Chapter 1. Carter L. Marshall. 1972. Some exercises in social ecology: health, disease, and modernization in the Ryukyu Islands. Pages 5-18.

Keywords: impact of humans on the environment, filariasis eradication preserving health by filling a social vacuum, trachoma a paradox of sanitation, dysentery the protective effects of old habits, tuberculosis the inadequate institutional response, the emerging problem of environmental pollution, communicable diseases