q cg';f/ 5'§f 5'§} kmfOln+u u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
%= dlxnfx?;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;zQm agfpg] vfnsf sfo{of]hgfx? klg agfpg'
kb{5 . dlxnfx?nfO{ ;zQm agfpg] vfnsf sfo{of]hgf agfpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
%=!= n}+lus sfo{af]em ljZn]if0f
%=@= dlxnfx?sf] sfo{ af]emsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
%=#= dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6
%=$= ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
%=%= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
%=!= n}+lus sfo{af]emsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{
dlxnf ;zlQms/0f;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf agfpgsf nflu ;a} eGbf klxn] n}+lus sfo{af]em ljZn]if0f ug'{
kb{5 . n}+lus sfo{af]em ljZn]if0f eGgfn] 3/ Jojxf/ rnfp dlxnfn] s] s:tf sfdx? ub{5g\ /
k'?ifx?n] s] s:tf sfdx? ub{5g\ eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg' kQf nufpg' xf] . o;sf] nflu ljxfg p7]
b]lv /ftL;Dd dlxnfn] s]s:tf sfdx? u5{g\ / k'?ifx?n] s] s:tf sfdx? u5{g\ eGg] s'/f 5nkmn
u/L lgsfNg' kb{5 . o;sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/sf] tflnsf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 37
dlxnf / k'?ifn] ug]{ sfo{x?M
;do dlxnfn] ug]{ sfo{ k'?ifn] ug]{ sfo{
%=@= dlxnfx?sf] sfo{ af]emsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
n}+lus sfo{ af]em ljZn]if0f kl5 To;sf] sf/0f c;/ ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . dlxnfx?sf] sfo{ af]emsf] sf/0f c;/ ljZn]if0fsf] nflu a[If ljZn]if0f cf}hf/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . of] a[If ljZn]if0f s;/L ug]{ eGg];DaGwL o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] ^ df lbOPsf] 5 .
%=#= dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6
dlxnfx?sf] sfo{ af]emsf]] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f u/L;s]kl5 sf/0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf]] 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L dlxnfx?sf] ;zlQms/0fsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6 gLltut / Jojxfl/s b'a} cfjZostfx?nfO{ k"/f ug]{ vfnsf sfo{x?s] 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 .
%=$= ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? 5gf}6 u/L;s]kl5 tL sfo{x?nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f cf}hf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . h'g cf}hf/sf]]af/]df o;} xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] * df lbOPsf] 5 . k|fyldsLs/0f kl5 tL sfo{x?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df csf]{ sfuhdf n]Vg' kb{5 .
%=%= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f u/L;s]kl5 k|d'v sfdx?sf] sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 . k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df hltj6f sfd ug]{ xf], Tolt j6f g} sfo{ of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 . sfo{of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ;+3;+:yf tyf cGo ljifout sfof{nox?df k]z ug]{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj kmf/d cg';f/ ug'{ kb{5 . olb ;f] kmf/fd cg';f/ sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;dosf] cefj ePdf :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf kmf/d cg';f/ eP klg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . oL b'a} lsl;dsf cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/dx? o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] & df lbO{Psf] 5 .
o;/L ag]sf sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ cfof]hgfsf]k|:tfj km/fd cg';f/ tof/ u/L;s]kl5 ljifout If]q cg';f/ 5'§f 5'§} kmfOln+u u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
^= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf
lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:of ;+sng b]lv sfo{of]hgf agfpg];Dd ug'{kg]{ sfo{x¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf38
38
^=!= lzIffsf] xfnsf] cj:yf af/]df hfgsf/L
^=@= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx? ;+sng
^=#= ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
^=$= sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
^=%= ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6
^=^= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
^=!= lzIffsf] xfnsf] cj:yf af/]df 5nkmn
lzIff;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf agfpg, ;a} eGbf klxn] lzIffsf] xfnsf] cj:yfaf/]df 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] nflu lzIff;+u ;DalGwt lgDg tYof+sx? ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 .
s_ ;d'bfo leq ePsf ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof
v_ !% jif{ eGbf dflysf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;fIf/tf b/
u_ P;Pn;L / ;f] eGbf dflynf] tx;Dd k9]sf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;+Vof
3_ % b]lv !% jif{ ;Ddsf afnaflnsfx?df :s'n uPsf / guPsfx?sf] ;+Vof
8=_ lzIff;+u ;DalGwt cGo ;"rgfx?
dfly pNn]lvt ;"rgfx? klxn] g} ;+sng e};s]sf] 5 eg] klxn] g} n]v]/ k|:t' ug{ ;lsG5 . 5nkmn ug'{ eGbf klxn] lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;"rgfx? ;+sng ePsf] 5}g eg] ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fnfO{ k|of]u u/L dfly pNn]lvt ;"rgfx? ;+sng ug'{ kb{5 .
^=@= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx? ;+sng
dfly pNn]lvt lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;"rgfx? /fvL;s]kl5 lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx? ;+sng ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] nflu lzIff;+u ;DalGwt tYof+sx?nfO{ k9]/ ;'gfpg] . To; kl5 lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d'bfosf /fd|f kIf / ;d:ofx?sf]af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ . ;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf lzIff;DaGwL /fd|f] kIf / ;d:ofx?nfO{ 5'§f 5'§} sfuhdf n]Vg] .
^=#= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
5nkmnaf6 cfPsf lzIff;DaGwL ;a} ;d:ofx?nfO{ Ps} k6s ;dfwfg ug{ ;ls+b}gg\ . To;}n] k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ;dfwfg ub}{ hfgsf nflu ;d:ofx?nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f cf}hf/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . of] hf]8fut :t/Ls/0faf6 k|fyldsLs/0f s], lsg / s;/L ug]{ eGg]af/]df xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $sf] * df lbO{Psf] 5 .
^=$= sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f kl5 d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0 / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0fsf nflu a[If ljZn]if0f cf}hf/nfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . of] a[If ljZnif0f cf}hf/sf]af/]df xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] bfkfm ^ df lbOPsf] 5 .
^= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 39
^=!= lzIffsf] xfnsf] cj:yf af/]df hfgsf/L
^=@= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx? ;+sng
^=#= ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
^=$= sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
^=%= ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6
^=^= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
^=!= lzIffsf] xfnsf] cj:yf af/]df 5nkmn
lzIff;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf agfpg, ;a} eGbf klxn] lzIffsf] xfnsf] cj:yfaf/]df 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] nflu lzIff;+u ;DalGwt lgDg tYof+sx? ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 .
s_ ;d'bfo leq ePsf ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof
v_ !% jif{ eGbf dflysf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;fIf/tf b/
u_ P;Pn;L / ;f] eGbf dflynf] tx;Dd k9]sf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;+Vof
3_ % b]lv !% jif{ ;Ddsf afnaflnsfx?df :s'n uPsf / guPsfx?sf] ;+Vof
8=_ lzIff;+u ;DalGwt cGo ;"rgfx?
dfly pNn]lvt ;"rgfx? klxn] g} ;+sng e};s]sf] 5 eg] klxn] g} n]v]/ k|:t' ug{ ;lsG5 . 5nkmn ug'{ eGbf klxn] lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;"rgfx? ;+sng ePsf] 5}g eg] ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fnfO{ k|of]u u/L dfly pNn]lvt ;"rgfx? ;+sng ug'{ kb{5 .
^=@= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx? ;+sng
dfly pNn]lvt lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;"rgfx? /fvL;s]kl5 lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx? ;+sng ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] nflu lzIff;+u ;DalGwt tYof+sx?nfO{ k9]/ ;'gfpg] . To; kl5 lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d'bfosf /fd|f kIf / ;d:ofx?sf]af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ . ;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf lzIff;DaGwL /fd|f] kIf / ;d:ofx?nfO{ 5'§f 5'§} sfuhdf n]Vg] .
^=#= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
5nkmnaf6 cfPsf lzIff;DaGwL ;a} ;d:ofx?nfO{ Ps} k6s ;dfwfg ug{ ;ls+b}gg\ . To;}n] k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ;dfwfg ub}{ hfgsf nflu ;d:ofx?nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f cf}hf/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . of] hf]8fut :t/Ls/0faf6 k|fyldsLs/0f s], lsg / s;/L ug]{ eGg]af/]df xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $sf] * df lbO{Psf] 5 .
^=$= sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f kl5 d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0 / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0fsf nflu a[If ljZn]if0f cf}hf/nfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . of] a[If ljZnif0f cf}hf/sf]af/]df xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] bfkfm ^ df lbOPsf] 5 .
^= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
^=%= ug'{ kg]{ sfo{sf] 5gf}6
lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f kl5 sf/0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 . o;df 5gf}6 ePsf sfo{x?sf] g} kl5 sfo{of]hgf agfpg] ePsf]n] # b]lv % j6f ;Dd dfq sfo{x?sf] 5gf}6 ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
^=^= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf nflu 5gf}6 u/]sf sfo{x?nfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfaf6 sfof{Gjog ug{ # b]lv % j6f;Dd sfo{of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 . sfo{of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ;+3;+:yf tyf cGo ljifout sfof{nox?df k]z ug]{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj kmf/d cg';f/ ug'{ kb{5 . olb ;f] kmf/fd cg';f/ sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;dosf] cefj ePdf :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf kmf/d cg';f/ eP klg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . oL b'a} lsl;dsf cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/dx? o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] & df lbO{Psf] 5 .
lzIff;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj km/fd cg';f/ tof/ u/L;s]kl5 ljifout If]q cg';f/ 5'§f 5'§} kmfOln+u u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
^=&= /f]u;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf ef}lts ljsf;sf] ;fy} ljleGg vfnsf /f]ux¿af6 aRg klg sfo{of]hgfx? agfpg' kb{5 . To;}n] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf /f]ux?;DaGwL klg 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 . df};d cg';f/ nfUg] /f]ux?;DaGwL 5nkmn ug{sf] nflu df};dL kfqf] agfP/ ug{ ;lsG5 . df};dL kfqf] kfqf]sf] k|ofu o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] # df lbOPsf] 5 .
&= /f]u;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf agfpg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?
&=!= df};d cg';f/ nfUg] /f]ux?sf] klxrfg
&=@= /f]ux?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
&=#= d'Vo /f]ux?sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
&=$= d'Vo /f]ux?af6 aRg] pkfox?
&=%= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
&=!= df};d cg';f/ nfUg] /f]ux?sf] klxrfg
/f]u;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf agfpgsf nflu ;a} eGbf klxn] df};d cg';f/ nfUg] /f]ux?sf] klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] nflu /f]usf] df};dL kfqf] agfpg' kb{5 . /f]usf] df};dL kfqf] agfpg] tl/sf xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] # df lbOPsf] 5 . of] df};dL kfqf]sf] ;xfotfn] df};d cg';f/ /f]ux?sf] klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf40
40
&=@= /f]ux?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f
Df};d cg';f/ nfUg] /f]ux?sf] k|fyldsL s/0f ug{sf] nflu ;a} eGbf klxn] /f]ux?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . /f]ux?sf] ;"rL tof/ eP kl5 k|fyldsLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . df};d cg';f/ nfUg] /f]ux?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f cf}hf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o; hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f cf]hf/sf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf o;} xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b % sf] $ df lbOPsf] 5 .
&=#= d'Vo /f]ux?sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
/f]ux?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f kl5 df};d cg';f/ nfUg] /f]ux?sf] sf/0f c;/ ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df # b]lv % j6f /f]usf] dfq} sf/0f c;/ ljZn]if0f u/] k'Ub5 . /f]usf] sf/0f c;/ ljZn]ifsf nflu a[If ljzn]if0f cf}hf/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o; a[If ljZn]if0fsfaf/]df o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] ^ df lbOPsf] 5 .
&=$= d'Vo /f]ux?af6 aRg] pkfox?
d'Vo d'Vo /f]ux?sf] sf/0f c;/ ljZn]if0f kl5 tL /f]ux?af6 aRg] pkfox? 5nkmn u/L lgsfNg' kb{5 . df};d cg';f/ nfUg] /f]ux?af6 aRg] pkfox?nfO{ 5'§} n]v]/ /fVg' kb{5 .
&=%= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
df};d cg';f/ nfUg] /f]ux?af6 aRg] pkfox? lgsfnL;s]kl5 Tof] cg';f/ sfd ug{ sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug'{ kb{5 . k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df # b]lv % j6f ;Dd /f]uaf6 aRg sfo{of]hgfx? agfpg' kb{5 . sfo{of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ;+3;+:yf tyf cGo ljifout sfof{nox?df k]z ug]{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj kmf/d cg';f/ x'g' kb{5 . olb ;f] kmf/fd cg';f/ sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;dosf] cefj ePdf :yfgLo lgsfodf k]z ug]{ cfof]hgf kmf/d cg';f/ eP klg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . oL b'a} lsl;dsf cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/dx? o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] & df lbO{Psf] 5 .
/f]uaf6 aRg agfPsf sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj km/fd cg';f/ tof/ u/L;s]kl5 ljifout If]q cg';f/ 5'§f 5'§} kmfOln+u u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
*= cGo ljifout sfo{of]hgfx?
dfly pNn]lvt ljifout sfo{of]hgfx? afx]s ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf x]/L cGo ljifot sfo{of]hgfx? klg agfpg' kg]{ x'G5 – h:t} afnaflnsf;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf, a[4a[4fx?;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf, s[lif;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf, lszf]/lszf]/Lx?;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf cflb .
cGo ljifout sfo{of]hgf agfpgsf nflu klg ljleGg cf}hf/x? k|of]u u/L ;d:of jf cfjZostfx? klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 . To; kl5 qmdzM k|fyldsLs/0f, sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f u/L sfo{of]hgfx? agfpg
;lsG5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 41
rf}yf] r/0f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] Joj:yfkg
;xeflutfd'ns tl/sfaf6 of]hgfx¿ tof/ eP kZrft\ To;sf] Joj:yfkg klg ug'{ kb{5 . ;fd'bflos
sfo{of]hgf Joj:yfkgsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{ of]hgfx¿nfO{ clGtd ?k lbg]
@= of]hgfx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{
#= >f]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtfsf cfwf/df of]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f
$= sfo{of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogsf nflu kxn ug]{
$=!= ;d'bfo cfk}mn] ug{ ;Sg] sfo{ z'? ug]{
$=@= ;DalGwt JolQm tyf ;+3 ;+:yfdf cfof]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug]{
$=#= :yfgLo lgsfodf cfof]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug]{
$=$= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf nflu of]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{
%= :jLs[t sfo{ of]hgfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog=ug]{
^= ;fj{hlgs n]vf kl/If0fsf] ;fy} cf}krfl/s?kdf sfo{qmdsf] d"Nof°g ug'{
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{ of]hgfx¿nfO{ clGtd ?k lbg]
xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b @ cg';f/ ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx? agfpg] xf] eg] slDtdf #)
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf42
42
b]lv %) j6f;Dd ljifout sfo{of]hgfx¿ tof/ x'G5 . o;/L tof/ ePsf of]hgfx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt
agfpgsf nflu k'gM n]vg jf sDKo"6/df 6fOk u/L clGtd?k lbg' kb{5 . oL of]hgfx¿df
cfjZostf cg';f/ kl5 kl/dfh{g / yk36 klg ug'{ kg]{ x'g ;S5 . To;}n] sfo{of]hgfx?df
cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/dfh{g / yk36 ug{ ;lhnf]sf] nflu k|To]s of]hgfx¿ 5'§f 5'§} gTyL
u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
@= of]hgfx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿ 5'§f 5'§} kfgfdf tof/ eP kZrft\ sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] ;"rL 5'§} kfgfdf
tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . h;n] ubf{ s] slt of]hgfx¿ tof/ eof] egL Ps} k6s x]g{ ;lhnf] x'G5
#= >f]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtfsf cfwf/df of]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f
;xeflutfd'ns tl/sfaf6 ag]sf ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ ljleGg vfnsf
>f]t ;fwgx?sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . tL >f]t ;fwg sxfFaf6 / s;/L Joj:yf ug]{ eGg];DaGwL
klxn] g} ljrf/ ug'{ kb{5 . To;}n] cfjZos >f]t ;fwgsf] cfwf/df of]hgfx?sf] juL{s/0f ug'{
kb{5 . >f]t ;fwgsf] cfwf/df of]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f ug'{ eGbf klxn] of]hgfsf] nflu sxfF sxfFaf6
>f]t ;fwgx¿ pknAw x'G5 eGg] s'/f yfxf x'g' kb{5 . To;}n] oxfF ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] nflu
cfjZos >f]t ;fwgsf]af/]df cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿ /flvPsf]5 .
#=!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos >f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{sf nflu >f]t ;fwgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf
nflu cfjZos >f]t ;fwgx? lgDg >f]taf6 Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 .
#=!=!= ;d'bfosf] cfGtl/s >f]t
w]/} h;f] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] nflu cfjZos >f]t ;fwg ;d'bfo leq g} x'G5 . ;fd'bflos
sfo{of]hgf ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dd'bfo cfk}mn] agfpg] ePsf]n] oL of]hgfx¿df ckgTj x'G5
To;}n] cfkmgf] ;fdYo{ cg';f/ ;xof]u ug{ tTk/ x'G5g\ . ctM k|To]s 3/w'/Laf6 bfdf;fxLn] /sd
;+sng u/]/, ;d'bfo leq ePsf ;Lk tyf hgzlQmsf] pkof]u u/]/, :yfgLo ¿kdf k|fKt sRrf k|bfy{sf]
k|of]u u/]/ klg cfjZos >f]t ;fwg h'6fpg ;lsG5 . To:t} ;d'bfosf] cfk\mg} sf]if klg x'g ;S5 .
h'g sf]if ;d'bfosf] lxtsf] nflu ;lhn} k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
#=!=@= gLlh sDkgL jf JolQmaf6 ;xof]u
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos >f]t ;fwg ;d'bfo leq /x]sf snsf/vfgf,
;xsf/L ;+:yf, gLlh a}+sx¿ tyf rGbfbftfx¿ cflbaf6 klg ;xof]u lnP/ ug{ ;lsG5 . gLlh
sDklg tyf ;xsf/Lx¿n] klg cfk\mgf] cfDbfgLsf] s]xL c+z cfk\mgf] sfo{ If]qsf hgtfx¿sf] hLjg:t/
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 43
dfly psf:g] p2]Zon] vr{ ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f b]lv clGtd r/0f;Dd
;xeflutfd"ns tyf kf/bzL{ ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg] ePsf]n] o:tf] sfo{df ;xof]u ug{ pNn]lvt ;+:yfx?
OR5's x'G5g\\ . ctM o:tf ;+:yf tyf JolQmx¿sf] clen]v /fVg] / pgLx¿;+u ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug'{ kb{5 .
;xof]uL ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;Ddfg ug'{ kb{5, ctM ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu
;xof]u ug]{ ;+3;+:yf, lgsfo tyf JolQmx¿sf] ;xof]u ug]{ efjgf cem j[l4 x'G5 .
#=!=#= ljifout ;/sf/L lgsfox¿
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu >f]t ;fwg k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] lgsfox¿df ljifout ;/sf/L
sfof{nox¿ klg x'g\ . ljifout ;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf] cfjZos k|lqmof leq /x]/ >f]t ;fwg dfu ug]{
xf] eg] kfpg ;lsG5, h:t} dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, 3/]n' ljefu, lhNnf
hg:jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ sfof{no cflb ljifout ;/sf/L sfof{nox? . cfjZos >f]t ;fwg k|fKt
ug{sf nflu ljifout ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿sf] gLlt lgod leq /x]/ cfjZos >f]t ;fwgsf] dfu ug'{ kg{]
x'G5 .
#=!=$= /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿
;fd'bflos sfof{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 klg
>f]t ;fwg k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f z'? b]lv cGt;Dd g} ;xeflutfd"ns
tl/sfaf6 x'g] / ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿ klg k|:tfjsf] ?kdf tof/ x'g] ePsf]n] /fli6«o tyf
cGt/fli6«o ;+3;+:yfx¿af6 klg ;xh ?kdf >f]t ;fwg k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf
nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ rfxg] ;+3;+:yfsf] gLlt lgod cg';f/ k|:tfj k]z u/L cfjZos >f]t ;fwgx¿ kfpg
;lsG5 .
#=!=%= :yfgLo ;/sf/L lgsfox¿
:yfgLo ;/sf/L lgsfo eGgfn] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt eGg]
a'lemG5 . oL :yfgLo sfo{kflnsfx¿sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L eg]sf] cfk\mgf] sfo{If]q leqsf ;d'bfox¿sf] ljsf; ug]{{
xf] . To;}n] ;fd'bfon] agfpg] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿n] ;DalGwt If]qsf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ePsf]
n] cfk"m;+u ePsf] >f]t ;fwgx¿ pknAw u/fpg ;Sb5 . t/ o;sf] nflu :yfgLo sfo{kflnsfx¿sf]
gLlt lgod tyf k|lqmof cg';f/ of]hgf dfu ug{' kb{5 .
#=@=>f]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtfcfwf/df ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f
>f]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtfsf cfwf/df ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] tflnsf
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf44
44
qm=;+ of]hgfsf] gfd
cfjZos >f]t ;fwg pknAw u/fpg] JolQm jf lgsfo jf ;+3;+:yfx¿
s}lkmot
;d'bfo gLlh ;+:yf jf JolQm
ljifout ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿
u}=;=; :yfgLo lgsfo
gf]6M dfly pNn]lvt kmf/d eg]{ qmddf ;aeGbf klxn] qmd ;+Vof / of]hgfsf] gfd n]Vg] . To;
kl5 Tof] of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu >f]t ;fwg sxf+af6 Joj:yf ug]{ xf] To;df 7Ls -√_ lrGx nufpg] . Pp6f of]hgfsf] nflu Ps eGbf a9L 7fp+af6 >f]tsf] Joj:yf ug]{ xf] eg] sxf+ sxf+af6
>f]tsf] Joj:yf ug]{ xf] tL ;a}df l7s -√_ lrGx nufpg' kb{5 .
$= sfo{of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogsf nflu kxn ug]{
>f]t ;fwgsf cfwf/df sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f u/L;s]kl5 To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu
lgDgfg';f/ kxn ug'{{ kg]{ x'G5 .
$=!= ;d'bfo cfk}mn] ug{ ;Sg] sfo{ z'? ug]{
>f]t ;fwgsf] cfwf/df ;fd'bflos of]hgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f ubf{ ;d'bfon] cf©\g} >f]tn] ug{ ;Sg]
sfo{x¿ hlt 5g\ tL sfo{x¿ sfo{of]hgfsf] ;do tflnsf cg';f/ t'?Gt z'? ul/ xfNg' kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{ of]hgf agfO{;s]kl5 ;fgf] eP klg sfdsf] z'? ug{ ;s]df ;d'bfosf] ;fd'bflos
sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lt ;sf/fTd wf/0ff aG5 . o;af6 ;d'bfonfO{ ;xeflutfd'ns tl/sfaf6
cGo sfdx¿ ug{ klg xf};nf a9fp+5 . ;d'bfo cfk}mn] ug{ ;lsg] sfo{x¿ cf/De u/]/ b]vfpg
;s]sf] v08df cGo ;+3 ;+:yf tyf lgsfox¿n] klg ;d'bfonfO{ ;sf/fTds tl/sfn] x]5{g\ .
h;n] ubf{ cGo ;+3;+:yf tyf lgsfox¿;+u ldn]/ af+ls ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjog
ug{ ;xof]u ldNb5 .
$=@= ;DalGwt JolQm tyf ;+3 ;+:yfdf cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{
>f]t ;fwgsf] cfwf/df ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] ju{L{s/0f ubf{ h'g of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf
nflu hf];+u >f]t ;fwgsf] ck]Iff /fv]sf] xf] ;f] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ u/L
k]z ug'{ kb{5 . s'g} klg JolQm jf ;+3 ;+:yfdf cfof]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug'{ eGbf klxn] ;DalGwt
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 45
JolQm;+u ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug'{sf] ;fy} ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf s], lsg / s;/L tof/ eof] eGg]
s'/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 . To; kl5 jxFfx¿sf] /fo ;Nnfx cg';f/ ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfnfO{
cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfjsf] ?kdf tof/ u/L k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
$=#= :yfgLo lgsfodf cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{
>f]t;fwgsf] cfwf/df ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx?sf] juL{s/0f ubf{ :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 >f]t;fwgsf]
ck]Iff ul/Psf of]hgfx?sf nflu ;do leq g} ;DalGwt ;d'bfon] tof/ u/]sf] ;fd'bflos
sfo{of]hgfx?nfO{ :yfgLo lgsfosf] cfof]hgf k|:tfj cg';f/sf] kmf/d e/L k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
:yfgLo lgsfosf] nflu cfof]hgf k|:tfjsf] kmf/d eg'{ eGbf klxn] :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] of]hgf
th'{df k|lqmof nufot cGo cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿sf] hfgsf/L x'g' kb{5 . cGoyf k|lqmof gk'¥ofO{
k]z u/]sf cfof]hgfx¿ :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t x'+b}gg\ . To;}n] cfof]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug'{ eGbf
klxn] :yfgLo lgsfosf] of]hgf th'{df;DaGwL cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] o;
xft] k'l:tsfdf ljz]if u/L gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmsf cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿ kl/R5]b # df
/flvPsf 5g\ .
$=$= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf nflu of]hgf 5gf}6
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu kxn ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? dWo] k|bz{lg klg Ps
xf] . To;}n] ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 agfOPsf of]hgfx?nfO{ k|bz{lgdf /fVgsf] nflu cfjZos
;fdu|Lx? ;lxt 5'6\ofP/ kmfO{ln+u ug'{ kb{5 . of] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] k|bz{lgsf] lj:t[t
hfgsf/L o;} xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b # df /flvPsf] 5 .
$=%= :jLs[t sfo{ of]hgfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog
ljleGg lgsfodf k]z u/]sf k|:tfjx¿ :jLs[t ePkl5 ;DalGwt ;+3 ;+:yf tyf lgsfox¿sf]
lgodfg';f/ lgwf{l/t ;dodf g} k"/f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] rfxgf, cfjZostf cg';f/
cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg / d"Nof°g ug{ u/fpg pko'Qm jftf/0f tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . sfo{ ;DkGg eP
kl5 k|lta]bg klg ;dodf g} tof/ u/L k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
$=^= ;fj{hlgs n]vf kl/If0f
;fj{hlgs n]vf kl/If0fsf] ;fy} sfo{qmdsf] cf}krfl/s d"Nof°g ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf ;DaGwL
ePsf ultljlwx?sf]af/]df ;DalGwt JolQm tyf lgsfox?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg slDtdf jif{sf]
Ps k6s ;fj{hlgs n]vf kl/If0f ug'{ kb{5 . To:t} s'g} ;+:yf jf lgsfox?;+u ldn]/
cfof]hgf ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 eg] To; cfof]hgfsf] cf}krfl/s d"Nof°g ug{ pko'Qm jftf/0f tof/
u/L lbg' kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf46
46
kl/R5]b #
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lg
!= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] kl/ro
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{ljlw cg';f/ sfd ug]{ xf] eg] ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 s]xL lbg
d} ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ vfnsf w]/} j6f sfo{of]hgfx? abG5g\ . o;/L ;d'bfo cfk}mn]
agfPsf of]hgfx? dWo] sltko of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfk\mg} >f]t ;fwgn] Eofpg] vfnsf x'G5g\
eg] sltko of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu afXo >f]tsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . afXo >f]t cfjZos kg]{
of]hgfx?nfO{ ;DalGwt 7fp+;Dd k'¥ofP/ afXo >f]t;fwg k|flKtsf nflu ;d'bfon] k|of; ug'{ kb{5 .
cf©\gf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{sf nflu >f]t;fwg k|fKt ug]{ w]/} tl/sfx? 5g\ . tL dWo] ;fd'bflos
sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lg klg Ps xf] . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lg eg]sf] ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf ;+:yfsf
k|ltlgwLx?nfO{ Ps} 7fp+df cfdlGqt u/L ;d'bfon] agfPsf of]hgfx? b]vfpg] / tL of]hgfx?sf nflu
cfjZos >f]t;fwg s;n], s], slt ;xof]u ug{ ;S5, To;sf] nflu ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 k|lta4tf hfx]/
ug{ u/fpg cfjZos jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{ xf] .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] k|bz{lg Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L ;d'bfox? ldn]/ ug{ ;lsG5 . Pp6f ;d'bfosf]
dfq} sfo{of]hgf k|bz{g ug'{ eGbf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L ;d'bfox? ldn]/ ug'{ k|efjsf/L x'G5 .
of] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lg w]/}sf] nflu gf}nf] x'g ;S5 . To;}n] of] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lg
s], lsg / s;/L ug]{ eGg];DaGwL ;DalGwt JolQm tyf lgsfox?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] of] xft]
k'l:tsf tof/ ul/Psf]5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 47
@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf p2]Zox?
;d'bfon] agfPsf of]hgfx?nfO{ cfjZos afx|o >f]tx? k|fKt ug{ ;DalGwt JolQm tyf lgsfox?nfO{
Ps} ynf]df cfdlGqt u/L of]hgfx? cjnf]sg ug{ lbg] / tL of]hgfx?sf nflu cfjZos >f]t;fwg
s;n], s], slt ;xof]u ug{ ;S5, To;sf] nflu k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug{ u/fpg cfjZos jftfj/0f tof/
ug'{ o;sf] k|d'v p2]Zo xf] . o;sf] cnfjf of] ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf cGo ljlzi6 p2]Zox?
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
!= ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yf tyf lgsfox?nfO{ ;d'bfosf] cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
@= ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yf lgsfox?;+u ;d'bfosf] ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug]{ .
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] af/]df hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ .
$= ;d'bfon] agfPsf sfo{of]hgfx?sf af/]df ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yf tyf lgsfox?nfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fpg] .
%= ;d'bfon] agfPsf sfo{of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos >f]t;fwg pknAw u/fpg
;DalGwt ;+3;+:yf tyf lgsfoaf6 k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/fpg] .
^= ;d'bfosf sfo{of]hgf k"/f ug{sf nflu ;xof]u ug{ OR5's ;+3, ;+:yf tyf lgsfox?sf]
klxrfg ug]{ .
#= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf r/0fx?
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgnfO{ Jojl:yt / pknlAwd"ns agfpgsf nflu r/0fa4 tl/sfaf6 sfd ug'{ kb{5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf r/0fx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
rf}yf] r/0f M
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf48
48
klxnf] r/0f M
sfo{of]hgf 5gf}6 r/0fkl/ro
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf r/0fx?dWo] klxnf] r/0fdf k|bz{gdf /fVg] of]hgfx?sf] 5gf}6 ug'[{
xf] . o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b @ cg';f/ k|bz{lg ug]{ lbg ;Dddf #) j6f eGbf a9L of]hgfx? tof/
e};s]sf x'G5g\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf ag]sf ;a} of]hgfx? k|bz{gdf /fVg' kb}{g .
k|bz{lgdf dxTjk"0f{ vfnsf / sfof{Gjogsf nflu afXo >f]t cfjZos kg]{ vfnsf of]hgfx? dfq 5gf}6
ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L k|bz{lgdf /fVg] of]hgf 5gf}6 u/L;s]kl5 To;nfO{ If]q cg';f/ 5'6\ofO{ k|bz{lgdf
/fVg] vfsfdf eg'{ kb5{ .
k|bz{lgsf nflu of]hgf eg]{ kmf/fd
w]/} h;f] k|bz{gdf /fVg] of]hgfx? :yfgLo lgsfox?df k]z ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] oxf+ :yfgLo lgsfosf]
nflu k|of]u ug'{ klg cfof]hgf kmf/dnfO{ g} /flvPsf] 5 . h'g kmf/d eg]{ tl/sf o; xft] k'l:tsfsf]
kl/R5]b $ sf] $ df /flvPsf] 5 .
gu/kflnsfsf] 6f]n ljsf; of]hgfsf nflu k|:tfj kmf/fd
uflj;÷gkf M j8f g+M 6f]n jf ;d'bfosf] gfdM
ljifout If]q M
qm=;
+
k|:tfljt
of]hgfsf] gfd
cfof]hgfsf] l:ylt -go
fF, q
mdfut
jf
dd{t
;Def/_ cfof]hgfsf]
cg'd
flgt
cjlw
dfu
ul/Psf]
hDdf /s
d
-sG6Lh]G;L
;lxt_
nfeflGjt 3/w'/L n}lu+s nfe-
flGjt
s}lkmot
z'? ldlt
;DkGg ldlt
pke
f]Qmfs
f] of]ub
fg
uflj;÷gkf
cGo
hDdf blnt
cflb
jf;L
hgh
ftL
dw]zL
d'l:n
d
lk58f ju
{
cGo
hDdf
Dlxnf
k'?if
hDdf
d k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d k' d k'
gf]6 M Pp6f ljifout If]qnfO{ Pp6f kfgf k|of]u ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 . k|bz{lgdf o;nfO{ km\n]z lk|G6 jf 7"nf
k]k/df n]v]/ /fVg' kb{5 . ljifout If]q cg';f/ k|bz{lgsf nflu % j6f eGbf a9L kfgf x'g ;S5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 49
bf]>f] r/0f M
;fdu|L lgdf{0f r/0f;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsf] bf]>f] r/0fdf k|bz{lgsf nflu cfjZos ;fdu|Lx? tof/ ug'{ kb{5 .
k|bz{lgsf] nflu of] ;a eGbf dxTjk"0f{ r/0f xf] . k|bz{lgdf /flvg] ;fduL|x? hlt cfsif{s agfpg
;Sof], Tolt g} k|bz{lgsf ;xefuLx?sf]
Wofgfsif{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgdf /fVg' kg]{ ;fdu|Lx? lgDgfg';f/sf 5g\ .
k|bz{gdf /fVg' kg]{ ;fdu|Lx?
!= k|bz{g cfof]hssf] gfd / nf]uf] ;lxtsf] km\n]z lk|G6
@= ;d'bfox? b]lvg] u/L uflj;÷gu/kflnsfsf] gS;f
#= ;d'bfosf cfwf/e"t ;"rgf ;lxtsf] km\n]z lk|G6 ug]{ jf 7"nf] sfuhdf n]Vg]
$= ;d'bfo cg';f/ ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf;+u ;DalGwt ;fdu|Lx?
$=!= ;+:yfut ljsf;
$=!=!= ;+:yfsf] kl/ro -sfo{of]hgf agfpg] ;+:yf jf ;d"x_
$=!=@= ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos s'/fx?
$=!=#= ;+:yfut ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt cfjZostfx?sf] hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f
$=!=$= d'Vo ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t a[If ljZn]if0f
$=!=%= ;+:yfut ljsf;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgfx? -kl/R5]b @ sf] &=! cg';f/_
$=@= ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
$=@=!= ;d'bfosf d"Vo ;"rgf ;lxtsf] ;fdflhs gS;f
$=@=@= ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0f
$=@=#= d"Vo ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t a[If ljZn]if0f
$=@=$= ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt cfjZostfx?
$=@=%= ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt cfjZostfx?sf] hf]8fut :t/
Ls/0f
$=@=^= ef}lts k"jf{wf/;+u ;DalGwt of]hgfx? -kl/R5]b @ sf] &=! cg';f/_
$=#= cfo cfh{g
$=#=!= cfDbflg vr{ ;lxtsf] r'lxg] ufu|L ljZn]if0f
$=#=@= 3/;+u ;DalGwt ;d:of jf cfjZostf
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf50
50
$=#=#= 3/;+u ;DalGwt ;d:of jf cfjZostfx?sf] hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f
$=#=$= 3/sf] d"Vo ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t a[If ljZn]if0f
$=#=%= cfocfh{g;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgfx? -kl/R5]b @ sf] &=! cg';f/_
$=$= :jf:Yodf ;'wf/
$=$=!= /f]u;+u ;DalGwt df};ld kfqf]
$=$=@= /f]u;+u ;DalGwt ;d:of jf cfjZostfx?
$=$=#= /f]u;+u ;DalGwt ;d:of jf cfjZostfx/sf] hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f
$=$=$= /f]u;+u ;DalGwt ;d:of jf cfjZostfx? dWo] d"Vo ;d:ofdf
cfwfl/t a[If ljZn]if0f
$=$=%= :jf:Yo;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgfx? -kl/R5]b @ sf] &=! cg';f/_
$=%= dlxnf ;zlQms/0f
$=%=!= n}+lus sfo{ af]em ljZn]if0fsf] tflnsf
$=%=@= dlxnfx?;+u ;DalGwt cfjZostfx?
$=%=#= dlxnfx?sf] cfjZostfx?sf] hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f
$=%=$= dlxnfx?;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?dWo] d"Vo ;df:ofdf cfwfl/t a[If
ljZn]if0f
$=%=%= dlxnfx?;+u ;DalGwt of]hgfx? -kl/R5]b @ sf] &=! cg';f/_
$=^= afn ljsf;
$=^=!= pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ afnaflnsfsf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f
$=^=@= afnaflnsf;+u ;DalGwt cfjZostfx?
$=^=#= afnaflnsfx?;+u ;DalGwt cfjZostfx?sf] hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f
$=^=$= afnaflnsfx?;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?dWo] d"Vo ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t
a[If ljZn]if0f
$=^=%= afnaflnsfx?;+u ;DalGwt of]hgfx?-kl/R5]b @ sf] &=! cg';f/_
$=&= lzIffdf ;'wf/
$=&=!= pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ lzIffsf] cj:yf emlNsg] ljj/0f
$=&=@= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?
$=&=#= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f
$=&=$= d'Vo ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t a[If ljZn]if0f
$=&=%= lzIff;+u ;DalGwt sfo{of]hgf -kl/R5]b @ sf] &=! cg';f/_
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 51
$=*= cGo
dfly pNn]lvt ljifout of]hgfx? afx]s ;d'bfosf] cj:yf / cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo of]hgfx? klg /fVg ;lsG5 .
$= *=!= cltlyx?af6 lnlvt k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug]{ sfuh
$=*=@= ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf lvr]sf kmf]6f]x?
gf]6 M dfly pNn]lvt ;fdfu|L tyf ;"rgfx? o; xft] k'l:tsfsf] r/0f @ df klxn] g} tof/ e};s]sf]
x'G5 . tL ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ cfsif{s 9+uaf6 tof/ ug]{ dfq} xf] .
t]>f] r/0f M
k|rf/ k|;f/ r/0f;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{gsf] rf}yf] r/0fdf k|rf/ k|zf/ ug'{ kb{5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{gsf]
slDtdf !) lbg cufl8 b]lv k|rf/ k|zf/ ug'{ kb{5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgfsf] k|bz{lgsf] af/]df k|rf/
k|zf/ lgDgfg';f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
!= ljB'tLo ;+rf/ dfWod -:yfgLo :t/sf Pkm=Pd /]l8of]_
@= kq klqsf -:yfgLo :t/sf b}lgs tyf ;fKtflxs klqsf_
#= :yfgLo :t/sf Pkm=Pd /]l8of]
$= kqsf/ ;Dd]ng
%= krf{ kDkn]6 cflb
rf}yf] r/0f M
k|bz{g ug]{ lbgsf] nflu k"j{ tof/ r/0f;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{g ug]{ lbgsf] nflu ug'{ kg]{ k"j{ tof/L lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
!= sfo{qmd :ynsf] 5gf}6 ug]{
@= sfo{qmd ;+rfnssf] 5gf}6 ug]{
#= k|d'v cltlysf] rog ug]{
$= cGo cltlyx?sf] rog ug]{
%= x/]s 6f]naf6 cu'jf rog ug]{
^= sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L agfpg Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug]{ / k|bz{g lbgsf] nflu sfo{ ljefhg ug]{
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf52
52
&= k|bz{lgdf /fVg] ;fdu|Lx? Ps lbg cufl8 g} k'gM hf+r ug]{{
*= sfo{qmd cfuGt'sx?nfO{ ;dodf g} k|qfrf/ ug]{
(= sfo{qmdsf cjlwsf nflu :jo+ ;]jsx?sf] Joj:yf ug]{
!)= sfo{qmd :yn hfgsf nflu 6f]n 6f]naf6 oftfoftsf] Joj:yf ug]{
!!= cfjZos Jofg/x? tof/ ug]{
!@= sfo{qmd ;+rfng cjlwsf nflu sfo{qmd ;lxt ;do tflnsf tof/ ug]{
;do kl/l:ylt cg';f/ sfo{qmd tyf ;do tflnsf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . k|d'v cltly /
;efWoIf;+u ;Nnfx u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ sfo{qmd kl/dfh{g ug'{ kb{5 .
!#= sfo{qmdsf] 5fof+sg ug{ s'g} Ps d]l8ofnfO{ lhDdf lbg]
!%= ;ef cWoIf rog ug]{ / ;dodf g} jxfFnfO{ ;"rgf lbg]
!^= :jfut tyf cGo dGtJo lbg]x?sf] rog ug]{
!&= /fli6|o ufg / lbk k|Hjn u/L pb\3f6g ug{ cfjZos ;fdu|Lx? tof/ ug]{
!*= Do"lhs l:6dsf] nflu klxn]g} hfgsf/L u/fpg]
!(= sfo{qmd cg';f/ d+rsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]
@)= cfuGt'sx?sf] ljrf/ ;+sngsf nflu cfuGt's k'l:tsf tof/L cj:yfdf /fVg]
@!= k|bz{lgdf /fVg] ;fdu|Lx? Ps lbg cufl8 g} qmd ldnfP/ 6f+:g] jf em'08\ofpg] . olb
cl3nf] lbgdf tL ;fd|Lx? /fVg ;lsPg eg] k|bz{g x'g] ;do eGbf slDtdf b'O{ 306f cufl8 ;fdfu|L 6fF:g] sfd ;DkGg ug'{ kb{5 . ;fdu|L 6fF:bf r/0f @ cg';f/ qmd ldnfP/
6fF:g' kb{5 .
kfFrf} r/0f M
cltyLx¿nfO{ cgf}krfl/s lgdGq0ff ug]{ r/0fo; r/0fdf cltyLx?sf] ;"rL agfO{ lgdGq0ff sf8{ k7fpg] ul/G5 . O{d]n tyf kmf]g ;Dks{ dfkm{t klg
lgdGq0ff ug{ ;lsG5 .
5}7f}+ r/0f M
sfo{of]hgf k|bz{gsf] lbgdf ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?!= cltlyx?nfO{ :jfut ug]{ / d~r;Dd hfg ;xof]u ug]{
@= pb3f]ifsaf6 k|bz{g sfo{qmd z'? ug]{ .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 53
k|bz{g sfo{qmdsf] gd"gf ;do tflnsf
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{lgsfo{qmd tflnsf, == = == =
ldltM
sfo{qmd ;do
!= ;xeflux?sf] cfudg tyf gfd btf{ #) ld@= cfzg u|x0f % ld
– sfo{qmdsf ;efWoIfsf] cfzg u|x0f
– k|d"v cltlyM
– laz]if cltlyx?M >L =====================
>L ====================,#= :jfut tyf sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo dfly k|sfz - >L ======== % ld $= cltlyx?nfO{ Aofr lat/0fM ====================================== !) ld %= kfg;df bLk k|Hjng ul/ cf}krfl/s pb\3f6gM >L ================= % ld^= cfof]hssf] tk{maf6 sfo{qmdsfaf/]df k|:t'tLs/0fM >L === !) ld &= k|bz{gL cjnf]sg #) ld*= lrofkfg !% ld(= k'gM d~rdf cfzg u|x0f !) ld!)= k|bz{lgsfaf/]df dgtJo !=;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmof– ;d'bfosf] tk{maf6 % ld @= cltlyx?sf] tk{maf6 $ hgf @) ld #= k|bz{g cfof]hssf] tk{maf6 % ld $= k|d'v cltlyaf6 dGtJo !) ld!!= wGojfb 1fkg– cfof]hssf] tk{maf6 % ld!@= ;efWoIfaf6 dGtJo ;lxt sfo{qmd ;dfkg % ld
k|bz{lg sfo{qmd cg';f/ cjnf]sg u/fp+bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx?
!= kfn}kfnf] x]g]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg]
@= :j+od ;]jsx?n] cjnf]sgnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ cfjZos kxn ug]{
#= k|To]s ;d'bfoaf6 Ps Ps hgfn] cfjZostf cg';f/ k|:t't ug]{ / cjnf]sgstf{x?n] ;f]w]
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf54
54
cg';f/sf] hjfkm lbg]
$= ljifout If]q cg';f/ agfPsf of]hgfx?nfO{ hf]8 lbP/ k|lta4tf kqdf k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug{
cg'/f]w ug]{ . ;d'bfosf cGo dlxnf tyf kbflwsf/Lx?n] klg cltlyx?af6 k|lta4tf hfx]/
u/fpgsf nflu cfjZos jftf/0f tof/ ug{] .
%= k|bz{lgsf] cjnf]sgsf] ;fy} ;xof]usf] nflu k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug]{ cltlyx?nfO{ ;d'bfosf]
tk{maf6 ljz]if wGoafb lbg] .
^= cltlyx?af6 k|bz{gsf] cjnf]sg tyf k|lta4tf hfx]/ ul//x]sf] kmf]6f]x? lvRg] .
;ftf}+ r/0f M
k|bz{gLsf] ;ldIffk|bz{g s] s:tf] eof] eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpgsf] nflu k|bz{g ;s]sf] # lbg leq k|bz{g Joj:yfkg
;ldltn] ;ldIff a}7s af]nfpg' kb{5 . o; ;ldIff a}7sdf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/lx?, k|bz{gsf
nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u ug]{ lgsfo jf ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw nufot k|bz{lgsf k|:tf]tf / :jo+ ;]jsx?nfO{
;xeflu u/fpg' kb{5 . ;ldIff a}7saf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ lnvt b:tfa]hsf] ?kdf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 .
cf7f}+ r/0f M
cfof]hgf k|:tfj k]z;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|bz{gsf] lbg ;xof]usf] nflu k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug]{x?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{
kb{5 . h'g h'g ;+:yf tyf lgsfosf k|ltlglwx?n] ;xof]usf] nflu k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf] lyof], Tof]
;xuf]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf cfof]hgf k|:tfj k]z ug'[ kg]{ x'G5 .
;DalGwt ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] nflu cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ ug'{ eGbf klxn] ;DalGwt JolQm;+u e]6L
;/;Nnfx ug'{ kb{5 . olb ;DalGwt ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] cfkm\g} cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d 5 eg] ;f] kmf/d
cg';f/ cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ u/L k]z ug'{ kb{5 . ;fdfGo tof o; ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
xft] k'l:tsfsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] &=@ df /fv]sf] cfof]hgf k|:tfj vfsf cg';f/ tof/ ug'{ eof] eg] k|foM
h;f]sf] nflu ldNb5 . cfof]hgf k|:tfjsf] nflu 5'§}} kmf/d g} eP klg Tof] kmf/d eg{sf nflu rflxg]
;"rgfx? kl/R5]b @ sf] &=! jf &=@ cg';f/ ag]sf cfof]hgf k|:tfjx?af6 lng ;lsG5 . To;n} z'?df
kl/R5]b @ sf] &=!Jff &=@ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ ug'{ kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 55
gjf}+ r/0f M
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog r/0fljleGg lgsfodf k]z u/]sf k|:tfjgfx¿ :jLs[t ePkl5 ;DalGwt ;+3 ;+:yf tyf lgsfox¿sf] lgod
cg';f/ lgwf{l/t ;dodf g} k"/f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . To:t} ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] rfxgf / cfjZostf cg';f/
cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg / d"Nof°g ug'{ kb{5 . To:t} cfjZostf cg';f/sf] k|lta]bg klg g} tof/ u/L
lgwf{l/t ;dodf k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
bzf}+ r/0f M
cg'udg tyf d"Nof°g r/0fTo:t} ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] rfxgf / cfjZostf cg';f/ cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg / d"Nof°g ug]{÷u/fpg] ug'{
kb{5 . cfof]hgfsf] z'? b]lv cGt;Dd ePsf lqmosnfkx?sf] k|lta]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt ;+:yf jf
lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf56
56
kl/R5]b $
;xeflutfd"ns u|fld0f n]vfhf]vf cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpgsf nflu ;a} eGbf klxn] ;xeflutfd"ns cf}hf/x¿ k|of]u u/L ;d:of
jf cfjZostfx¿ klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 . To; kl5 ;d:of jf cfjZostfx?sf] ljZn]if0f / k|fyldsLs/0f
ug'{ kb{5 . ;d:of jf cfjZostfx¿sf] If]q / ljifo cg';f/ km/s km/s lsl;dsf cf}hf/x¿ k|of]u
ug'{ kb{5 . ;d:of jf cfjZostfx¿sf] k|fyldsLs/0fsf nflu cs}{ cf}hf/ k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 . To;}n]
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] :jo+;]js b]lv cGo JolQmx?n] klg tL cf}hfx¿ s],
lsg / s;/L k|of]u ug]{ eGg]af/]df yfxf kfpg' h?l/ x'G5 .
cfhsn ;d'bfodf ;d:of jf cfjZostf klxrfg, ljZn]if0f / k|fyldsLs/0fsf nflu %) j6f eGbf
a9L ljlwx? k|of]u e}/fv]sf 5g\ . t/ oxfF ;xefltd"ns u|fld0f n]vfhf]vfsf ;fdfGo hfgsf/L ;lxt
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg geO{ gx'g] ( j6f ljlw dfq /flvPsf 5g\ . h;sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f o;
kl/R5]b $ df /flvPsf] 5 .
!= ;xeflutfd"ns uf|ld0f n]vfhf]vfsf] cy{
;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;d'bfosf ;d:of jf r;f]sf ljifox¿ klxrfg ug]{b]lv lnP/ sfo{qmd th'{df,
sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"Nof°g ug{ ;3fpg] ljlw jf k|ljlwx¿sf] ;Fufnf]nfO{ ;xeflutfd"ns u|fdL0f
n]vfhf]vf Participatory Rural Appraisal (P.R.A ) elgG5 . o;nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf PRA / g]kfnLdf
klg eGg ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] lkcf/P g} eGg] ul/G5 . lkcf/PnfO{ u|fld0f If]qdf dfq geO{ zx/L If]qdf
klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . zx/L If]qdf ul/g] o:tf] vfnsf] ljlwnfO{ æ;xeflutfd"ns zx/L n]vfhf]vfÆ
cyf{t\ Participatory Urban Appraisal (PUA) elgG5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 57
@= lkcf/P (P.R.A ) sf] Oltxf;
a|flhnsf lzIffljb\ kfpnf] k|]m/Ln] a|flhnd} u/Ljx¿sf] hLjg:t/ dfly psf:g] clek|fon] sfo{qmdsf] x/]s :t/df hg;xefultf h'6fpg ul/Psf] k|of;nfO{ d'Vo >f]t jf cfwf/ - cGo >f]t klg _ agfO{ Robert Chambers n] ;xeflutfd"ns tf}/tl/sfnfO{ Jojl:yt u/L !(*) lt/ lkcf/Psf] cf}krfl/s gfdfs/0f u/]sf] kfOG5 .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;g !(() df ljg/s OG6/g]zgn gfds ;+:yfn] kl/rofTds tflnd ;+rfng u/L lkcf/PnfO{ leq\ØfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;g !((! df PSzg P8 g]kfn gfds ;+:yfn] lkcf/PnfO{ l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf klxnf] kN6 Jojxf/df k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
!= ;fdflhs gS;f
-!=!_ ;fdflhs >f]t gSzfsf] cy{
;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;d'bfodf cjl:yt dfgj lgld{t a:t' nufot k|fs[lts >f]tx?nfO{ ;dfa]z u/L agfPsf] gS;fnfO{ æ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fÆ elgG5 .
-!=@_ ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fdf b]vfpg ;lsg] ;'rgfx?
!=@=!= ;fdflhs a:t'x? - 3/ tyf 3/ aflx/sf] dfq _
c_ JolQmut
3/, sf/vfgf, xf]6n, ldn cflb
cf_ ;fa{hlgs
af6f], kf}jf, kf6L, dlGb/, u'Daf, rr{, dl:hb, kfs{, rf}/,
O_ ;]jf s]Gb|x?
:jf:Yo, lzIff, s[lif ;Fu ;DalGwt ejgx? nufot cGo
;]jfd'ns lgsfox?
O{_ k|fs[lts >f]tx?
hËn, vf]nf, tfn, vflg cflb .
!=@=@= 3/ leqsf] ;"rgf
hg;+Vof, lzIff, dfgj >f]t, :jf:Yo, kz'kfng, s[lif, rkL{ / 3/;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ;"rgfx?
-!=#_ ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f agfpg] tl/sf
!=#=!= k"a{ tof/L
– ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fsf] p2]Zo tof/ ug]{
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf58
58
– cfjZos ;fdfu|L tof/ ug]{
– p2]Zo / cf}lrTo ;lxt ;d'bfonfO{ k"a{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]
– cfjZos ;xeflutf / cfjZos ;fdfu|Lsf] klg k"a{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]
!=#=@= ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f agfpg] qmddf ug'{ kg]{ sfdx?
– pko'Qm 7fpFdf ;d'bfonfO{ e]nf ug]{
– ;d'bfonfO{ e]nf u/L kl/ro ug]{
– k'gM cf}lrTo / p2]Zosf] af/]df k|:6 kfg]{
– k|lqmof / ck]lIft ;xeflutfsf] af/]df eGg]
– ;fdflhs >f]t gS;f agfpgsf] nflu cfjZos 7fpFsf] Joj:yf ug]{
– ;fdflhs gS;f agfpg] l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ug]{
– z'?df a;]sf] 7fp+df lrGx nufpg]
– ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 af6f] / cGo k|d'v :yfgx? /fVg]
– k|fs[lts >f]tx? /fVg]
– ;se/ l56f] n7\7L x:tfGt/0f ug]{
– 3/x? /fVg] / 3/ d"nLx?sf] gfd n]Vg]
– cfjZos cGo ;"rgfx? ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 lng]
– gS;f ag] kl5 sfuhdf ptfg'{ eGbf klxn] ldn] gldn]sf] hfFr ug]{
-!=$_ ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fsf] laZn]if0f / of]hgf th'{df
– ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;d:of tyf cfjZostf klxrfg u/L of]hgf agfpg] / sfof{Gjog ug]{
gd"gf ;fdflhs gS;f
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 59
@= ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0f != ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0fsf] cy{
;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;d'bfosf JolQmx?nfO{ ;DkGgtfsf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f / ljZn]if0f ug]{
ljlwnfO{ ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0f elgG5 . o; ljlwaf6 ;d'bfodf ePsf ljkGg 3/w'/L 5gf}6 ug{ ;xof]u
ldNb5 . oxfF ljkGg kl/jf/ eGgfn] cfly{s?kdf dfq ljkGg ge}sg cGo ljifox? h:t}– ;fdflhs rfnrng, ;dfhn] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f, 5'jf5'tsf] cj:yf, vfB kof{Kttf, /f]huf/Lsf] l:ylt, pknAw ;]jf / >f]tx?dfly kx'Fr cflbnfO{ klg hgfpFb5 .
@= ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0f ug]{ tl/sf
!= ;d'bfonfO{ pko'Qm :yfgdf e]nf ug]{ .
@= ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0fsf] cf}lrTo / p2]Zo k|i6 kfg]{ .
#= ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0f ug]{ tl/sf atfpg] .
$= ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;DkGg, dWod, lgDg / clt ljkGg ju{sf ;"rsx? tof/ ug]{ .
%= ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fp+df /fVg] .
^= ;fdflhs >f]t gS;fdf ;dfa]z ePsf 3/d"lnx?sf] ;fgf];fgf] sfuhsf 6'qmfx?df 3/
gDa/ ;lxt n]Vg] .
&= ;fgf] b]lv 7"nf];Dd k|i6 b]lvg] u/L rf/ cfsf/sf uf]nfsf/ sfuhnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L
e'O+{df /fVg] .
*= ;a eGbf 7"nf] cfsf/sf] sfuhdf ;DkGg, To; kl5sf]df dWod, To; kl5sf]df ljkGg /
;aeGbf ;fgf] sfuhdf clt ljkGg n]v]/ ;a}nfO{ eGg] .
(= 3/ g+ ! sf] 3/d"nLsf] gfd ePsf] ;fgf] sfuh 6'qmfdf n]v] cg';f/sf] gfd ;a}n] ;'Gg] u/L eGg] / ;"rssf] cfwf/df h'g ju{df kb{5, ToxL cg';f/sf] uf]nfsf/ sfuhdf /fVg] .
!)= o:t} lsl;daf6 ;a}nfO{ ;DkGgtfsf] cfwf/df auL{s/0f ug]{ .
!!= ;DkGgtfsf] cfwf/df ;a}sf] auL{s/0f e};s]kl5 lgDgfg';f/sf] tflnsfdf eg]{
ju{ 3/ g+ ;"rs s}lkmot;DkGgdWodljkGgclt ljkGg
!@= ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ljkGg / clt ljkGgdf k/]sf sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug'{sf]
;fy} ;f];DaGwL cfjZostf klxrfg u/L of]hgf agfpg] / sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf60
60
#= df};dL kfqf]
!= df};dL kfqf]sf] cy{
df};d cg';f/sf ;"rgf, ;d:of jf cj;/x¿nfO{ ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ;+sng u/L ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 g} laZn]if0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lalwnfO{ Dff};dL kfqf] ( Seasonal Calendar ) elgG5 .
@= df};dL kfqf]af6 lng ;lsg] ;"rgfx¿
s= df};d cg';f/sf ;"rgfx¿
v= df};d cg';f/sf ;d:ofx¿
u= df};d cg';f/sf cj;/x¿
#= df};dL kfqf] agfpg] tl/sf
s= k"a{ tof/L
– df};dL kfqf]sf]] p2]Zo tof/ ug]{
– cfjZos ;fdfu|L tof/ ug]{
– p2]Zo / cf}lrTo ;lxt ;d'bfonfO{ k"a{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]
– cfjZos ;xeflutf / ;fdfu|Lsf] klg k"a{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]
v= df};dL kfqf] agfpg] qmddf ug'{ kg]{ sfdx¿
– pko'Qm 7fpFdf ;d'bfonfO{ e]nf ug]{
– kl/ro ug]{
– k'gM cf}lrTo / p2]Zosf] af/]df k|i6 kfg]{
– k|s[of / ck]lIft ;xeflutfsf] af/]df eGg]
– df};dL kfqf] agfpgsf] nflu cfjZos 7fpFsf] Joa:yf ug]{
– laifoa:t' k|i6 kfg]{
– !@ dlxgfsf] gfd n]Vg]
– dlxgf cg';f/ ;"rgf /fVb} hfg]
– dlxgf cg';f/ ;"rgf /fVbf kl/df0fnfO{ klg ;+s]t lbP/ /fVg ;ldG5 .
– ;se/ sf/0f jf ;"rsnfO{ klg /fVb} hfg' k5{
– df};dL kfqf] agL;s]kl5 sfuhdf ptfg'{ eGbf klxn]] hfFr ug]{
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 61
$= df};dL kfqf]sf] laZn]if0f / sfo{ of]hgf th'{df
df};d kfqf]sf] cfwf/df ;d:of jf cfjZostf klxrfg u/L of]hgf agfpg] / To;sf] sfof{Gjog
ug]{ .
afnaflnsfnfO{ df};dcg';f/ nfUg] /f]u;DaGwL df};dL kfqf]sf] Ps gd'gf
sf/0f a}zfv / h]7df
x'/Latf;n] aflx/
af6 kmf]xf]/
p8fP/ kfgL b'lift x'G5
a9L dfqfdf kfgL kg{]{
ePsf] x'+bf kmf]xf]/ a9\g],
vfN8fvfN8Ldf
kfgL hDg] x'+bf nfdv'§]
sf] a[l4 x'g]
udL{sf] sf/0fn]
kfgL b'lift x'G5
sflt{s d+;L/df df};g kl/jt{g
/ rf8af8 kg{]sf/0fn] df;',
df5f ;8] un]
sf] vfP/
hf8f] a9L x'g]] ;'Vvf df};d ePsf] sf/0fn
ljj/0f emf8f
kvfnf
nfUg] ePsf]
dn]l/of,
sfnfHjf]/
nfUg] u/]sf]
emf8f
kvfnf
x}hf, cfp“ kg]{
k]6 b'Vg],
emf8f kvfnf
nfUg]
aRrfx¿nfO{
lgdf]lgof
ePsf]
emf8f kvfnf,
7]pmnf, kfgL
kmf]sf cfpg]
kl/df0f
a}zfv h]7 cfiff9 >fj0f efb| c;f]h sflt{s d+;L/ k}fif df3 kmfNu'0f r}q
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf62
62
$= r'lxg] ufu|L ljZn]if0f!= r'lxg] ufu|L ljZn]if0fsf] cy{
s'g} 3/ jf ;d"x÷;+:yfsf] cfDbflgsf >f]tx? kQf nufpg'sf] ;fy} vr{ x'g] lzif{s / vr{ ljj/0f
kQf nufO{ cfly{s rqm;DaGwL ljZn]if0f ug]{ ljlwnfO{ r'lxg] ufu|L ljZn]if0f elgG5 .
@= k"j{ tof/L
– r'lxg] ufu|L k|lqmofsf] p2]Zo tof/ ug]{
– cfjZos ;fdfu|L tof/ ug]{
– p2]Zo / cf}lrTo ;lxt ;d'bfonfO{ k"a{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]
– cfjZos ;xeflutf / ;fdfu|Lsf] klg k"a{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]
#= r'lxg] ufu|L agfpg] tl/sf
;d'bfosf w]/} h;f] JolQmx?sf] cfDbflg / vr{ b]vfpgsf nflu ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 r'lxg]
ufu|L agfpg ;lsG5 . of] r'lxg] ufu|L ;d'bfo:t/df / JolQmut 3/sf] nflu 5'§f 5'§} agfpg' kb{5 . ;d'bfo:t/df r'lxg] ufu|L lgDgfg';f/ agfpg ;lsG5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 63
– pko'Qm 7fpFdf ;d'bfonfO{ e]nf ug]{
– kl/ro ug]{
– k'gM cf}lrTo / p2]Zosf] af/]df k|i6 kfg]{
– k|s[of / ck]lIft ;xeflutfsf] af/]df eGg]
– r'lxg] ufu|L agfpgsf nflu 7"nf] sfuh jf cfjZos 7fpFsf] Joa:yf ug]{
– lrqdf b]vfP h:t} ufu|Lsf] dflyaf6 cfDbflgsf lzif{sx? /fVg]
– ufu|Lsf] tNnf] efudf vr{sf lzif{ssf] ;+Vof cg';f/ ufu|Ldf Kjfn k/]sf] b]vfpg] /
k|To]s Kjfndf vr{sf lzif{sx? n]Vg]
$= r'lxg] ufu|Lsf] ljZn]if0f / of]hgf lgdf{0f
cfDbflg / vr{sf] r'lxg] ufu|L tof/ eP kl5 cfDbflg / vr{sf]af/]df 5'§f 5'§} sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f
ug'{ kb{5 . To; kl5 cfDbflg a9fpg / cgfjZos vr{ 36fO{ cfjZos ljifodf vr{ a9fpgsf nflu
sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 .
%= k|jfx lrq!= k|jfx lrqsf] cy{ M
s''g} sfd of ;+:sf/df s] kl5 s] ul/G5 eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg]
/ ljZn]if0f ug]{ ljlwnfO{ k|jfx lrq elgG5 . of] ljlw ;d'bfodf rln/x]sf] ;+:sf/sf] ljZn]if0f u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/dfh{g /
kl/jt{g ug{sf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 .
@= k|jfx lrq agfpg] tl/sf
— ;+:sf/ of sfddWo] s] sf] k|jfx lrq agfpg] xf], klxn] Tof] lg0f{o ug'{ kb{5 .
— ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 ul/g] sfd jf ;+:sf/nfO{ lzif{ssf]
?kdf 7"nf] cIf/n] n]Vg] .
— To; kl5 lrqdf b]vfPsf] h:t} sfuhdf s] kl5 s] ul/G5 eGg] s'/fx¿ qmdz n]Vb} /fVb} hfg' kb{5 .
— cGtdf sfd ug]{ tf}/ tl/sf jf ;+:sf/df 5nkmn u/L
cfjZostf jf ;d:ofsf] klxrfg u/L of]hgf agfO{ sfd ug{ ;lsG5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf64
64
^= a[If ljZn]if0f!= a[If ljZn]if0fsf] cy{
;d'bfosf] d'Vo ;d:of klxrfg ug'{sf] ;fy} To;sf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug]{ ljlwnfO{ a[If ljZn]if0f ljlw elgG5 . ;xeflud"ns tl/sfaf6 ;d'bfosf] d'Vo ;d:of klxrfg kl5 To;sf] sf/0f / c;/sfaf/]df 5nkmn ug{sf] nflu of] ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
@= a[If ljZn]if0f ljlw agfpg] tl/sf
!= ;a eGbf klxn] ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 klxrfg u/]sf] d'Vo ;d:ofnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L n]v]/ /fVg] .
@= d'Vo ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0fsf] cf}lrTosf]af/]df k|i6 kfg]{
#= a[Ifsf] dfWodaf6 d'Vo ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / c;/ ljZn]if0f ug]{ s'/f atfpg] .
$= lrqdf b]vfP h:t} h/f, d'Vo 8fF7 / xf+ufx? k|i6 x'g] a[If agfpg] .
%= a[Ifsf h/fx?df d'Vo ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / xfFufdf c;/x? n]Vg' kb{5 eGg] s'/f atfpg] .
^= ;fd'lxs?kdf d'Vo ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / c;/sf]af/]df 5nkmn u/L a[Ifsf] h/fdf sf/0f / xfFufdf c;/x? n]Vg] .
&= n]lvPsf sf/0f / c;/sfaf/]df k]m/L Psk6s ;a}n] ;'Gg] u/L k9]/ ;'gfpg] / To;df yk36 ug'{ k5{ eg] ug]{ .
#= a[If ljZn]if0faf6 cfjZostf klxrfg / of]hgf th'{df
;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 d"Vo ;d:ofsf] sf/0f / c;/nfO{ a[Ifdf b]vfO{;s]kl5 To;df 5nkmn u/L cfjZostf klxrfg ug'{sf] ;fy} of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu kxn ug'{ kb{5 .
&= ;+:yfut sfo{ lrq!= ;+:yfut sfo{ lrqsf] cy{
;d'bfo;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;+3;+:yfx? kQf nufO{ tL ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ug]{ sfo{x?sf]af/]df ljZn]if0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ljlwnfO{ ;+:yfut sfo{lrq elgG5 . o; ljlwaf6 s'g ;+:yf;+u s] slt >f]t;fwg 5g\ / To;sf] pkof]u s;/L ug]{ eGg]af/]df 5nkmnsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
@= ;+:yfut lrq agfpg] tl/sf
— ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;DalGwt 7fp+df e]nf ug]{
— e]nfsf] cf}lrTo / p2]Zosf] af/]df k|:6 kfg]{
— ;+:yfut sfo{ lrq agfpg] tl/sfsf] af/]df k|:6 kfg]{
— Pp6f uf]nfsf/ sfuhdf ;d'bfosf] gfd n]Vg] / ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L jLrdf /fVg]
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 65
— ;d'bfodf sfd ug]{ ;+:yfx¿sf] gfd klg uf]nfsf/ sfuhdf n]vL ;d'bfosf] jl/k/L /fVg]
— ;d'bfo / ;+:yfx¿nfO{ hf]8\gsf] nflu sfuh jf cGo a:t'x¿ k|of]u ug]{ jf n]Vg]
— k|Tos ;+:yfsf] sfo{x¿nfO{ uf]nfsf/ sfuh leq n]vL ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] d'gL /fVg] .
— ;+:yfsf] sfo{ d'gL csf]{ Pp6f uf]nfsf/ sfuhdf ;+:yfx¿sf] sfd ug]{ tl/sfx¿ n]Vg] . sfd ug]{ tl/sf eGgfn] ;.+:yfn] cfk}m sfo{qmd ;+rfng u5{ ls c?;Fu ldn]/ u5{ jf sfo{ ug{sf] nflu :yfgLo ;+:yfnfO{ g} lhDdf lbG5 .
— o;/L g} ;a} ;+:yfx¿sf] af/]df /fvL;s]kl5 5nkmn u/L ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;DaGw lj:tf/ u/L ;xof]u lng' kg]{ x'G5 . h:t} pbfx/0fsf nflu ;+:yfut sfo{ lrq tn lbO{Psf] 5 .
gf]6 M ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] qmddf o; ;+:yfut sfo{ lrqnfO{ of]hgfsf] >f]t Joj:yfkgdf sf] ;Fu s:tf] ;xof]u lng] eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
#= ;+:yfut sfo{ lrqsf] Ps gd"gf
;d'bfosf] of]hgf ;kmn agfpg ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] ;Defljt ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+:yfut sfo{ lrq
g/l;+x6f]n ;ldlt a'6jn – $
;+:yfut sfo{ lrq
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf66
66
*= hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f
!= hf]8fut :t/Ls/0fsf] cy{
;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L ;d:of, rfxgf, cfjZostf jf lasNkx¿nfO{ Psn]
csf]{;Fu bfFh]/ ul/g] k|fyldsLs/0fnfO{ hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f elgG5 .
@= hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f ug]{ tl/sf
@=!= k"a{ tof/L
– ;DalGwt ljlwsf] af/]df k"0f{ hfgsf/L lng]
– ljlw k|of]u ug]{ 7fpFsf] lgwf{/0f
– k|of]u ug]{ ljlwsf] cy{, dxTj, p2]Zo / k|lqmofaf/] clu|d hfgsf/L lbg]
– ck]lIft ;xeflutfsf] af/]df 5nkmn
– ljlw k|of]u ug]{ lbg, ;do / 7fpFsf] lgwf{/0f
– cfjZos ;fdfu|Lsf] tof/L
@=@= ljlwsf] k|of]u
– ;d'bfonfO{ e]nf ug]{
– k|of]u ug]{ ljlwsf] cy{, dxTj, p2]Zo / k|lqmofsf] af/]df k'gM hfgsf/L u/fpg]
– ljlw k|of]usf] nflu pko'Qm 7fpFsf] 5gf}6
– ;xefuLx¿nfO{ e]nf ug]{
– k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ ljifox¿sf] ;"rL agfpg]
– tn lbOP cg';f/ k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ ljifox¿nfO{ 6]ansf] 7f8f] / t];f]{df /fVg]
– Psn] csf]{;Fu bf+Hb}, h'gn] k|fyldstf kfpF5, Tof] /fVb} hfg]
– ljifo jf ;d:ofn] kfPsf] c+s cg';f/ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ;"rL tof/ ug]{
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 67
lbk]Gb| 6f]n, e/tk'/ –!@ sf ;d:ofx?sf] hf]8fut :t/Ls/0faf6 k|fyldsLs/0f
;d:ofx¿ af6f] gx'g'
9nsf] ;d:of
vfg]kfgLsf] cefj hgr]tgfsf] sdL
a]/f]huf/ kmf]x/
af6f] gx'g' af6f] gx'g'
af6f] gx'g' vfg]kfgLsf] cefj af6f] gx'g' a]/f]huf/ kmf]x/
9nsf] ;d:of × 9nsf] ;d:of
vfg]kfgLsf] cefj hgr]tgfsf] sdL
a]/f]huf/ kmf]x/
vfg]kfgLsf] cefj
× × vfg]kfgLsf] cefj vfg]kfgLsf] cefj
a]/f]huf/ vfg]kfgLsf] cefj
hgr]tgfsf] sdL
× × × hgr]tgfsf] sdL
a]/f]huf/ kmf]x/
a]/f]huf/ × × × × a]/f]huf/ a]/f]huf/
kmf]x/ × × × × × kmf]x/
k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ;d:ofx?
;d:of kfPsf] c+s
a]/f]huf/M ^ -klxnf] k|fyldstf_
vfg]kfgLsf] cefj % -bf]>f] k|fyldstf_
kmf]x/ $ -t]>f] k|fyldstf_
af6f] gx'g'] # -rf}yf] k|fyldstf_
hgr]tgfsf] sdL @ -kf+rf} k|fyldstf_
9nsf] ;d:of ! -5}7f}+ k|fyldstf_
gf]6 M slDtdf Ps c+s kfpg] tl/sfaf6 hf]8fut :t/Ls/0f ul/Psf]
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf68
68
kl/R5]b % M
:yfgLo lgsfosf] of]hgf th'{df;+u ;DalGwt
cfwf/e"t s'/fx?
:yfgLo lgsfosf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;d'bfosf JolQmx?sf] kx'Fr clea[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] o;
r/0fdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof;+u ;DalGwt cfwf/e"t s'/fx? dfq /flvPsf 5g\ . o;
kl/R5]bdf pNn]v ePsf w]/} h;f] ;fdu|Lx? :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfonaf6 k|sflzt ljleGg sfo{ ljlw
tyf lgb]{lzsfx?af6 lnOPsf x'g\ . o; kl/R5]bdf /flvPsf ljifox? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
!= gful/sx¿n] kfpg] clwsf/o'Qm ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx¿
@= gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf r/0fx?
#= cfof]hgfsf] dfu kmf/fd eg]{ tl/sf
$= nlIft ;d"xx¿nfO{ pkof]uL sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿
%= k'Flhut nufgLsf If]qut of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] ljj/0f
^= j8f gful/s d~r
&= gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 69
!= gful/sx¿n] kfpg] clwsf/o'Qm
;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx¿:yfgLo lgsfosf] sfg"gL / gLltut Joj:yf kfng cg'udg k|lzIf0f lgb]{lzsf @)&! sf] >f]t ;fdu|L
!$=! Df pNn]lvt gful/sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] clwsf/o"Qm ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx¿ Kffpg]5g\ .
s_ gful/ssf] clwsf/o'Qm ;]jf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] /fHosf x/]s lgsfodf
;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPs]f 5 . h; cg';f/ /fHosf x/]s tx / tKsfdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf]
;xefuLtfnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L, ;fdflhs ?kdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf blnt, hghflt, dw];L,
d'l:nd tyf cGo cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf gful/sx¿sf] Gofof]lrt ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ ;'lglZrtfu/]sf]
5 . To:t} ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxdf klg sltko ;]jf ;'ljwfnfO{ ;fdflhs ?kdf alx:s/0fdf
kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf] nflu clwsf/o'Qm;]jfsf] ?kdf kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} gful/snfO{ o:tf ;]jf
jf j:t' k|fKt ug]{ sfg'gL clwsf/ ;d]t ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . sfg'gn] tf]s]sf clwsf/o'Qm ;]jf ;'ljwf
tf]lsPsf] ;do leq gkfPdf ;]jfu|fxL gful/sn] ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfsf lhDd]jf/ clwsf/Lx¿;Fu u'gf;f]
ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . pQm u'gf;f] pk/ ;dod} lrQ a'em\bf] ;Djf]wg gePdf gful/sn] Ifltk'lt{
;d]t kfpg] clwsf/ sfg'gL ?kd} ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfo tyf ljifout sfof{noaf6 k|bfg
ul/g] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;xh, ;/n, kf/bzL{, hjfkmb]lx / u0f:t/Lo agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/n]
ljleGg P]g, lgod, lgb]{lzsf / sfo{ljlw tof/ ul/ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 . tyfkL nlIft ju{nfO{ o:tf
P]g sfg'gn] Joj:yf u/]sf ;]jf / a:t'sf] af/]df cfjZos / kof{Kt hfgsf/L gx'Fbf clwsf/o'Qm
;]jfdf plgx¿sf] kxF'r :yflkt x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . To;}n] o:tf P]g lgod tyf lgb]{lzsf / sfo{ljlwn]
;'lGflZrt u/]sf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif, /f]huf/L;FUf ;DjlGwt clwsf/o'Qm ;]jf / ;'ljwfsf]
af/]df nlIft ju{df æ;dfg a'emfO{Æ sf] ljsf; x'g' cfjZos 5 .
v_ :yfgLo lgsfo -lhlj;,gkf / uflj;_ af6 k|bfg ul/g] clwsf/o'Qm ;]jf
!= ;fdflhs ;'/Iff M
!=!= Ho]i7 gful/s -^) jif{ k'/f ePsf ;a} blnt ;d'bfosf gful/s tyf s0ff{nL c+rnsf
;a} gful/s, / &) jif{ k'/f ePsf b]ze/sf ;a} gful/sn] k|lt dlxgf ?= %)) sf b/n]
Ho]i7 gful/s j[QL kfpg] Joj:yf 5 .
!=@= ljjfx gu/L j;]sf jf ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf dlxnf, Psn dlxnfn] k|lt dlxgf ?= %)) sf
b/n] Psn dlxnf j[QL kfpg] Joj:Yff 5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf70
70
!=#= ljwjf ;a} dlxnfn] k|lt dlxgf ?= %)) sf b/n] ljwjf dfl;s j[QL kfpg] Joj:yf 5 .
!=$= åGå lkl8t kl/jf/n] k|lt dlxgf ?= %)) sf b/n] åGå lkl8t eQf kfpg] Joj:yf 5 .
!=%= k"0f{ czQm, tyf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmn] k|lt dlxgf ?= !)))sf b/n] c;Qm eQf kfpg]
Joj:yf 5 .
!=^= cf+lzs ckfËtf ePsf JolQmn] k|lt dlxgf ?= #)) sf b/n] c;Qm j[QL kfpg] Joj:yf 5 .
!=&= nf]kf]Gd'v cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnf tyf k'?ifn] k|ltdlxgf ?= !)))sf b/n] eQf kfpg]
Joj:yf 5 .
@= afn ;+/If0f cg'bfg
;a} ljkGg blnt kl/jf/ / s0ff{nL c~rndf ;a} kl/jf/sf % jif{ d'lgsf @ hgf;Dd afnaflnsf
sf] kf]if0fdf vr{ ug]{ u/L cfdf jf cfdf gePdf ;+/IfsnfO{ k|lt afnaflnsf dfl;s ?= @)).– sf
b/n] afnaflnsf ;+/If0f cg'bfg lbO{g] Joj:yf 5 .of] ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf $–$ dlxgfdf j8f–j8fdf
/ uflj;df pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf 5 . h;sf nflu gful/sn] cfkm\gf ljj/0f cBfjlws ug{
lgj]bg lbg] jf uflj;÷gkfdf df hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
#= :yfgLo lgsfodf nlIft ju{ sfo{qmd M
#=!= dlxnf nlIft sfo{qmd
dlxnfx¿sf] ;zlQms/0f, /f]huf/Ld"ns / cfod"ns sfo{df k|ToIf kmfO{bf k'Ug] sfo{qmd . o:tf]
sfo{qmddf s'n k'FhLut ah]6sf] sDtLdf !)Ü bz k|ltzt /sd ljlgof]hg ug]{ To;} cg';f/sf]
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
#=@= afnaflnsf nlIft sfo{qmd
ljkGg ju{sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k|ToIf kmfO{bf k'Ug] sfo{qmddf :yfgLo lgsfosf] s'n k'FhLut
ah]6sf] sDtLdf bz -!)_ k|ltzt /sd ljlgof]hg u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
#=#= lk5l8Psf] ju{ nlIft sfo{qmd
ljkGg tyf cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs ¿kdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{ h:t} blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt,
Ho]i7 gful/s, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, dw];L, d'lZnd, lk5l8Psf ;d'bfo tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L nlIft ;d"x egL tf]lsPsf ju{ Pj+ ;d'bfon] k|ToIf kmfObf kfpg]
sfo{qmddf s'n k'FhLut ah]6sf] sDtLdf !% -kGw|_ k|ltzt /sd ljlgof]hg ul/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] sfo{s|d ufpF kl/ifb jf lhNnf kl/ifbaf6 lg0f{o eP adf]lhd tf]lsPsf]
cfof]hgfdf uflj; jf lhlj;jf6 ;+rfng x'G5 . To;sfnflu gful/sn] cfjZostf klxrfg
u/L dfu kmf/fd÷lgj]bg k]z ug]{, of]hgf th'{df tyf 5gf}6df ;xefuL x'g], cfd e]nf cfo]fhgf
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 71
u/L pkef]Qmf ;ldlt ÷;d"x jf ;+:yf u7g ug]{, of]hgf Joj:yfkg tflnddf ;xefuL x'g] / 97
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog, cg'udg, d"Nofª\sg sfo{df ;lqmo ;xefuL eO{ cfkm\gf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{
kg]{ x'G5 .
u_ gful/s bfloTj M
gful/sn] of] ;]jf kfpg cg'udg, pkof]u tyf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xefuLeP/ cfkm\gf] e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug{ ;Sb5g . o;}u/L of] ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{ j8f tyf uflj;jfgu/kflnsfsf] l;kmfl/;, kl/ro kq,
gful/stfsf] k|df0f kqjf kl/ro v'Ng] k|df0f kq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;Dks{df /x]/ cyjf
Ufflj; lhlj;n] ug]{ e]nfx¿df ;xefuLtfhgfP/ klg cfkm\gf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;lsG5 . of] ;'ljwf
k|fKt ug{ s'g} ;d:of cfO{ k/]df lhlj;sf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L, gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t,
uflj;sf ;lrj jf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;dIf u'gf;f] ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
gful/ssf] ;"rgfsf] xs
:yfgLo lgsfosf] sfg"gL / gLltut Joj:yf kfng cg'udg k|lzIf0f lgb]{lzsf @)&! sf] >f]t ;fdu|L
!$=! Df pNn]lvt gful/sn] kfpg] clwsf/o"Qm ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx¿sf] #=#= r cg';f/ ;"rgfsf] xs
b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g tyf lgodfjnL -;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)^$ tyf ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL
lgodfjnL, @)^%_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 . P]g tyf lgodfjnL adf]lhd
;fj{hlgs lgsfox¿n] cfkm"n] k|jfx ug]{ ;]jf;'ljwfx¿sf] ;"rgf :yfgLo PkmPd, kDkn]6 tyf cGo ;/n
dfWodaf6 hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 . cfd gful/sn] klg ;f] sfof{non] k|jfx ug]{ ;]jf;'ljwfaf/]
df hfgsf/L lng ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o; cGtu{tM
— :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jfx¿sf]af/] hfgsf/L lng kfpg] . pQm ;]jf k|jfxsf] lhDd]af/L
s] sf/0fn] :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;'lDkPsf] xf] yfxf kfpg] .
— ;]jf ;'ljwf slxn] / sxfFaf6 k|fKt x'G5 yfxf kfpg] .
— ;]jf;'ljwf lng cfjZos k|lqmof / ljlwaf/] hfgsf/L lng] .
— tf]lsPsf] ;]jfx¿sf] k|flKtdf nfUg] /sd slt xf] yfxf kfpg] .
— Tff]lsPsf] ;]jf slt ;doleq k|fKt x'G5 :ki6 x'g kfpg] .
— ;]jf;'ljwf k|flKtdf gful/sn] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ bfloTj s] xf] :ki6 x'g kfpg] .
— ;]jf;'ljwf tf]lsPsf] ;do tyf k|lqmofadf]lhd gePdf To;sf] pkrf/ s] 5 < :ki6 x'g kfpg]
— Kf|bfg ul/Psf ;]jfsf] kf/blz{tf ;DjGwdf yfxf kfpg] .
— Tff]lsPsf] sfd tf]lsPsf] ;dod} ;DkGg lsg ePg egL cfkmgf] clwsf/sf] cEof; ug{ kfpg] .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf72
72
@= gu/kflnsf of]hgf th'{dfsf r/0fx¿
r/0f sfo{ ljj/0f ;dofjlw
r/0f ! ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0fcfly{s aif{ k|f/De ePkl5
sflt{s d;fGt leq
r/0f @ ah]6 l;lnË / dfu{bz{g ljZn]if0f / >f]t ;fwgsf]
k"jf{g'dfg d+l;/ dlxgf leq
r/0f # j8f:t/Lo k"j{ of]hgf uf]i7L, cGt/lqmof / 5nkmn kf}if dlxgfsf] bf]>f] xKtf leq
r/0f $ 6f]n txdf of]hgf k|:tfj kmf/fd eg]{ kf}ifsf] bf]>f] xKtf leq
r/0f % j8f:t/Lo of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L kf}ifsf] bf]>f] xKtf leq
r/0f ^ ljifout ;ldltsf] u7g, sfo{If]q / sfo{ljlw kf}ifsf] t]>f] xKtf leq
r/0f & PsLs[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt—;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt kf}ifsf] t]>f] xKtf leq
r/0f * gu/kflnsf a}7s —gu/ ljsf; of]hgf kf}ifsf] t]>f] xKtfdf leq
r/0f ( gu/kl/ifb\\af6 kfl/t gu/ ljsf; of]hgf kf}if d;fGt leqdf
r/0f !) lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf of]hgf ljj/0f k7fpg] df3 d;fGt leq
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 73
r/0f != ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f
k|To]s gu/kflnsfn] gu/sf] a:t'ut ljj/0fsf] cfwf/e"t ;"rgfx¿ cWofjlws ug{sf] nflu k|To]s aif{
gofF cfly{s aif{ k|f/De ePkl5 sflt{s d;fGt;Dd -rf/ dlxgf leq_ ;"rgf ;+sng, k|zf]wg, laZn]if0f
u/L gu/sf] a:t'ut tYof+s ljj/0f cWofjlws ug'{ kg]{5 . lgwf{l/t ;"rssf] cfwf/df ;"rgf ljZn]if0f
ug'{ cufj} To:tf ;+slnt ;"rgfx¿ k|zf]wg u/L lhlj;nfO{ efb| d;fGtleq k7fO;Sg' kg]{5 .
r/0f @= ah]6 l;lnË / dfu{bz{g ljZn]if0f / >f]t ;fwgsf] k"jf{g'dfg
o; r/0fsf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]sf] g} gu/sf j8fx¿n] cfufld jif{sf] nflu of]hgfx¿ s], lsg / s;/L
agfpg] eGg];DaGwL dfu{ bz{g k|bfg ug'{sf] ;fy} j8fx¿n] kfpg] ah]6 l;ln+usf]af/]df kf}ifsf] klxnf] xKtf
leq hfgsf/L u/fpg' xf] . o;sf] nflu gu/kflnsfn] gu/kflnsf If]q leq lqmoflzn ;+3;+:yf tyf
lgsfox¿sf] ;xefultfdf gu/:t/Lo k"j{ of]hgf uf]li7sf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5 .
o; gu/:t/Lo k"j{ of]hgf uf]li7df 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/Lx¿, jgfdsf k|ltlglw, gf;s]sf
k|ltlglw, dlxnf, blnt, cflbaf;L, hghflt, dw]zL nufot lk58fju{sf ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿sf]
klg ;xeful x'G5 . To;}n] 6f]n jf ;d'bfon] cfufld jif{sf] nflu of]hgf agfpg uf]li7df
;xeful ePsf JolQmx¿af6 ;xof]u lng' kb{5 . gu/:t/Lo k"j{ of]hgf uf]li7sf ;xefuLx¿;+u cfufld
jif{sf] nflu of]hgfx/ s], lsg, s;/L / slxn] agfpg] eGg]af/]df 5nkmn ug'{sf] ;fy} j8fsf] nflu ah]6
l;lnusf] klg hfgsf/L lng' kb{5 . gu/:t/Lo k"j{ of]hgf th'{df uf]li7df j8f:t/Lo k"j{ of]hgf uf]i7L,
cGt/lqmof / 5nkmn, 6f]n txdf of]hgf k|:tfj kmf/fd eg]{ / j8f:t/Lo of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L ;+rfng
ug]{ ;do tyf :yfg klg lgwf{/0f ug]{ ePsf]n] cfkm\gf] j8f tyf 6f]ndf of]hgf th'[{df uf]li7 slxn] /
sxf+ x'G5 eGg] s'/f klg hfgsf/L lng' kb{5 . ;fy} o;/L cfkm\gf] j8f / 6f]ndf x'g] of]hgf th'{df
uf]li7sf nflu cfkm\gf] 6f]nn] tL uf]li7 x'g' eGbf klxn] g} k"j{ tof/Lsf nflu 5nkmn ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
r/0f #= j8f:t/Lo k"j{ of]hgf uf]i7L, cGt/lqmof / 5nkmn
o; r/0fsf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]sf] j8fleqsf ;DalGwt JolQm tyf lgsfox¿nfO{ of]hgf th'{dfsf cfwf/
e"t s'/f tyf gu/kflnsfaf6 ;f] ;DaGwdf k|fKt dfu{bz{g af/] hfgsf/L u/fpg' xf] . o;sf] nflu
kf}if dlxgfsf] bf]>f] xKtf ;Dd gu/kflnsfn] j8f:t/df kfos kg]{ :yfgdf cfk\mgf] j8f leqsf j8f
gful/s d~r, 6f]n tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, ljleGg pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf ;d"x, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf
j8fjf;Lx¿;+u k"j{of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u5{g\ .
k"j{ of]hgf th'{df uf]li7df ljz]if u/L ut jif{sf] of]hgfx¿sf] ;ldIff ug'{sf] ;fy} cfufld aif{sf] nflu
of]hgf s] lsg, s;/L / slxn] ug]{ eGg]af/]df 5nkmn x'g'sf] ;fy} of]hgf th'{dfsf] nflu gu/kflnsf
af6 k|fKt dfu{ bz{g / ah]6 l;ln+uaf/]df klg 5nkmn x'G5 . To;}n] of] j8f:t/Lo k"j{ of]hgf uf]li7,
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf74
74
cGt/lqmof tyf 5nkmndf cfkm\gf] 6f]nsf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ k"j{ tof/Lsf ;fy efu lng k7fpg' k5{ .
h;n] ubf{ kl5 cfkm\gf] 6f]ndf cfufld jif{sf] nflu of]hgf th'{df ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
r/0f $= 6f]n txdf of]hgf k|:tfj kmf/fd eg]{
o; r/0fsf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]sf] ;xlhs/0f 6f]lnsf] ;xof]udf 6f]n tyf ;d'bfosf cfjZostfx¿nfO{
of]hgf k|:tfj kmf/ddf e/L j8fdf hDdf ug'{ xf] . lgaf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿ gePsf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt
j8f ;ldltn] j8f gful/s d+r dfk{mt oL sfo{x¿ ug]{ 5g\ .
;d'bfo jf 6f]nsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu of] k|d'v r/0f xf] . o;df ;xlhs/0f 6f]nLn] ljleGg al:t
tyf 6f]nx¿df 5nkmn u/L ;xeflud"ns tl/sfaf6 cfjZostf klxrfg ug'{sf] ;fy} cfjZostfx¿
k"/f ug{ ljleGg of]hgfx¿ agfp+5g\ . o;/L 6f]n of al:t:t/af6 ag]sf of]hgfx¿nfO{ of]hgf k|:tfj
kmf/ddf e/L kf}ifsf] bf]>f] xKtf leq j8fdf hDdf ug'{ kb{5 . To;}n] al:t jf 6f]nsf JolQmx¿n] cfkm\gf]
cfjZostfx¿sf]af/]df klxn] g} 5nkmn u/L ;xlhs/0f 6f]ln cfpg' eGbf klxn] g} of]hgfx¿ agfO{ of]
hgf k|:tfj kmf/d el/ /fVg kfof] eg] al9 eGbf al9 of]hgfx¿ ;DalGwt 7fp+df k7fpg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
r/0f %= j8f:t/Lo of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L
o; r/0fsf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]sf] 6f]n tyf al:t:t/af6 cfPsf of]hgfx¿nfO{ ljifout If]q cg';f/
5'6\ofO{ of]hgfx¿sf] lgod cg';f/ k|fyldsls/0f u/L gu/kflnsfdf kf}ifsf] bf]>f] xKtf leq k]z ug'{
xf] . o;sf] nflu j8f e]nf / ;dGjo a}7s u/L b'O{ j6f sfdx¿ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
r/0f %= j8f:t/Lo of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L
!= j8f e]nf
6f]ntxaf6 of]hgfx¿sf] kmf/fd ;+sng ePkZrft j8f ;ldltn] ;xlhs/0f 6f]nL / j8f gful/s
d~rsf] ;xof]udf kf}ifsf] bf]>f] xKtf leq tf]lsPsf] ldlt / :yfgdf j8f e]nf u/fO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug'{kb{5 . j8f ;efdf ;+slnt dfux¿nfO{ k|:t't u/L To;sf] j8faf;Laf6 k|fyldsLs/0f u/L gu/
kflnsfdf k]z ug'{ kb{5 . j8f ;ldlt lqmoflzn gePsf] cj:yfdf of] sfo{sf] cu'jfO{ j8f gful/s
d+rn] g} ug'{ kb{5 .
@= gu/kflnsf, ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf bft[;+:yf;+u ;dGjo a}7s ug'{ xf] . s'g} klg If]qdf ul/g]
nufgLdf bf]xf]/f]kg x6fpg', nufgL ug]{ ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿aLr cfk;df kl/k"/s
;dGjo sfod u/L gu/sf] ljsf; ug'{ a}7ssf] d'Vo p2]Zo x'g]5 . To;}n] gu/df lqmoflzn ;/sf/L,
u}/;/sf/L tyf bft[ ;+:yf;+u ;dGjo a}7ssf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 75
r/0f ^= ljifout ;ldltsf] u7g, sfo{If]q / sfo{ljlw
o; r/0fdf ljifout ;ldltsf] Joj:yf ug'{sf] ;fy} o; ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q / sfo{ljlwsfaf/]df pNn]v
u/]sf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L j8f e]nfaf6 cfPsf of]hgfx¿nfO{ ljifout?kdf ljZn]if0f, To;sf] ;DefJotf,
cfof]hgfnfO{ nfUg] nfut cflbsf] cfwf/df 5fgljg u/L cfkm\gf] ;'emfj ;lxt kf}ifsf] t]>f] xKtf leq
k'gM gu/kflnsfdf k7fpg' kg]{ x'G5 .
r/0f &= PsLs[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt—;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt
o; r/0fdf Plss[t of]hgf th'{df ;dltsf] Joj:yf ug'{sf] ;fy} o; ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q / sfo{lklwsfaf/]
df pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
ah]6 l;lnª, cfGtl/s cfo ;|f]tsf] Ifdtf Pj+ j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
k|:t't x'g cfPsf ;Dk"0f{ of]hgf sfo{qmdx¿ ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] g;lsg] af/] ljZn]if0f Pj+ d"Nof°g
u/L ;f] sf] cfwf/df PsLs[t of]hgf sfo{qmd tof/ ul/G5 . cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/dfh{g, yk36
/ k|fyldsLs/0f u/L cfof]hgfx¿sf] clGtd ;"rL tof/ u/L kf}ifsf] t]>f] xKtf leq k'gM gu/kflnsfdf
k7fp+5 .
r/0f *= gu/kflnsf a}7s —gu/ ljsf; of]hgf
PsLs[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldltsf] k/fdz{ adf]lhd gu/kflnsfn]] cfk\mgf] ;fwg ;|f]t, k|fljlws Ifdtf tyf
;DefJotf cfwf/df ;~rfng ul/g] of]hgfx¿, lhlj;, ljifout lgsfo tyf s]Gb| ;/sf/df k]z ug'{
kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ gu/ ljsf; of]hgfx¿sf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L gu/kl/ifb\\df k]z ug'{kg]{5 . of] sfo{ kf}ifsf] t]>f]
xKtfdf ;DkGg eO{;Sg' kg]{5 .
r/0f (= gu/kl/ifb\\af6 kfl/t gu/ ljsf; of]hgf
o; r/0fdf gu/kflnsfsf] a}7saf6 k]z x'g cfPsf] cfof]hgfdf kf}if dlxgfdf x'g] gu/ kl/ifb\\n] 5nkmn
u/L kf}if d;fGt leqdf cfof]hgfx¿sf] :jLs[lt ;lxt sfof{Gjogsf nflu :ki6 lgb]{zg lbg]5 .
r/0f !)= lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf of]hgf ljj/0f k7fpg]
gu/ ljsf; of]hgf tof/ ePkl5 lgod !#^ adf]lhd df3 d;fGt leq lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k7f-
pg' kb{5 . ;f] sf] hfgsf/L lhNnf:t/Lo ljifout lgsfox¿ tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnonfO{ ;d]t
lbg'kb{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf76
76
#= of]hgfsf] k|:tfj kmf/d eg]{ tl/sfgu/kflnsfsf] aflif{s of]hgf th'{df sfo{ljlw @)^* cg';f/ r/0f $ df 6f]n6f]ndf of]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d
eg]{ sfd /flvPsf]5 . h'g kmf/d 6f]nafl;x¿n] ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 of]hgf 5gf}6 u/L kf}ifsf]
bf]>f] xKtf eGbf cufl8 eg'{ kg]{ x'G5 . gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf] sfo{ ljlwcg';f/ of] kmf/d eg{
;s]sf] v08df gu/kl/ifbaf6 of]hgf 5gf}6 x'g] al9 ;Defjgf x'G5 . To;}n] oxfF kmf/d ebf{ ug'{ kg]{
/ Wofg lbg' kg]{ d'Vo d'Vo s'/fx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf]5 .
!= of]hgf 5gf}6
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmof cg';f/ of] kmf/d eg]{ a]nf;Dddf w]/}j6f of]hgfx¿ alg;s]
sf] x'G5 . o;/L ag]sf of]hgfx¿ ;a} gu/kflnsf k7fpgnfO{ kmf/ddf eg]{ xf]O{g . o;df
gu/kflnsf of]hgf th'{dfsf] sfo{ljlw cg';f/ 5gf}6 x'g;Sg] vfnsf of]hgfx¿ dfq /fVg'
kb{5 . of]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
!=!= gu/kflnsfsf] cfjlws of]hgf;+u ldNg] of]hgfsf] 5gf]6
;fdfGo tyf ;a} gu/kflnsfn] # of % jif{sf] nflu cfjlws of]hgf agfPsf] x'G5 . o;df
gu/kflnsfn] lglZrt ;do leq xfl;n ug}{ kg]{ pknlAwsf cfwf/df ;Defljt of]hgfx¿ pNn]v
u/]sf x'G5g\ . To;}n] ;a} of]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d eg'{ eGbf klxn] ug/kflnsfsf] cfjlws
of]hgf x]g'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;d'bfon] agfPsf of]hgfx¿ dWo] gul/kflnsfsf] cfjlws of]hgf leq kg]{
of]hgfx¿ dfq klxn] 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L 5gf}6 ePsf of]hgfx¿nfO{ kl5 k|:tfj kmf/ddf
eg{ 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 .
!=@= k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df of]hgf 5gf}6
gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{df sfo{ljlwdf s:tf] vfnsf] of]hgfn] k|fyldstf kfp+5 eGg] s'/f
klg pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] k|:tfj kmf/d eg{sf nflu of]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{, s:tf] of]hgfn]
k|fyldstf kfp+5 eGg] s'/f klg yfxf kfpg' kb{5 . gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{df sfo{ljlw cg';f/
k|fyldstf kg]]{ of]hgfx¿ dfq 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 .
gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th{'df sfo{ljlwcg';f/ of]hgfx¿sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ubf{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/
df lgDgfg';f/ c+s lbO{g]5 .
!=@=!= tTsfn kmfObf M tTsfn kmfObf k'Ug] –!), la:tf/} kmfObf k'Ug] –%
!=@=@= /f]huf/L k|aw{s M cfof]hgf ;+rfng / ;DkGg eP kl5 klg /f]huf/ ;[hgf x'g] –!), ;+rfngsf]
a]nfdf dfq ;[hgf x'g] –% / la:tf/} ;[hgf x'g ;Sg] –!
!=@=#= cfod"ns M cfocfh{gdf k|ToIf / w]/} of]ubfg ug]{ –!), cfocfh{gdf ck|ToIf of]ubfg ug]{ –% /
cfocfh{gdf s'g} of]ubfg gug]{ –!
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 77
!=@=$= hg;xefultf M ^) k|ltzt eGbf dfly of]ubfg ug]{ –!), s]xL of]ubfg ug]{ –% / s'g} of]ubfg
gug]{ –!
!=@=% :yfgLo ;Lk, ;fwg / Ifdtfsf] k|of]u M :yfgLo ;Lk, ;fwg / Ifdtfsf] cToflws k|of]u x'g] –!),
:yfgLo ;Lk, ;fwg / Ifdtfsf] cToflws sd k|of]u x'g] –% / :yfgLo ;Lk, ;fwg / Ifdtfsf]
k|of]u gx'g] –!
!=@=^= jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g Pj+ hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;Daf]wg M w]/} / tTsfn ;3fpg] –!), yf]/}
;3fpg] –% / ;3fpg k'Ug] –!
!=@=&= cflbjf;L, hghftL, dw]zL, d'l:nd, lk5l8Psf ju{, dlxnf, h]i7 gful/s, cGwf, ckf+u tyf
jfnjflnsfnfO{ k|ToIf nfe k'Ug] kmfObf M k|ToIf nfe k'Ug] –!), cflz+s nfe k'Ug] –% / s'g}
nfe gk'Ug] –!
gu/kflnsfdf k]z ul/g] x/]s of]hgfnfO{ dfly pNn]lvt tl/sfaf6 c+s lbO{ of]hgf 5gf}6 ul/g]
ePsf]n] of]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d eg'{ eGbf klxn] ;s];Dd a9L c+s k|fKt ug]{ of]hgfx¿ 5gf}6 ug'{
kb{5 .
dfly pNn]lvt k|fyldstfsf cfwf/x¿ cg';f/ al9 eGbf al9 c+s kfpg ;lsg] vfnsf of]hgfx¿
dfq k|:tfj kmf/d eg{sf nflu 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 . k|:tfj kmf/d eg'{ eGbf klxn] dfly lbOPsf
k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df c+s lbP/ x]g'{ kb{5 . o;sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/sf] kmf/ddf of]hgfx¿ /fvL
x]g{ ;lsG5 .
k|fyldsLs/0f kmf/fd
qm=;
6f]n /
j8f g+
k|fyldstfsf cfwf/x¿ hDdf k|fKtf+s -%)_
k|fylds
tfqmd
tTs
fn k
mfObf -pTk
fbg
/ l5
6f]
k|ltkmn_
/f]huf/L k|a
4{s
cfo
d"ns
hg;
xeflu
tf
:yfg
Lo z
Lk ;
fwg
/ Ifdtfs
f] k|o
f]u
Jfftfj/0
fLo ;
+/If0f tyf ;+j4
{g Pj
+ hnjfo'
kl/j
t{g
;Da
f]wg
cflb
jf;L,
hgh
ftL,
dw]z
L, d'l:nd, lk5l8
Psf ju
{ dlxnf h]i7
gfu
l/s c
Gwf,
ckf+u
tyf jfnjfln
sfn
fO{ k
|ToIf n
fe
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf78
78
@= cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d eg]{ tl/sf
gu/kflnsfsf] cfjlws of]hgfdf kg]{ / gu/kflnssf] of]hgf th'{df sfo{ljlw cg';f/ k|fyldstfdf kg{]
of]hgfx¿ 5gf}6 ul/;]s kl5 dfq of]hgf kmf/d eg'{ kb{5 . ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf k|lqmof cg';f/
ag]sf of]hgfx¿sf ;a} s'/f of] kmf/ddf /fVg' kb}{g . o;df gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgf th'{df sfo{ljlw
cg';f/ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] kmf/d cg';f/ e/] k'U5 . gu/kflnsf of]hgf th'{df sfoljlw cg';f/ l;kmfl/;
ul/Psf] kmf/ddf /fVg' kg]{ s'/fx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
!= qm=;+
cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/ddf ;aeGbf klxn] qm=;= df of]hgfsf] ;+Vofcg';f/ qmd ;+Vof n]Vb} hfg' kb{5 .
@= ljifout If]q
cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/dsf] bf]>f] sf]7fdf cfof]hgf k|:tfj h'g ljifout If]q cGtu{t kb{5, Tof] ljifout
If]q ;DalGwt sf]7fdf n]Vg' kb{5 . of]hgf sfo{ljlwcg';f/ ljifout If]q / tL If]q leq kg]{ ljifox¿
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
@=!= k"jf{wf/ tyf ;+/rgf ljsf; ;ldltM
;8s, k'n tyf oftfoft, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO, laB't, a}lsNks phf{, ;+rf/, k|ljlw,
ejg h:tf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{qmdsf If]qx¿
@=@= s[lif, jg tyf jftfj/0f ;ldltM
s[lif, jfujfgL tyf l;+rfO{, kz'kfng, j[Iff/f]k0f, h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, e";+/If0f,
kmf]x/d}nf Aoj:yfkg, k|b'if0f lgoGq0f / k|fs[lts k|sf]k Aoj:yfkg, hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf
jftfj/0fLo hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f cflb sfo{qmdsf If]qx¿
@=#= hg;+Vof tyf ;fdflhs ;ldlt
lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;+:s[lt / ;Dkbf, dgf]/+hg, v]ns'b, dfgjLo Ifdtf ljsf; tyf tflnd,
n}+lus ;d ljsf;, plTkl8t ju{, jfnjflnsf tyf ckfË, åGå lkl8t, HIV/AIDS ,
AolQmut 36gf btf{, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, /IffTds ;]jf, cfkQsfnLg ;]jf h:tf If]qx¿
@=$= ;+u7g tyf k|zf;g ;ldltM
;'zf;g, gful/s ;dfhsf] ;jnLs/0f, ;zQmLs/0f, ;dGjo / ;+hfn ljsf;, ;+u7gfTds
ljsf;, bIftf clea[l4, k|fljlws Ifdtf, cg'udg / ;'kl/a]If0f, cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog
Ifdtf clea[l4, gLlt tyf of]hgf th'{df,:yfgLo >f]t ;fwg / ljQLo Ifdtf ljsf;
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 79
@=%= hn>f]t tyf e"ld ;ldlt
vf]nfgfnf, kf]v/L, tnfp, cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng÷kl/rfng, ljB't pTkfbg÷ljt/0f, cfjf;
tyf hUuf ljsf; -cf}Bf]lus, cfjf;Lo, s[lif, dgf]/~hg:yn, v'nf d}bfg, cflb_ .
#= k|:tfljt of]hgfsf] gfd
cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/dsf] t]>f] sf]7fdf k|:tfljt of]hgfsf] gfd n]Vg' kb{5 . cfof]hgfsf] gfd 5f]6f] /
k|i6 x'g' kb{5 .
$= cfof]hgfsf] l:ylt -gofF, qmdfut jf dd{t ;Def/_
cfof]hgf k|:tfjsf] rf}yf] sf]7fdf cfof]hgfsf] l:ylt n]Vg' kb{5 . cfof]hgfsf] l:ylt cg';f/
cfof]hgf nfO{ tLg efudf alu{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . h;df ! df gof+ cfof]hgf . gof+ cfof]hgf eGgfn]
clxn];Dd z'? g} gePsf] gof+ cfof]hgf eGg] a'lemG5 . To:t} @ df qmdfut cfof]hgf . qmdfut
cfof]hgf eGgfn] klxn] g} z'? e};s]sf] cfof]hgf t/ ljleGg sf/0fn] k"/f ge};s]sf cfof]hgf a'lemG5 .
o:t} klxn] g} z'? eP/ klg k"/f gePsf cfof]hgfx¿klg kb{5 . o:tf] klxn] z'? eP/ klg k"/f gePsf
cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{sf] nflu cfof]hgf agfpg' x'G5 eg] To:tf] cfof]hgf qmdfut cfof]hgf leq
kb{5 . cfof]hgfsf] l:ylt cg';f/ # df dd{t ;Def/ cfof]hgf kb{5 . o; cGtu{t klxn] g} ;+rfng
x'+b} cfPsf] jf ljleGg sf/0fn] ;+rfng ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ s]xL dd{t u/L k'gM
;+rfng ug{sf nflu agfPsf] cfof]hgf o; dd{t tyf ;+ef/ leq kb{5 . dfly pNn]lvt tLg lsl;dsf
cfof]hgfx¿ dWo] h'g cfof]hgf agfpsf] xf] Tof cfof]hgfsf] l;lYtsf] sf]7fdf eg'{ kb{5 .
%= cfof]hgfsf] cg'dflgt cjlw
cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/dsf] kfrf}+ sf]7fdf cfof]hgf z'? ldlt / cg'dflgt ;DkGg x'g] ldlt n]lVg'
kb{5 . of] ldlt n]Vbf cfpbf] cfly{s jif{dfug]{ ul/ ldlt /fVg' kb{5 . h:t} of] cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷@)&@
5 eg] cj agfpg] cfof]hgf cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷@)&# df ;+rfng ug]{ u/L ldlt /fVg' kb{5 .
^= dfu ul/Psf] hDdf /sd -sG6Lh]G;L ;lxt_
cfof]hgfsf] 5}7f] sf]7fdf cfof]hgf k"/f ug{ nfUg] /sd /fVg' kb{5 . cfof]hgfsf] vr{ ljj/0f n]Vg
eg'{ eGbf klxn] cfof]hgfnfO{ nfUg] ;Dk'0f{ vr{sf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L vr{sf] ljj/0f tof/
ubf{ ;d'bfosf] tk{maf6 ug{ ;Sg] / /fVg ;Sg] a:t'nfO{ klg /sddf kl/0ft u/L /fVg' kb{5 . o;/L
cfof]hgfnfO{ nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ cfO{;s]kl5 Tof] /sd sxf+af6 slt Joj:yf ug]]{ xf] ;f] s'/f klxn] lg0f{o
ug'{ kb{5 . To; kl5 kmf/ddf lbPsf] sf]7fdf ;d'bfosf] tk{maf6 Joxf]l/g] /sd, gu/kflnsfaf6 dfu
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf80
80
ul/Psf] /ds / cGo >f]taf6 Joj:yf ug]{ /sd /fVg' kb{5 . To; kl5 dfq cfof]hgfnfO{ nfUg] hDdf
/sd n]Vg' kb{5 . o;df Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/f s] x'G5 eg] cfof]hgfnfO{ /sddWo] ;d'bfosf] tk{{maf6
hlt al9 k|ltzt Joxf]l/g ;Sof] Tolt /fd|f] x'G5 . To:t] cGo >f]taf6 klg ;s];Dd a9L Joxf]l/g] u/L
/sdsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 . o;df cfof]hgfsf] nfutdf gu/kflnsfaf6 sd egbf sd dfq dfu u/]sf]
v08df cfof]hgf l:js[t x'g] a9L ;Defjgf x'G5 . cGo >f]taf6 klg cfjzos /sd h'6fpg] xf] eg]
Tof] /sd pknAw u/fpg] JolQm jf ;+3;:yfsf] gfd kmf/dsf] s}lkmotdf n]Vg' kb{5 .
&= nfeflGjt 3/w'/L
cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/dsf] ;ftf}+ sf]7fdf nfeflGjt 3/w'/L ;+Vof n]Vg' kb{5 . o;sf] nflu klxn] g}
hfthflt cg';f/ 3/w'/L / dlxnf k'?if, afnaflnsf, a[4a[4f cflbsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt ;d'bfosf]
hg;+Vof lnO{;s]sf] x'g' kb{5 . To; kl5 dfq blnt, cflbaf;L, hghftL, dw];L, d'l:nd, lk58f au{
tyf cGo ;d]t u/L hDdf nfeflGjt 3/w'/L n]Vg' kb{5 . oxfF lk58f au{ jf ljkGg ju{ eGgfn] cfly{s
;fdflhs ?kdf k5f8L k/]sf ju{ jf ;d'bfonfO{ hgfpF5 . o; kl/efiff leq s'g} klg hfthflt jf ju{
jf ;d'bfo kg{ ;Sb5 . ;fy} s'n hg;+Vofdf Go'g cg'kftdf /x]sf / :yfgLo lgsfodf s'g} lsl;dsf]
kx'Fr gePsf] jf gk'u]sf] tyf ;fdflhs Pj+ cfly{s ?kdf ;LdfGts[t ju{ jf ;d'bfosf] ?kdf :yflkt
/x]sf] ju{, hflt / ;d'bfonfO{ hgfp+b5 . cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{ ;s];Dd ;d'bfodf ;aeGbf kl5
k/]sf hfthftLnfO{ nfe x'g] lsl;dsf cfof]hgfx¿ 5gf}6 ug{ ;s]df gu/kflnsfaf6 cfof]hgf l:js[t
x'g] a9L ;Defagf x'G5 .
*= n+}lus nfeflGjt
n}+lus nfeflGjt ;+Vof eGgfn] To; cfof]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt x'g] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;+Vof hgfp+5 . To;}
n] cfof]hgf k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ qmddf To; cfof]hgaf6 n}+lus lx;fjn] nfelng] dlxnf slt 5g\ /
k'?if slt 5g\ eGg] s'/f klxn] g] yfxf kfpg' kb{5 . To; kl5 dfq ;DalGwt cfof]hgfaf6 nfe lng]
dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;+Vof n]Vg' kb{5 . o;df cfof]hgfn] al9eGbf al9 dlxnfnfO[ kmfO{bf k'Ug] cfof]hgf
eof] eg] cfof]hgf l:js[t x'g] a9L ;Defjgf x'G5 .
(= s}lkmot
cfof]hgf k|:tfj eg]{ qmddf ! b]lv * ;Ddsf sf]7fdf ePsf s'/fx¿ afx]s 5'§} s'/f n]Vg' k¥of] eg] of]
s}lkmotdf n]Vg' kb{5 . s}lkmotdf s]xL s'/f eg'[{ 5 eg] Tof] s'g lzif{s;+u ;DalGwt xf] ;f] s'/f klg
v'nfP/ n]Vg ;s]df /fd|f] x'G5 .
cfof]hgf;DaGwL dfly pNn]lvt s'/fx¿ tof/ eP kl5 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cfof]hgf k|:tfj kmf/d eg'{ kb{5
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 81
$= nlIft ;d"xx¿nfO{ pkof]uL
sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx¿
-!=_ dlxnfnfO{ k|ToIf kmfObf k'Ug] cfof]hgfx¿sf] nflu Go"gtd – !) Ü
-s_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; M
:jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ M k|;'tLu[x lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;'wf/, k|;'tL Pj+ :jf:Yo hfFrsf
nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;fdfu|L,
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ M Ogf/ lgdf{0f tyf dd{t, 6\o"j]n h8fg, wf/f lgdf{0f tyf dd{t
;'wf/ 6\of°L lgdf{0f, cfsfz]kfgL ;+sng, vfg]kfgL >f]t ;+/If0f, zf}rfno lgdf{0f, dd{t
/ ;Def/,
ljkGg ju{sf dlxnfx¿sf] sfo{af]´ 36fpg] vfnsf cfof]hgf h:t}M j}sNkLs phf{,
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] ;f}o{phf{, uf]a/UofF;, kfgL 3§, vfB k|zf]wg cflb cfof]hgfx¿,
lx+;f lkl8t dlxnfx¿sf] nflu c:yfoL cfjf; u[x lgdf{0f / dd{t ;'wf/,
ckfËtf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] nflu ;xof]u k'Ug] ;fdfu|L tyf cfof]hgfx¿,
:yfgLo txdf ;fdflhs k"Flh clea[l4 ug]{ tyf tflnd ;~rfng ug{ ;fd'bflos ejg tyf
dlxnf ;xsf/L ejg lgdf{0f ug{ ;dk'/s sf]if cflb sfo{qmd .
-v_ ;fdflhs÷Ifdtf ljsf; M
k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;DjGwL sfo{qmd, kf7]3/ ;DjGwL ;d:of /f]syfd tyf hgr]tgf hufpg]
sfo{qmd, 5fpk8L k|yf lj?4 hgr]tgf hufpg] sfo{qmd, Pr=cfO{=eL÷P8;\ ;DjGwL
hgr]tgf hufpg] cflb sfo{qmd,
dlxnfx¿sf] nflu nf]s ;]jf tof/L sIff ;~rfng, a}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
hfgsf/Ld"ns lzIff / ;Lk ljsf;,
:yfgLo lgsfo Pj+ ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 ;+rfng ug]{ ljsf;sf]
sfo{sf] ;do ;Ldf, sfo{ k4lt -of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjo, cg'udg_, dlxnf;DaGwL laleGg
gLltut k|fjwfgx¿ af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] sfo{qmd,
dlxnf g]t[Tj ljsf;, ;zlQms/0f - ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts, cfly{s_ sfo{qmd / clwsf/df
cfwfl/t ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff ;DjGwL sfo{qmd,
dlxnf ;fIf/tf;DaGwL sfo{qmd, lszf]/Lx¿sf] nflu hLjg pkof]uL ;Lk,
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf82
82
n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f / lje]bo'Qm k|rng, dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f
pGd'ng ;DjGwL sfo{qmd, dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL, gLlt, sfg'g cfbLaf/] r]tgf
clej[l4 sfo{qmd,
dlxnf ;~hfn, ;d'bflos ;+:yf / ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] dlxnfx¿sf] g]t[Tj ljsf; /
ljsf;df kx"Fr j[l4 ug]{ 1fg / ;Lksf] ljsf;, ;"rgf / ;~rf/df dlxnfx¿sf] ;xefultf
/ kx'Fr j[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd, ljkGg ju{sf dlxnfx¿sf] nflu Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd cflb.
dlxnf ;xsf/Lx¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf] nflu ;xof]u . h:t}M k|:tfjgf n]vg ;DjGwL
tflnd, g]t[Tj ljsf; cflb,
dlxnfsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;fd'bflos :jo+;]ljsfx¿nfO{ Ifdtf clej[l4, k|f]T;fxg k'/:sf/,
u/La dlxnf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿nfO{ gu/kflnsf= cg'bfg;DaGwL cg'lzIf0f tflnd .
-u_ cfly{s÷;Lk ljsf;
-c_ s[lifdf cfwfl/t M s[lif, vfB tyf kmnkm"n k|zf]wg, s[lif hGo n3'pBf]ux¿sf] ;~rfng tyf
Joj:yfkg, h}ljs s[lif Joj;fo, sDkf]i6 dn, uf]7 ;'wf/, Joj;flos t/sf/L Pj+ kmnkm"n v]tL ljsf;,
df6f] ;'wf/, ljp ljhg, pGgt k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/, xf6 xl6ofsf] Joj:yfkg, k|j{4g sfo{qmd, dlxnfx¿sf]
cfo j[l4 ug{ k|ToIf ;3fp k'Ug] vfnsf tflnd tyf ;Lkx¿ / cGo s[lif, kz'ljsf;, dT:o ljsf;,
kf]v/L lgdf{0f tyf ;xsf/L ;DjGwL lqmofsnfkx¿ .
-cf_ u}/ s[lifdf cfwfl/t M 3/]n' tyf n3'pBd pBf]ux¿sf] ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg , k/Dk/fut ;LknfO{
kl/dfh{g ub}{ ahf/ d}qL ?kdf cfw'lgs/0f ug]{, u/Lj dlxnfx¿sf] cfo j[l4 ug{ k|ToIf ;3fp k'Ug]
vfnsf tflnd tyf ;Lkx¿ cflb . u/Lj dlxnf ;fd"bflos ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;fgf ltgf cfocfh{g ug{
sf]ifsf] ;xof]u .
-3_ ;+:yfut ljsf;
:jf:y rf}sL Pj+ pk:jf:y rf}sLx¿sf] ;+:yfut ;'wf/sf sfo{qmd,
n}+lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f sfof{Gjog ;ldlt, dlxnf ;~hfn,
n}lËs lgu/fgL ;d'x, sfg"gL pkrf/ tyf ;xfotf ;ldlt, dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf,
;fd'bflos ;+:yf÷dlxnf ;d'xx¿sf ;+:yfut ;'wf/sf sfo{qmd,
u/La dlxnfx¿sf] ;fd'bflos ;+:yf u7g tyf lj:tf/df ;xof]u .
-@_ afnaflnsfnfO{ k|ToIf kmfO{bf k'Ug] cfof]hgfx¿sf] nflu Go"gtd –!) Ü
-s_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; M
k|fylds lzIff, z}lIfs ;fdfu|L, ljBfno dd{t ;'wf/, kmlg{r/, k':tsfno lgdf{0f tyf dd{t
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 83
;'wf/,zf}rfno lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;'wf/, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cflb sfo{qmd,
lx+;f lkl8t aflnsfsf nflu cfsl:ds ;+/If0f ynf], cf}ifwL pkrf/ ;xof]u .
-v_ ;fdflhs÷Ifdtf ljsf; M
afn clwsf/sf] cfwf/df ljleGg afnd}qL ;"rsx¿sf] ljsf; u/L afnd}qL of]hgf th'{df
/ sfof{Gjog ug]{,
afnaflnsfx¿sf] cj:yf ´Nsg] ljleGg If]qsf] ;"rgfx¿sf] ;+sng / pkof]lutfdf hf]8
lbg] sfo{qmd,
:yfgLo lgsfosf] of]hgf th'{df sfo{qmdx¿df afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;xefultf j[l4 /
afnaflnsfx¿sf] ljsf;sf] nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg sfo{qmddf hf]8 lbg] sfo{qmd,
afn d}qL lzIf0f l;sfO{ -lzIfs÷lzlIfsf tflnd, lzIf0f ;fdfu|Lx¿, aftfj/0f ;'wf/ cflb
sfo{qmd_,
afnSna / afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;d'xx¿sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; / Joj:yfkg -g]t[Tj ljsf;,
Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd_,
lszf]/L lszf]/x¿df dfg;Ls / zfl//Ls :jf:Yodf cfpg] kl/jt{g / o; ;DjGwL
Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL 1fg / r]tgf clej[l4,
lszf]/L ljsf; sfo{qmd / lszf]/Lx¿sf] g]t[Tj ljsf; ug]{ vfnsf sfo{qmd,
afn ljjfx lj?4 cleofg sfo{qmd,
lszf]/L lzIff cleofg sfo{qmd / a}slNks ljBfno :yfkgf,
hLjg pkof]uL ;Lkx¿;DaGwL 1fgsf] clej[l4,
k|fylds :jf:y ;]jf, Pr=cfO{=eL÷P8;, Kf|hgg :jf:y;DaGwL sfo{qmd,
hGdbtf{ cleofg sfo{qmddf ;xof]u,
ljleGg vf]k cleofgx¿ sfo{qmdx¿df ;xof]u,
kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;xof]u,
hf]lvddf k/]sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;xof]u sfo{qmd cflb,
;"rgf / ;+rf/df kx'Fr / pkof]lutf,
cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/, h]x]Gbf/ / c;Qm ckfËtf ePsf 5fq, 5fqfx¿sf] nflu 5fqj[lt
sfo{qmd
cfly{s / ;fdflhs cj:yfn] :s'n k7g kf7g ug{ g;Sg] / lardf :s"n 5f]8g] 5fq,
5fqfx¿sf] nflu z}lIfs ljsf;sf] ljz]if sfo{qmd,
czQm, ckfËtf ePsf 5fqfx¿sf] nflu z}lIfs / afn :jf:y ;DjGwL ljsf;sf] nflu
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf84
84
ljz]if sfo{qmd,
afnaflnsfx¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf; / ;zlQms/0f ;DjGwL sfo{qmd,
afn :jf:y ;DjGwL sfo{qmd ;~Rffng,
:jf:y rf}sL, pk :jf:y rf}sLx¿df afnaflnsfx¿sf] :jf:y ;]jfsf nflu cfjZos
;fdfu|Lx¿,
cleefjsx¿nfO{ afn aflnsfx¿sf] x]/rfx ;DjGwL 1fgsf] clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd,
afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;DjGwL sfo{qmd tyf cflb sfo{qmd,
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, ;xefultfd"ns cg'udg ljlwx¿sf] ljsf; .
h:t} M ;fd'bflos ;"rgf kf6L cflb .
afnaflnsfx¿sf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ :jo+;]ljsfx¿ h:t} M ;fd'bflos kl/rflnsfx¿sf] Ifdtf
clej[l4, ;+hfn lgdf{0f, lgoldt a}7s ;+rfngdf ;xof]u sfo{qmd,
afnaflnsfx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] sfo{qmddf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] u|fdL0f ;xhstf{x¿sf]
kl/rfng, Ifdtf clej[l4,
afnaflnsfx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] sfo{qmddf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;xhstf{, ;fd'bflos
kl/rflnsfx¿sf] nflu Joj:yfkg ;xof]u, pTk|]/0ffd"ns k'/:sf/,
:yfgLo lgsfodf afnaflnsf, dlxnfx¿sf] ljsf;sf] of]hgf th'{df, ;ldIff ug{ ;dGjo
;ldlt j}7sdf ;xof]u, /
afnaflnsfx¿sf] cj:yf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;e]{If0f, afnaflnsfx¿sf] k|f]kmfO{n tof/L .
-u_ ;+:yfut ljsf;
ljBfno, :yf:Yo rf}sL, afnSna, afn;~hfn ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug]{ cflb
sfo{qmd,
afnaflnsfx¿sf] If]qdf ul/Psf cg's/0fLo ;kmn sfdsf] clen]vg,
lszf]/L÷o"jf Sna u7g, la:tf/ .
-#_ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf kl5 k/]sf ljkGg ju{x¿n] Kf|ToIf kmfO{bf kfpg] cfof]hgfx¿sf] -blnt, cflbaf;L÷hghflt, h]i7 gful/s, ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿, dw];L, d'l:nd, lk58f ju{ / cGo lk58LPsf ju{sf ;d]t_ nflu Go"gtd – !%Ü
-v08 -#_ sf] nlIft ;d"xnfO{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ubf{ gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf ug'{kg]{5 ._
-s_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; M
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ M Ogf/ lgdf{0f tyf dd{t, 6\o"j]n h8fg, wf/f lgdf{0f tyf dd{t
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 85
;'wf/ 6\of°L lgdf{0f, cfsfz]kfgL ;+sng, vfg]kfgL >f]t ;+/If0f, zf}rfno lgdf{0f, dd{t
/ ;Def/,
a}sNkLs phf{, ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] , ;f}o{phf{, uf]a/Uof;, kfgL 3§, vfB k|zf]wg cflb
cfof]hgfx¿,
:yfgLo txdf ;fdflhs k"FhL clea[l4 ug]{ tyf tflnd ;+rfng ug{ ;fd'bflos ejg,
;f+:s[lts÷k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf P]ltxfF;Ls k"jf{wf/ ;+/If0f tyf dd{t ;'wf/,
nlIft ;d'xx¿sf] cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t ;fgf ltgf pTkfbgd"ns cfof]hgfx¿ cflb
sfo{qmd .
-v_ ;fdflhs÷Ifdtf ljsf; M
ljleGg k5fl8 k/]sf] tyf kfl/Psf ljkGg ju{x¿sf] kfZj{lrq tof/L tyf ljkGg ju{sf]
gS;f°g tof/L,
:YffgLo lgsfo Pj+ ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 ;+rfng ug]{ ljsf;sf]
sfo{sf] ;do ;Ldf, sfo{ k4lt, al~rtdf k/]sf] ;d'bfo / hgtfsf nflu ljBdfg
gLltut k|fjwfgx¿;DaGwL hgr]tgf hufpg] sfo{qmd,
;"rgf / ;+rf/df kx'Fr, a}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu cfjZos hfgsf/L / ;Lksf] ljsf;,
nf]s ;]jf tof/L sIff ;~rfng,
clwsf/df cfwfl/t ljsf; cjwf/0ff, lje]bo'Qm k|rng, dfgj clwsf/, gLlt, sfg'g
cfbLaf/] r]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmd,
ljkGg k5fl8 k/]sf] ju{x¿sf] ;d'x / ;~hfnx¿sf] ;'b[l9s/0f / ;+:yfut ljsf;
sfo{qmd, g]t[Tj ljsf; sfo{qmd / ;zlQms/0f ;DjGwL sfo{qmd,
h]i7 gfu/Ls, ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] nfuL ;fdflhs ;'/Iff , Ifdtf ljsf; ;DjGWfL
sfo{qmd,
;dfhsf ;a} efiff, wd{ hftLx¿ k|lt ;befj hufpg pGd'v u/fpg] sfo{qmd /
hgr]tgfd"ns cflb sfo{qmdx¿ .
-u_ cfly{s÷;Lk ljsf;
-c_ s[lifdf cfwfl/t M s[lif, vfB tyf kmnkm"n k|zf]wg, s[lif hGo n3'pBf]ux¿sf] ;+rfng tyf
Joj:yfkg, h}ljs s[lif Joj;fo, sDkf]i6 dn, uf]7 ;'wf/, Joj;flos t/sf/L Pj+ kmnkm'n v]tL
ljsf;, df6f] ;'wf/, ljp ljhg, pGgt k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/, nlIft ;d'xx¿sf] cfo j[l4 ug{ k|ToIf
;3fp k'Ug] vfnsf tflndx¿ / cGo s[lif, kz'ljsf;, dT:o ljsf;, kf]v/L lgdf{0f tyf ;xsf/L ;DjGwL
lqmofsnfkx¿ .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf86
86
-cf_ u}/ s[lifdf cfwfl/t M 3/]n' tyf n3'pBd pBf]ux¿sf] ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg, k/Dk/fut ;LknfO{
kl/dfh{g ub}{ ahf/ d}qL ?kdf cfw'lgs/0f ug]{, nlIft ;d'xsf] cfo j[l4 ug{ k|ToIf ;3fp k'Ug]
vfnsf tflnd tyf ;Lkx¿ cflb sfo{qmd .
-3_ ;+:yfut ljsf;
;fd'bflos ;+:yf, o; ju{sf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ;DjGwL cflb sfo{qmdx¿ .
$= k'Flhut nufgLsf If]qut of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] ljj/0f
-s_ cfly{s ljsf;sf If]q M
-!_ s[lifdf cfwfl/t M s[lif, vfB tyf kmnkm"n k|zf]wg, h}ljs s[lif Joj;fo, sfDkf]i6 dn, uf]7 ;'wf/, Joj;flos t/sf/L Pj+ kmnkm'n v]tL ljsf;, ljp ljhg, pGgt k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/, e"ld;'wf/, xl/t u[x lgdf{0f, 8]/L pBd, xf6 ahf/ lgdf{0f / d]nf k|bz{g, zLt e08f/, awzfnf / cGo s[lif, kz'ljsf;, dT:o ljsf; tyf ;xsf/L ;DjGwL lqmofsnfkx¿ .
-@_ u}/ s[lifdf cfwfl/t M 3/]n' tyf n3'pBd / s[lif hGo pBf]ux¿sf] ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg,
k/Dk/fut ;LknfO{ kl/dfh{g ub}{ ahf/ d}qL ?kdf cfw'lgs/0f ug]{, h:t} M ;'wfl/sf] cf/g,
5fnf k|zf]wg cflb .
-#_ ;]jf If]q M u|fld0f ko{6g k|j{wg, kj{tf/f]x0f, ¥ofkm\6Lª, 6«]lsª, jftfj/0fLo k|j4{g / cGo k|fs[lts
b[iofjnf]sg cflb.
-v_ ;fdflhs ljsf;sf If]q M
-!_ lzIff If]q M k|fylds÷lgDg dfWolds÷dfWolds÷pRr dfWoflds ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f tyf dd{t
;'wf/, afn ljsf; s]Gb|,z}lIfs ;fdfu|L, lj1fg k|of]uzfnf / lzIff dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t dfkb08
leq /xL lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kftdf egf{ ePsf lzIfssf] lzIfs ;xof]u cg'bfg /sd cflb .
-@_ :jf:Yo If]q M :jf:Yo rf}sL ejg lgdf{0f tyf dd{t, cfo'{j]b :jf:Yo;DaGwL, k|;"tLu[x lgdf{0f
tyf dd{t, ;'wf/u[x lgdf{0f / ;fdfu|L ;xof]u, :jf:Yo;DaGwL k|of]uzfnf lgdf{0f, :yf:Yo
rf}sL÷s]Gb|÷c:ktfnsf] :t/ cg';f/ dfkb08 jdf]lhd :jf:Yo;DaGwL cf}ifwL tyf pks/0fx¿
h:t} X-Ray Machine, lab machine vl/b h8fg, :jf:Yo;DaGwL /fli6«o cleofg sfo{qmd
h:t}, le6fldg P, vf]k, cflb, 3'lDt :jf:Yo lzlj/, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfx¿;DaGwL,
Pr=cfO{=eL= P8\; / :jf:Yo dGqfnosf] :jLs[t dfkb08leq /xL :jf:YosdL{sf] kfl/>lds
;xof]u cg'bfg cflb .
-#_ ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ M :yfgLo txdf ;fdflhs k"FhL clea[l4 ug{ ;fd'bflos ejg lgdf{0f,
;fd'bflos tflnd s]Gb|, a[4f>d, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ckfË÷nfu'cf}ifw b'Jo{;gL k'g:yf{kgf
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 87
s]Gb|, kf6L kf}jf lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/, s[lif tyf u}/s[lif a:t'x¿, ;Lkd'ns Joj;foaf6
pTkfbg ePsf a:t'sf] ;+sng / laqmL s]Gb| cflb .
dfly h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP klg u|fld0f tyf zx/L oftfoft k"jf{wf/ If]qdf nufgL ubf{ lhNnf
oftfoft u'? of]hgf (DTMP) sf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf / k|rlnt sfg'g jdf]lhd ;DefJotf cWoog ePsf
cfof]hgfdf dfq nufgL ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;8s cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f, dd{t ;Def/ / :tf/f]GgtLsf] sfo{
ubf{ lgoldt ;8s ;~rfng ePsf] :yfgaf6 k|fljlws Pj+ jftfj/0fLo b[li6n] ;DefJo / pko'Qm ePsf]
k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df dfq jh]6 ljlgof]hg / vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;8s ;DjlGw k|fljlws k|ltj]bg tof/
ubf{ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# / lgodfjnL @)%$, :yfgLo lgsfo
jftj/0fLo ;'wf/ / ;dflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff dfkg ljlwsf k|fjwfgx¿sf] cg's'n x'g] u/L dfq
tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ hn;|f]t ljsf;, / ljB'lts/0f M
-!_ l;+rfO{ M ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t s'nf], afw, k}gL, gx/ lgdf{0f tyf dd{t, cfsfz] kfgL ;+sng,
Nkfli6s kf]v/L, l8k tyf :k|Lsn/, :ofnf] 6o"jj]n, /f]c/kDk cflb,
-@_ ljB'tLs/0f M ;xsf/Ldf cfwfl/t u|fld0f ljB'tLs/0f - ljB't nfO{g lj:tf/ / 6«fG;km/d/
vl/b tyf h8fg_
-#_ vfg]kfgL M wf/f, O{gf/, 6o"jj]n, cfsfz]kfgL ;+sng, vfg]kfgL >f]t ;+/If0f, dd{t / ;Def/ .
-$_ ;/;kmfO{ M v'nf lbzfd'Qm sfo{qmd, ;fd'bflos / ;fj{hlgs ;f}rfno lgdf{0f, 9n lgsf;,
;/;kmfO{;DaGwL r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd .
-3_ jg, jftfj/0f / gljs/0fLo phf{,
-!_ jg M ;fd'bflos jg ljsf;, ;fj{hlgs hUuf ;+/If0f / j[Iff/f]k0f, u}x| sfi7 ag k}bfaf/sf]
ljsf; / pkof]u, sa'lnotL jg, aGo hGt'sf] cf/If0f / lrl8ofvfgf cflb,
-@_ aftfj/0f M e"Ifo tyf gbL lgoGq0f, :oflg6/L Nof08lkmn ;fO6 lgdf{0f, hUuf k'g{:yfkg,
hnafo' kl/jt{g, k|fs[lts tfn tn}of / l;d;f/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f, kmf]x/d}nf Joj:Yffkg,
Nof08lkmN8 ;fO8 cflb,
-#_ gljs/0fLo phf{ M ! d]3fjf6 eGbf sd Ifdtfsf n3' hnljB't, k]N6«Ls ;]6, kfgL 3§, ;f}o
phf{, afo' phf{, jfof]Uof; / u|fld0f phf{ gLltn] ;d]6]sf If]q, ;'wf/LPsf] r'nf], ;f}o{
tfkLo r'nf] cflb,
-ª_ ;f+:s[lts÷k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf P]ltxfF;Ls k"jf{wf/ ;+/If0f / pTvgg -k'/fTfTj ljefusf] ;xdltdf_
-r_ u|fdL0f oftfoft k"jf{wf/ If]q M lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgfsf] k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df nufgL ug]{ u/L, u|fld0f tyf s[lif ;8s, emf]n'Ë] k'n, sNe{6, df]6/]an k'n, /f]kj], t'O{g cflb .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf88
88
-5_ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg : e"Ifo, af9L klx/f], clta[li6, cgfa[li6, v8]/L, ;'Vvf, e"sDk, dxfdf/L /f]u lgoGq0f cflb h:tf sfo{x¿ .
-h_ cGo ;fem]bf/Ldf ug]{ ;lsg] sfo{qmdx¿ .
%= j8f gful/s d~r
;fdflhs kl/rfng sfo{qmdnfO{ ;j} ufpF j:tLx?df sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Dk"0f{ ufpF ljsf;;ldltsf ;j}
j8fx? / ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf gu/kflnsfsf j8fx?df sDtLdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf
;lDdlnt j8f gful/s d~r u7g x'g]5 . j8f gful/s d~r u7g ubf{ j8f leqsf cGo s'g} ;d"x jf ;+:yfdf cfj4 x'g gkfPsf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ?kdf kl5 k/]sf ju{ dlxnfx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf
;fy ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
s_ j8f gful/s d~rsf ;b:ox? M
j8f gful/s d~r b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;QfO; hgf ;b:ox? ;lxt u7g x'g]5M
!= ;fdflhs cfly{s ?kn] k5fl8 k/]sf, ;j} hfthflt ;d'bfosf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L
slDtdf # hgf dlxnf ;lxt ^ hgf
@= ;fd'bflos ;+:yf -;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, cfdf ;d"x, C0f tyf jrt ;d"x, :yfgLo Snj,
pkef]Qmf tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx? dWo]jf6_ $ hgf
#= ufpF s[lif tyf jftfj/0f ;ldltsf ;b:o ! hgf
$= j8f leqsf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf k|ltlglw ! hgf
%= j8f leqsf :jf:Yo ;ldltsf k|ltlglw ! hgf
^= j8f leqsf jfnSnjx?n] cfkm"dWo]jf6 5gf]6 u/]sf jfn k|ltlglwx? !
-! Affns, ! aflnsf_ @ hgf
&= ljkGgtf :t/Ls/0f cg';f/ clt ljkGgsf] ;"lrdf k/]sf @ dlxnf
/ @ k'?if u/L $ hgf
*= j8f leqsf hflgkmsf/ JolQmx? dWo]jf6 j8f e]nfn] 5fg]sf] JolQm! hgf
(= ckfËtf ePsf gful/sx? dWo]jf6 lghx?n] 5fg]sf k|ltlglw ! hgf
!)= h]i7 gful/sx? dWo] lghx?n] 5fg]sf k|ltlglw
-! dlxnf / ! k'?if_ u/L @ hgf
!!= j8f leqsf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf ! hgf
!@= ;DjlGwt gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] ;+of]hs ! hgf
!#= gu/ j8f leq 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf tyf 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt ljBdfg /x]sf] ePlghx?n] cfkm" dWo]
jf6 5fg]sf k|ltlglw ! dlxnf / ! k'?if u/L @ hgf
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 89
s= Affnjflnsfsf] k|ltlglwsf] xsdf s'g} afnaflnsf !* jif{ gf3]df afnSnj ;+hfn:t/df 5nkmn
eO{ gofF;b:osf] lgldQ l;kmfl/; eO{ cg'df]bg ul/g] k|s[of :jtM nfu' x'g]5 .
v= j8f gful/s d~rsf s"n kbflwsf/Lx? dWo] sDtLdf ## k|ltzt ;b:o clgjfo{ ?kdf dlxnf
x'g'kg]{5 .
u= ;b:ox? dWo]af6 Ps hgf ;+of]hs 5fGg' kg]{5 / ;+of]hs x/]s jif{ kl/jt{g x'g]5 . Ps k6s
;+of]hs k'?if ePdf csf]{ k6s dlxnf ;+of]hs x'g]5 .
3= k|To]s jif{ j8f gful/s d~rsf Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw ;lsg] 5 / ltgsf] :yfgdf
;DalGwt If]qaf6 gofF ;b:o cfpg]5g\ . of] sfo{ljlw nfu" ePkl5 klxnf] k6ssf] nflu kbfjlw
;lsg] ;b:ox? lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;DalGwt ;fdflhs kl/rfnsn] uf]nf k|yfåf/f lglZrt ug]{5 .
ª= j8f gful/s d~rsf] sfd, st{Jo / lhDd]jf/L
v= j8f gful/s d~rsf] sfd, st{Jo / lhDd]jf/LM
!= :yfgLo lgjf{rg kZrft j8f gful/s d~rn] cfkmgf] j8f leq ;~rfng ePsf ljsf; lgdf{0f
;DjGwL sfdx?sf] gful/s lgu/fgLstf{sf] ?kdf sfd ug'{sf ;fy} ;fdflhs k/LIf0f,
;fj{hlgs k/LIf0f, ;+o'Qm cg'udg h:tf sfdx?df lqmofzLn /xg .
@= j8f txdf ;~rflnt ;fj{hlgs k/LIf0f tyf ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfO{ h:tf gful/s tyf ;fdflhs
pQ/bfoLd"ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ / o:tf sfo{qmdx?df gful/s ;xeflutf j9fpg
;xof]u ug]{ . gful/sx?jf6 k|fKt u'gf;f] tyf ;'emfjnfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L
;Daf]wg u/fpg kxn ug]{] .
#= ljkGg Pjd\ al~rltdf k/]sf 3/kl/jf/sf -ljkGg, blnt, hghflt, dw];L, d'l:nd,
lk5l8Psf ju{, ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?, dlxnf, jfnjflnsf nufot_ cfjZostf,
k|fyldstf, cfjfh, ljrf/ Pjd\ ;jfnx?nfO{ j8f gful/s d~rdf :ki6;Fu JoQm ug]{
jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ .
$= of]hgf th'{df k|ls|ofsf] k|To]s r/0fdf :yfgLo:t/df /x]sf ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L] lgsfosf]
;|f]t pkof]u / pkef]udf kx'+r / ;xeflutf hgfpg] cj;/ h'6fpg] .
%= ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfojf6 cfkm\gf] If]qdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfsf] cfjZos
cg'udg Pj+ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .
^= j8fdf ljBdfg ;fdflhs lj;+ult, cGwljZjf; -5fpk8L k|yf, jfn ljjfx, jx' ljjfx,
jf]S;L÷8fog, bfOhf]÷bx]h k|yf, 5'jf5't, hftLo e]befj, lg/If/tf, dlxnf lj?4 lx+;f,
jfnjflnsf lj?4 lx+;f, jfn>d cflb_ x6fpg] .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf90
90
&= v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm ufFp÷j:tL÷j8f cleofgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] / k"0f{ ;/;kmfO
cleofgdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
*= :yfgLo 6f]n, j:tLaf6 k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgf÷kl/of]hgfsf s[ofsnfk, kl/of]hgf
k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{, j8f ;ldlt ;dIf k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df sfo{s|d ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf
nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ .
(= j8f leqsf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg, hnjfo" kl/jt{gs]f c;/sf] klxrfg u/L hnjfo"
cg's"ng Joj:yfkg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ . j8f leq jftfj/0fLo :jR5tf ;DjGwL sfdx? ug{]
u/fpg] / jftfj/0fLo d}qL j8f÷j:tL jgfpg] .
!)= jh]6 l;ln+u leq /xL k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg of]hgfx? PsLs[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ . k|fKt jh]6 l;ln+ujf6 ;DkGg x'g g;Sg] of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx? klg ufpF kl/ifb\ dfkm{t cGo lgsfox?df k]z ug]{ sfddf cu|;/tf lng] .
!!= of]hgf :jLs[t eP kZrft ;dfj]zLsf cfwf/df pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7gdf ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .
!@= j8f, 6f]n / j:tLdf :yfgLo ;/f]sf/sf Pjd\ /fli6«o k|fyldstfdf k/]sf ljifonfO{ cleofgsf ?kdf ;+rfng ug{] tyf ;fdflhs ;b\efj j[l4 ug{] sfddf cu|;/ /xg] .
!#= ;DkGg ePsf] of]hgf÷kl/of]hgfn] gful/sx?sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf kf/]sf] k|efjsf] ;xeflutfd"ns d"NofÍg ug{ ljkGg tyf al~rltdf k/]sf 3/kl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
!$= gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ . gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|n] to u/]sf sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ .
!%= jl:t tyf j8f txsf gful/s ;/f]sf/sf ;jfnx? :yfgLo lgsfo tyf cGo ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfx?;Fu 5nkmn / ;dGjo u/L ;dfwfgsf pkfox?sf] vf]hL ug]{ .
!^= jl:t, j8f, 6f]nsf ;fdflhs–cfly{s d'2fx?df lgoldt j}7s u/L 5nkmn ug]{ / ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ufpF ;fdflhs kl/rfng ;dGjo ;ldlt;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug]{.
!&= :yfgLo j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fNffO{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{, dlxnf, jfnjflnsf / ljkGg ;d"xsf cfjZostf tyf k|fyldstfx? klxrfg ug]{ .
!*= jfne]nfjf6 dfu eO{ ;+sng ul/Psf of]hgfx?jf/] ;dLIff, 5nkmn tyf k|fyldsLs/0f
u/L sfo{ of]hgf ;lxt PsLs[t of]hgf ;ldltdf k7fpg] .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 91
!(= cfkm\gf] j8f leqsf ljBfnox?sf] cg'udg ug]{, ljBfno egf{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{,
ljBfno 5f8\g] b/ sd ug{ ;xof]u ug]{, ljBfnodf k'jf{wf/ j[l4 ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
@)= :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k|;'lt ;]jf lng k|f]T;fxg ug]{ / j8f leqsf ;a} afnaflnsfx?nfO
vf]k nufpg] sfo{qmdx?df ;3fpg] tyf .
@!= n}lËs pQ/bfoL of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
@@= ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf kfpg] gful/sx?sf] gfdfjnL cBfjlws ug{ tyf eQf ljt/0fsf nflu ufpF
ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ .
@#= JolQmut 36gf -hGd, d[To', ljjfx, a;fO{ ;/fO{, ;DaGw ljR5]b cflb_ btf{ ug{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] .
@$= Joj;flos s[lif / kz' kfngnfO{ k|j4g ug]{ tyf cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf sfo{qmdx?
;~rfng ug]{ / .
@%= jfn d}qL tyf jftfj/0f d}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf ;"rsx? sfof{Gjog ug{ j8fjf;L tyf
j8fnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
u_ j8f gful/s d~rsf] j}7s M
j8f gful/s d~rsf] j}7s sDtLdf b'O{ dlxgfdf Psk6s jf cfjZostf cg';f/ h'g;'s}j]nf klg j:g
;Sg]5 . d~rsf] j}7sdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L Pjd\ u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj jf gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf j8f ;lrjnfO{ a}7sdf cfdGq0f
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
3_ j8f gful/s d~rsf] kbfjlw M
-!_ j8f gful/s d~rsf] kbfjlw rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-@_ j8f gful/s d~rn] lgjf{x ug]{ e"ldsfk|lt ;j}n] lhDd]jf/L lng] / :jfldTjefj x'gsf nflu
k|To]s jif{ d~rsf Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:ox? gofF cfpg] / k'/fgf x6\b} hfg]5g\ .
-#_ klxnf] k6s, bf]>f] / t]>f] k6s x6\g] ;b:o uf]nfk|yfaf6 rog x'g]5g\ .
-%_ h'g ju{sf] k|ltlglw x6]sf] xf] ;f]xL ju{sf] ;b:onfO{ gofF ;b:o agfOg]5 .
-^_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k'uL;s]sf sf/0f x6\g] jfnjflnsfsf :yfgdf jfnssf] 7fFpdf jfns /
jflnsfsf] 7fpFdf jflnsf g} /xg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf92
92
ª_ j8f gful/s d~r Joj:yfkg ;ldltM
-!_ j8f gful/s d~rsf] sfo{nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf ;xhLs/0f ug{, lg0f{o sfof{Gjogdf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg j8f gful/s d~rn] cfkm"x? dWo]jf6 lgDgfg';f/ kfFr ;b:o /x]sf]
Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 . j8f gful/s d~r / j8f gful/s d~r Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] j}7ssf] cWoIftf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsn] ug]{5g\ .
;+of]hs ! hgf
;x ;+of]hs ! hgf
;b:o @ hgf
;b:o ;lrj ! -;fdflhs kl/rfns_
hDdf % hgf
-@_ Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf klg sDtLdf ## k|ltzt ;b:o clgjfo{ ?kdf dlxnf x'g'kg]{5 .Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] j}7s dlxgfdf Ps k6s j:g]5 .
^= gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| M
;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ?kn] kl5 k/]sf ljkGg kl/jf/x?nfO{ ;zlQms/0f ug]{ p2]Zon]ljleGg
;xeflutfd"ns ljlwx?sf] k|of]u u/L ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt leqsf klg clt ljkGg j8fdf kg]{ j:tLx?df
gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| u7g ul/g]5 . gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf ;xefuLx?nfO{ ?kfGt/0fLo ;fdflhs kl/
rfngsf ljlwx?sf] k|of]u u/L ;fdflhs ?kdf ;zlQms/0f ug]{ k|s[of;+u} pgLx?sf] cfly{s cj:yfdf
;'wf/ Nofpg lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfo{qmdsf cltl/Qm
cGo ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ul/g]5 .
s_ gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf sfo{x?
gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf sfo{x? b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\M
!= ;fIf/tfåf/f ;zlQms/0f sIffdf ;j} ;b:ox? ;xefuL x'g] jftfj/0f ldnfpg] .
@= gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf ;xefuLx?nfO{ gful/sx?sf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ / /fHon]
k|bfg ug]{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf ;]jfx? / ;]jf k|flKtsf k|s[ofx? jf/] hfgsf/L lng] /
;+/If0fsf sfdx? ug]{ .
#= jftfj/0f, ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{gs]f hf]lvd klxrfg ug]{ / k"j{
;t{stf{ ckgfpg] .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 93
$ :yfgLo cfjZostf cg';f/sf] s[lif, kz'kfng tyf cGo cfo cfh{g ;DjGwL ;Lk tyf
Ifdtf ljsf; of]hgf tof/ ug]{ .
%= gful/stfsf] k|df0f kq, hGd, d[To', ljjfx cflb h:tf JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug{ pT;flxt
ug]{ .
^= hfltut e]befj, Jffn ljjfx, jx' ljjfx, cgd]n ljjfx, Jff]S;L, wfdL, em+fqmL, h'jf, tf;,
lg/If/tf, bx]h k|yf, ,5'jf5't, 5fpk8L tyf dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f, jfn>d, afn lx+;f
h:tf ;fdflhs lj;+ultx? af/] 5nkmn rnfpg] / ;dfhaf6 x6fpg kxn ug]{ .
&= cfkm\gf] j:tL tyf ;d'bfonfO{ v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm jgfpg] . jftfj/0fLo tyf 3/]n'
;/;kmfO ug]{ .
*= k|fs[lts k|sf]k - e'sDk, jf9L, klx/f], cfFlwj]/L, cfunfuL, zLtnx/, lxdkft cflb_ jf/]
k"j{ ;t{stf ckgfpg] / To;jf6 jRg] pkfox? jf/] 5nkmn ug]{ .
(= lgjf{rg lzIff, afn clwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf sfo{ ug]{ .
!)= hfltut Pj+ ;fdflhs ;b\efj j9fpg] .
!!= jfnjflnsfnfO{ jfn ljsf; s]Gb|, ljBfno egf{, ljBfnodf lg/Gt/ xflh/L, jfnSnjdf
;xefuL u/fpg] .
!@= kfFr jif{ d'lgsf ;j} jfnjflnsfx?nfO{ ;dod} vf]k nufpg], ue{jtL dlxnfx?nfO{ :jf:Yo
;+:yfdf nu]/ ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
!#= ;Lk ljsf;, cfo cfh{g tyf hLljsf]kfh{g ;xof]u sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu ljleGg
;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf lghL ;+:yfx?;+u ;dGjo ug]{, jsfnt ug]{, k}/j ug]{ / ;|f]t
h'6fpg] .
!$= /fxbfgL k|fKt ug]{ k|s[of, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfFbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?, /]ld6\ofG;
k7fpg] ljlw / o;sf] pkof]u h:tf ;d;fdlos ljifosf cltl/Qm g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf cGo
u}/ ;/sf/L / lghL If]qjf6 hg;/f]sf/sf ljifodf hf/L ePsf gofF ljifox?df 5nkmn
tyf hfgsf/L lng] .
!%= Gfful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|nfO{ kl/kSj jgfO{ ;xsf/L tyf ;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu k|oTgzLn
/xg] .
v_ Gfful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| u7g / ;~rfng
!= u/LjLsf cGt{gLlxt sf/0fx?sf] vf]hL nufot ljleGg ;xefuLd"ns ljlwx?sf] k|of]u
u/LufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfsf j8f leqsf klg clt ljkGg j8f tyf
j:tLx?sf] 5gf]6 u/L clt ljkGg, dlxnf, ;fdflhs ?kdf kl5k/]sf ju{sf gful/sx?
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf94
94
;lDdlnt @% -#) hgf ;b:ox? /x]sf] gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| u7g ul/g]5 . To:tf]
;d'bfodf ;f]xLk|s[ltsf] ;d"x klxn] g} u7g ePsf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ ;d]t gful/s
;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] dfGotflbg ;lsg]5 .
@= gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;fIf/tfåf/f ;zlQms/0f ( ReFLECT) ljlwx?sf]
k|of]u u/L gful/ssf clwsf/, st{Jojf/] ;';"lrt u/fpg], u/LjLsf cGt{gLlxt sf/0fx?sf]
vf]hL / ljZn]if0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg], cfkm\gf cfjZostf tyf k|fyldstfx? jf/] cfjfh
p7fpg ;Sg], /fHo nufot ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?;Fu cfkm\gf dfux?
/fVg / pQ/bfoLk"0f{ Jojxf/sf] bfjL ug{, n}lËs ;dljsf; tyf jfn jflnsf;Fu ;DjlGwt
ljifox?df 5nkmn u/L s] pkfoåf/f o:tf ;d:of x6fpg ;lsG5 eGg] h:tf ljifo /
kIf af/]df ljZn]if0f ug{;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/L gful/s ;zlQms/0fsf] k|s[ofdf cufl8
j9fOg]5 .
#= gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| u7g ubf{ dlxnfx?nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . gful/s
;r]tgf s]Gb|dfPs kl/jf/af6 Pshgf dfq ;b:o x'g]5g\ .
u_ gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| ;+of]hg ;ldlt
!= gful/s ;r]tgf s]GbnfO{ lgoldt ?kdf ;~rfng ug{ gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf ;b:ox?dWo]
af6 cfd ;xdltdf lgDgfg';f/ % ;b:o /x]sf] gful/s ;r]tgf JoJf:yfkg ;ldlt u7g
ul/g]5 .
gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| ;+of]hs ! hgf
gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| ;lrj ! hgf
;b:o @ hgf
;b:o ;lrj -;fdflhs kl/rfns_ ! hgf
@= ;+of]hg ;ldltdf klg sDtLdf ## k|ltzt ;b:o clgjfo{ ?kdf dlxnf x'g' kg]{5 .
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] j}7s dlxgfdf Ps k6s / cfjZostf cg';f/ h'g;'s} ;dodf klg
j:g]5 .
3_ gful/s ;r]tf s]Gb| ;xof]u jlx{udg gLlt
!= ;fdfGotof :yfkgf ePsf] @ aif{df gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|nfO{ kl/kSjtfsf] cj:yfdf
nlug]5 . kl/kSjtfsf] nflu k|:tfljt gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df ;fdflhs kl/rfnsn]
lgoldt?kdf u/L cfPsf] ;xhLs/0f sfo{nfO{ gofF u7g ePsf gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf 95
:yfgfGt/0f ul/g]5 . kl/kSj gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df ;fdflhs kl/rfng
:jo+;]js÷:yfgLo ;|f]tJolQm dfkm{t lglZrt cjlw;Dd ;]jf k|bfg ul/g]5 .
@= ;fdflhs kl/rfng ;bf ;j{bf :jMrflnt x'g'kg]{ ePsfn] Ps r/0fsf] kl/kSjtf
kZrft ;xsf/Ldf kl/0ft x'g k|]l/t ul/g]5 .
#= gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|n] lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ sfo{qmd dfkm{t ljleGg cfo cfh{gsf lqmofsnfkx?
;~rfng u/L gful/sx?sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s k'FhLsf] ljsf; ug]{5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx?nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbgsf] nflu gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|x?nfO{ :yflkt ;xsf/Lsf];b:o jGg pTk|]l/t
ul/g]5
$= ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf qmddf ul7t gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| tyf j8f gful/s d~rx?nfO{{
Ufflj; If]qleq sfd ug]{ cGo ;+:yfx?;Fu ldn]/ cfgf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{
clek|]l/t ul/g]5 tL ;+:yfx?;Fu ;fem]bfl/tf clej[l4 ug{ pTk|]l/t ul/g]5 .
%= hLljsf]kfh{gsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu k|fKt x'g] ;|f]tx? ;+sng u/L To;sf] ;d'lrt
Joj:yfkg ug{ ;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 .
^= Gfful/s ;r]tgf s]GbnfO{| ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf ;"rLs[t u/L cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?Fu
;dGjo / ;fem]bfl/tf ljsf;sf nflu k|]l/t ul/g]5 .
;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / k|b{zlg ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf96
96