ВВЕДЕНИЕ В ФОРМАЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ОПИСАНИЯ...

.. , ..

-

2008

,

, ..

.., ..

-: .

. .: , 2008. 202 .: .

,

-: IDEF, UML, BPMN.

.

.

550200 ,

511200 , , 510400 , 521500

, 521600 , 060800

( ).

, , - , , . .., .., 2008

3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1. - - . . . . . 101.1. -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.2. -. . . . . . . . . . . 111.3. -- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2. - . . . . 172.1. - . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2. SADT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.3. IDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.4. DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.5. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.6. BPMN, BPEL, BPML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3. IDEF0/SADT. . . . . . . 293.1. SADT/IDEF0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.2. SADT/IDEF0 . . . . . . . . . . 353.3. . IDEF0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4. IDEF1 IDEF1X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.1. IDEF1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.2. IDEF1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.3. IDEF1X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.4. IDEF1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.5. IDEF1X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4

5. IDEF3. . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

5.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

5.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6. IDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

6.1. IDEF2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

6.2. IDEF4. - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

7. DFD. . . . . . . . . 63

7.1. DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

7.2. DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

8. UML - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

8.1. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

8.2. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

8.3. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

8.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

8.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

8.6. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

8.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

8.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

8.9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

8.10. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

9. - - BPMN. - BPML . . . . . . 118

9.1. BPMN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

9.2. - BPML . . . . . . . . . 126

9.3. - BPEL. . . . . . . . . . . . 136

5

10. -- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13810.1. ARIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.1. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.2. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.3. UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

. BPMN- . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.1. BPMN BPML . 151.2. BPMN BPEL . 155

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

6

- -

- -. - -, . - -, .

- :

1) (UML);

2) - (BPMN);

3) - (IDEF, ARIS).

, --, IDEF, UML, BPMN.

IDEF , , . . , , SADT/IDEF0, - IDEF3 DFD, IDEF1 - -. IDEF2 , IDEF4 . -. . -.

7

, .BPMN

- . IDEF.

UML - -. UML - - -. -- , -- . , UML - , , , . - UML -- . , UML .

, - -. , - 20082009 . , - - (), - . - .

, -, , -, , , , ,, ( -).

8

, : - , -, .

-- -. : --, - . .

--.

IDEF. IDEF --, -. , , IDEF0 -, . . , - , , . IDEF1 -, , , . . - , , .IDEF2 , . IDEF3 , . . - , , - . IDEF4 - - .

DFD, - , ,

9

. DFD - IDEF0 IDEF3.

UML . UML -- IDEF - .

-- BPMN BPML , - . BPML, BPMN BPML. - .

-.

, , -. .

10 1. -

1. - -

1.1. -

- - , - , - [1, 2].

- (, -, , ) -, - [1].

- : -

;

; , -

; -

, - . - : (, ), -

; ; -

;

1.2. - 11

; / ,

; / , -

; , ; / , ; , -

.

1.2. -

-, - .

, , - . :

1) ;2) ;3) . ,

, , - : , ; ; ,

(, , .).

12 1. -

- - , -: , , ; -

; -

; , , -

.

: ; , -

; ; -

, - , ;

, -, .

, - . , : (-) , () . - , ,

1.3. - 13

, - - . - .

1.3.

-

1.3.1. -

, - -, -- BPM- (Business Process Management)1.

BPM- : -; -

.

1.3.2. -

- : ; - (Pi calculus). . -

, . , - BPM- .

1 - . . , ,WorkFlow-, DocFlow- BPM- ..

14 1. -

- (,WPDL XPDL WfMC) - , , , ..

- 80- . XX . - . , - , . - - BPML BPEL.

1.3.3. WorkFlow- DocFlow-

BPM- WorkFlow- DocFlow-.

WorkFlow- . Work-Flow- - - , - . - . - .

DocFlow- . DocFlow- - , - . , .

WorkFlow- DocFlow- , - WorkFlow-. DocFlow- -, WorkFlow- .

1.3. - 15

1.3.4. -

- / - -.

:

(Control-Flow Perspective); (Data Perspective); (Resource Perspective); (Operational Perspective).

- , , ( ).

, , - () ( ) - () . - - . , , .

-, , . .

, -.

- . - , , -

16 1. -

, - . - , .

, -. - , - .

, -.

2. - 17

2. -

2.1. -

- -, - . - :

SADT/IDEF0; IDEF3; DFD; BPMN; ARIS; , Rational Unified Pro-

cess.

2.2. SADT

(Structured Anal-ysis and Design Technique, SADT) 60- . XX . - . SADT . 1973 . SADT - . SADT 1975 . 1981 . SADT 50 , , - , , , - .

18 2. -

, SADT , -.

SADT , - IDEF (ICAM DEFinition), ICAM (Integrated Computer AidedManufacturing ), - - . SADT IDEF0, 1993 . [3].

2.3. IDEF

IDEF - .

IDEF : IDEF0 ( -

- );

IDEF1 - , ;

IDEF1X (IDEF1 eXtended) - ( , , );

IDEF2 ; IDEF3 ,

; IDEF4 - ,

2.3. IDEF 19

;

IDEF5 , - ;

IDEF6 -, - ;

IDEF7 ;

IDEF8 -;

IDEF9 , ;

IDEF10 ;

IDEF11 ;

IDEF12 ;

IDEF13 ;

IDEF14 .

2.3.1. IDEF0

, IDEF0 1981 . - ICAM. IDEF0 - SADT. -, , .

IDEF0 -. IDEF0 -

20 2. -

, , , - , , .

IDEF0 3.

2.3.2. IDEF1 IDEF1X

IDEF1 IDEF1X .

IDEF1 . - , - .

IDEF1 :

;

, - ;

, - .

IDEF1 - :

, -, ;

, - , - ;

- ;

2.3. IDEF 21

, - .

IDEF1X . - IDEF1X - - , . IDEF1X, - , -, .

IDEF0 4.

2.3.3. IDEF2 IDEF3

IDEF2 IDEF3 [4] - . IDEF0 : ?, : ?. - - , , , - .

IDEF3 1980- . - . IDEF3 -, .

, - . IDEF3 , - , -

22 2. -

.

IDEF3 - :

;

- ;

, , - ;

- ;

.

2.3.4. IDEF4

IDEF4 [5] - - . , , .

2.3.5. IDEF5

IDEF5 [6] , - .

, IDEF5 IDEF1 IDEF1X. -, IDEF1 IDEF1X, IDEF5. IDEF5 , , - IDEF1/1X.

2.3. IDEF 23

2.3.6. IDEF6

IDEF6 - , - .

IDEF6 - , . , - , - .

IDEF, , IDEF6 - . -. - , -. -, , .

2.3.7. IDEF8

IDEF8 . - , , , - , , ..

24 2. -

2.3.8. IDEF9

IDEF9 [7] ( , , ) - . , -. - .

- . - , . - ( ).

IDEF9 :

1) (, );

2) , , ;

3) ;

4) ;

5) ;

6) .

. , , -, , , OR, AND, XOR (- ).

2.3.9. IDEF14

IDEF14 - , , , ..

2.4. DFD 25

. - , , - (, , -). , , - . - . : , , , , , , .

2.4. DFD

(Data Flow Diagramming, DFD) - , -. , -, , , .

2.5. UML

(UnifiedModeling Language, UML) , , , - , - .

UML . (G. Booch),. (J. Rumbaugh), . (I. Jacobson) . . ,. (Object Mod-

26 2. -

eling Technology, OMT). . , - -- (Object OrientedSoftware Engineering, OOSE).

, UML, - 1993 . 1995 . 0.8 (Unified Method). OMG (ObjectManagement Group), 1989, 1996 . - UML. UML Partners , Dig-ital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard, i-Logix, IntelliCorp, IBM, ICONComputing, MCI Systemhouse, Microsoft, Oracle Corporation, Rational Software,Texas Instruments Unisys. - UML 1.0, 1997 . UML 1.3, 1.4 1.5, , , 1999 ., 2001 . 2003 . - UML 2.0 2005 . - Model Driven De-velopment (MDD). UML 1.4.2 ISO/IEC 19501:2005 [8].

UML , - - . UML , IDEF0, IDEF1X, IDEF3, DFD, , .. - . UML, , .

UML --, Rational Unified Process (RUP) -

2.6. BPMN, BPEL, BPML 27

IBM Rational Software. , - , : -- (Business Use Case Model) - (Business AnalysisModel).

2.6. BPMN, BPEL, BPML

Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) - - - , .

BPMN Business Process Manage-ment Initiative (BPMI), BPMN - OMG (Object Management Group). BPMN 20032004 . 2000 . - - (Business ProcessManagement Systems, BPMS), BPMS 2001 ., BPML 1.0 2002 . 2005 . OMG, 2006 . BPMN 1.0 OMG [9]. 2007 . OMG BPMN 2.0 [10].

BPMN - - : - , -, -, , - , , .

BPMN - - . - - BPML (Business Process ModelingLanguage) BPEL (Business Process Execution Language).

28 2. -

- BPML, Web-, BPMI 2002 . BPMN BPML, BPEL.

BPEL ( BPEL4WS) -, IBMMicrosoft. BPEL IBM WSFL Mi-crosoft XLANG. XML-WSDL, XML Schema, XPath.

2003 . BPEL (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards, OASIS). 2004 . BPEL 1.1. IBM WebSphere Business Integration Server Founda-tion 5.1 Microsoft BizTalk Server 2004. , BPEL - (-, SAP NetWeaver BEA WebLogic).

BPEL XML, - Web- - ().

3. IDEF0/SADT. 29

3. IDEF0/SADT.

3.1. SADT/IDEF0

SADT- SADT. SADT- , . - . , -. SADT - . SADT.

SADT - , . SADT-, -, , .

, . - , . SADT - .

SADT/IDEF0 , - , - . SADT- , .. .

SADT/IDEF0 - :

30 3. IDEF0/SADT.

- SADT- , - / , - ;

SADT , - ;

; ; ( ); ; , .. -

.

SADT/IDEF0 - , - , . SADT/IDEF0 - , , , .

3.1.1.

IDEF0 (De-composition). . - . .

IDEF0 , -

3.1. SADT/IDEF0 31

. - - -0.

(Purpose) - (Viewpoint). - , . . - , - , , - .

, , . - , - , (Child Diagram) - , , - , (Child Box). , - - (Parent Box), , - , (Parent Diagram). . , - , -.

( ), .

32 3. IDEF0/SADT.

, -.

IDEF0 (, , - ) - , , - .., , - . (Glossary) - .

3.1.2.

, . , .

.

. .

3.1.3.

IDEF0- , - . - , , , -. .

, , - , -

3.1. SADT/IDEF0 33

. . -, , . - .

, . , - , - . , .

IDEF0 , , . . . - .

, , - , , , . - , .

3.1.4. IDEF0-

IDEF0- -. , -, :

- ( () -

34 3. IDEF0/SADT.

, () , , );

- ( ) .

3.1.5. IDEF0-

IDEF0 , , . .

, - , (Authors).- , . , (Model Draft) .

, -. (). -, . - - . , .

. - ,

3.2. SADT/IDEF0 35

-. - .

3.2. SADT/IDEF0

IDEF0 . - .

(Activity Box) . . . - (, , ).

(, ..). - .

3.2.1.

( ) (Arrow). , - , (. . 3.1).

- . - (Arrow Label). , . - , , -

36 3. IDEF0/SADT.

. , , .

ICOM:I (Input), , ;C (Control), , -

;O (Output), , ;M (Mechanism), , -

, .

. 3.1.

, - -. , , . .

, - . - , . .

3.2. SADT/IDEF0 37

. - , , -. , , , , .

, - . - . .

, - (, , ,). , . - .

3.2.2.

: ,, , -, .

, - (. 3.2).

. 3.2.

, (. 3.3).

38 3. IDEF0/SADT.

. 3.3.

, - - (. 3.4).

. 3.4.

, - (. 3.5).

- - (. 3.6). . , .

3.2. SADT/IDEF0 39

. 3.5.

. 3.6.

3.2.3.

-. IDEF0 . - , - . - . , , (. 3.7).

40 3. IDEF0/SADT.

. 3.7.

3.2.4.

, -, . - . - . - ( ) -, . - - . , , (. 3.8).

. 3.8. ,

3.3. . IDEF0 41

, , - (. 3.9).

. 3.9. ,

3.3. . IDEF0

IDEF0, - [11]. -.

, , , - (. 3.10). .

: ; ; ; . : ; ; .

42 3. IDEF0/SADT.

. 3.10.

- (. 3.11). , - .

. - .

. 3.11.

4. IDEF1 IDEF1X. 43

4. IDEF1 IDEF1X.

4.1. IDEF1

. - . - - . .

IDEF1 . - . - :

-;

, - ;

, - .

IDEF1 , , , , . . - (, IDEF1X), IDEF1 - -:

; , -

44 4. IDEF1 IDEF1X.

, - ;

-;

, - .

.

IDEF1 - - .

IDEF1 - : ; ,

; , ; , , , -

.

4.2. IDEF1

-:

1) , -, , , .., - ;

2) , - .

4.3. IDEF1X 45

, IDEF1 - - .

4.3. IDEF1X

IDEF1X - . - -, -. , IDEF1X - , , IDEF1.

IDEF1X - , :

, - ;

, - , , .

IDEF1X IDEF1 - . IDEF1X , , . - . , IDEF1X - , IDEF1, .

46 4. IDEF1 IDEF1X.

4.4. IDEF1

IDEF1 -, . - IDEF1 . , - - . IDEF1:

, -, ;

- .

(. 4.1).

. 4.1. IDEF1

- , . , . , - , . - . IDEF1

4.5. IDEF1X 47

(. 4.2). - , . - , IDEF1, - .

. 4.2. IDEF1

. - , IDEF1 .

4.5. IDEF1X

IDEF1X , . , , - .

48 4. IDEF1 IDEF1X.

, - . (. 4.1).

4.1

,

n

n m

n

IDEF1X - . , , , - , , . - , .

-, . . , , . , - (. 4.3). IDEF1X , ( ) . - .

4.5. IDEF1X 49

, . .

. 4.3.

, . ( ) .

, , . IDEF1X - (. 4.4).

. 4.4.

, , , - (, ). , , . IDEF1X (. 4.5).

50 4. IDEF1 IDEF1X.

. 4.5.

- . - . - (. 4.2).

4.2

, IDEF1X, - . - ( ).

-. - , .

IDEF1X, - , ER

4.5. IDEF1X 51

ENALIM, . - , ER.

52 5. IDEF3.

5. IDEF3.

5.1.

IDEF3 . - . IDEF3 .

-. IDEF3 , IDEF0. IDEF0 - IDEF3.

5.2.

(Scenario) -, - . - , - , - , , .

5.2.1.

IDEF3 , - .

1) (Process Flow Description Diagrams, PFDD) - --. -

5.2. 53

. , , .

2) (Object State Transition Net-work, OSTN) , -. - .

5.2.2.

IDEF3 (Unit of Work, UOW) . - . (. 5.1).

. 5.1.

5.2.3.

, . . , , ( , ).

(. 5.1):

54 5. IDEF3.

, , -, , ;

, , - , - ;

, .

, , - . - .

5.1

- (TemporalPrecedence)

- , - .

(Object Flow)

- . -.

(Relationship)

- -.

5.2. 55

5.2.4.

. . - (. 5.2).

5.2 IDEF3

-

-

- (Fan-inJunction)

- (Fan-out Junction)

(Asyn-chronous AND)

.

- -.

(Syn-chronous AND)

.

- -.

(Asyn-chronous OR)

- .

- .

(Syn-chronous OR)

- .

-.

56 5. IDEF3.

5.2 IDEF3 ()

-

-

- (Fan-inJunction)

- (Fan-out Junction)

(XOR Exclusive OR)

- -.

- -.

.

1) ( -):

-, - ;

, - .

2) . , - . - .

. . J (. 5.2).

5.2. 57

. 5.2.

58 6. IDEF

6. IDEF

6.1. IDEF2.

IDEF2 . , . , IDEF0 , - (Color Petri Nets, CPN).

IDEF2 :

, ;

, -;

, ;

, -.

, .

, - , - - ( ).

6.2. IDEF4. - 59

6.2. IDEF4. -

IDEF4 - IDEF. UML, -.

6.2.1. IDEF4

, IDEF4 , . IDEF4 - , - .

IDEF4 : - (. 6.1).

. 6.1. IDEF4

, , -:

60 6. IDEF

; ; ; .

:

; .

6.2.2. IDEF4

6.2.2.1. IDEF4

. . -

, Filled-Rectangle - Rectangle Filled-Object, , , - Object (. 6.2). - .

(, -) (. 6.3).

- . . 6.4 Fill-Closed-Object. Polygon - Color , - Polygon.

6.2.2.2. IDEF4

. . 6.5 Print ,

6.2. IDEF4. - 61

. 6.2. IDEF4

. 6.3. IDEF4

, , .

. . . 6.6 Redisplay Erase Erasable-Object Draw Drawable-Object.

62 6. IDEF

. 6.4. IDEF4

. 6.5. IDEF4

. 6.6. IDEF4

7. DFD. 63

7. DFD.

7.1. DFD

IDEF0 (IDEF3), (Data Flow Diagramming, DFD).

-, ( - , - ). - -. - -( - (IDEF0), -, - (IDEF3)).

:

-;

; , ; IDEF0 -

; -

.

DFD , IDEF0, , , - -, .

64 7. DFD.

DFD - ( - IDEF0), :

DFD- - ( IDEF0 ), DFD , - (, );

- DFD- - IDEF0 ( , ) .

DFD- - () - , . - DFD- , , .

- :

;

;

-, ;

.

DFD , . . . - . - , -. . - .

7.1. DFD 65

7.1.1. DFD

DFD: - (GaneSarson) (YourdonDeMarko).

- - , ( ) DFD. - , ; - - ; .

, . -

:

1) , - - ;

2) , ( ), (Bubble) -, - ( );

3) .

DFD- (OMT, SSADM . .). - .

DFD - .

66 7. DFD.

DFD IDEF1X.DFD

, , IDEF0:

1) , ;

2) , - ;

3) , ;

4) , .

, - , (Event Partition-ing), DFD .

1) - , .

2) - . - (Environment Model) , . - , , -, , -, IDEF0 DFD. , - .

3) (Behavior Model) , - . , , , - .

7.2. DFD 67

, - .

7.1.2. -

- , -, - - . - / , - () , - , .

DFD -. - , - , ( , ). - DFD .

7.2. DFD

- (Flowchart) . - . DFD - , .

DFD- , -, , - - .

68 7. DFD.

DFD: (Blocks) (Activities) -

; (Arrows) (Data Flow) -

; (Data Store) , -

; , - ;

(External References) (Exter-nal Entity) , -.

DFD (). . - .

DFD- (. 7.1). - . - , () , - . , .12.4.

. 7.1. DFD

7.2. DFD 69

; - , , , .

, - (, , ). - DFD-, / , - . - . IDEF0-, DFD .

, ( ) . DFD , IDEF0-, .

DFD- - - / . - , . - .

, - . , . - , , , . , , , - , - .

, -

70 7. DFD.

/ , . .

, - , - .

: (, , -

); -

. -

, (. 7.2). - D - , D5.

. 7.2. DFD

, . , . , .

, . / , . .

7.2. DFD 71

, . , - , , ,, , , . .

, - (. 7.3). - , 5. , - .

. 7.3. DFD

. , . .

, . - - , , - . -.

(Off-Page Reference) DFD,

72 7. DFD.

. , - .

, - . . -. - . , , . , - .

- (. 7.4).

. 7.4. DFD-

8. UML 73

8. UML

8.1. UML

UML :

1) UML , - UML;

2) UML - UML.

:

( ), - ;

( ), - .

UML , .

UML - , - . UML -:

(Use Case Diagram);

(Class Diagram);

(Behavior Diagrams):

(Statechart Diagram),

(Activity Diagram),

74 8. UML

(Interaction Diagrams):

* (Sequence Diagram),

* (Collaboration Diagram);

(Implementation Diagrams):

(Component Diagram),

(Deployment Diagram).

8.2. UML

, . - UML (Rational Unified Process, RUP).

RUP - , - . - :

1) ;2) ;3) . RUP

UML, - .

8.3. UML

UML :

8.3. UML 75

1) (. 8.1);2) -

(. 8.2);3) ,

(, ) UML (, ) -.

8.1 UML

76 8. UML

8.1 UML ()

8.2 UML

()

8.4. 77

8.2 UML ()

8.4.

(Use Case Diagram) (- ) . -, . - . , - - .

- :

- ;

;

.

78 8. UML

, , , , -.

8.4.1.

(Actor) - , - - . , .

- , . (Role) , .

, (. 8.1).

. 8.1. UML

, - : , , -, , , . , .

. .

8.4. 79

, , , .

8.4.2.

(Use Case) - , - .

- . , - . , - , - , . -.

(. 8.2), ( - ).

. 8.2. UML

8.4.3.

(Interface) -, . - .

80 8. UML

, - (. 8.3).

. 8.3. UML

- , -. .

8.4.4.

(Relationship) - . .

UML - : , , -, .

(Association Relationship) - , , - . . n-. - (. 8.4).

(Name), - . (Multiplicity), -

8.4. 81

. 8.4. UML

-, . - , - .

- .

(Extend Relationship) - , - , .

(DependencyRelationship), .. , , . - , , .

, , , - , - . extend (. 8.5).

. 8.5 - -

82 8. UML

. 8.5. UML

. .

(Include Relationship) - , - , - . - , - , include (. 8.6).

. 8.6. UML

(Generalization Relationship) , , - , . , . UML -, - . - ,

8.4. 83

(. 8.7).

. 8.7. UML

8.4.5.

(Notes) - , - . - , - . , (. 8.8).

. 8.8. UML

-, .

8.4.6.

(. 8.9).

84 8. UML

. 8.9.

, , , -. , - , - . - : , , - ; , .

, , -, , -

8.5. 85

. -

, , .. , .

, - - .

8.5.

(Class Diagram) UML , .

- . - . - , .

: , - (, , , ), ,, , , .

8.5.1.

(Class) - , , . , , , () () (. 8.10). - ,

86 8. UML

.

. 8.10. UML

(Attribute) , - , -. . , -, , - . -. , .

, , , , :

[]:={}

(Visibility) -:

+ (Public) , ;

# (Protected) - , ;

(Private) ;

8.5. 87

(Package) - , - .

, - - .

(Multiplicity) - , .

, - , UML .

- .

(Operation) -, . .

, . , , , , :

( ):={}

.

, :

:=,

in, out inout; - ;

88 8. UML

- -; - , -.

, - .

, .

8.5.2.

(): , , . 8.4, - . - .

- ( , -- ), - (. 8.11). , - , .

, , - . - , . -

8.5. 89

- (. 8.12). , -

, , , -. - - - (). . - , - (. 8.13).

. 8.11. UML

. 8.12. UML

. 8.13. UML

90 8. UML

, - (-) (. 8.14).

. 8.14. UML

UML (- ), - : access

- -; bind - -

; derive - -

-; import - -

-; refine , - --

. -

, (-) (. 8.15). (-

), -: {complete} , -

-, - - ;

8.5. 91

. 8.15. UML

{disjoint} , - , ;

{incomplete} , --;

{overlapping} , - .

8.5.3.

(. 8.4). , - interface, (. 8.16).

. 8.16. UML

8.5.4.

. 8.17 .

92 8. UML

. 8.17. UML

-. - . - .

, , , . , .

, , - (). - , -

8.6. UML 93

, , .

8.6. UML

(, - ), - UML.

UML , - , - , UML, - - UML, - -.

(Stereotype) UML, - , , - . UML .

, - . - .

UML -, , . .1 UML.

(Tagged Value) UML, . -

94 8. UML

, - . .2 - UML.

(Constraint) UML. C - . - , - . . .3 - UML.

8.7.

(Statechart Diagram) . , - , .

8.7.1.

(State) - , , .

(Event) , .

- , (. 8.18). , - -.

: , -

8.7. 95

. 8.18. UML

, , , (. 8.19).

. 8.19. UML

8.7.2.

(Transition) -, , - .

-, (. 8.20).

. 8.20. UML

, - , , :

[]

- :

96 8. UML

()

(Guard Condition) , - , - : .

(Action) -, .

, , .

UML . (Entry Action) , -

. entry, , - .

(Exit Action) , . exit, , .

UML entry exit, -, do, , - , , , .

8.7.3. UML

, - [12] (. 8.21).

.

8.7. 97

. 8.21. UML

, . - . , .

-. , _ (n) 15 - . , .

_(n)

98 8. UML

. , , - , .

, - . ( ) , -, . , - .

(- ) ( ). , - ( ). - . , - , . (.. ) , - . -, .

, - . - , .

8.8.

(Activity Diagram) -, - .

(Activity) - .

8.8. 99

(Action), - , , - . , , .

. - , , .

- , - . :

, - ( );

.

, - .

-, , .

8.8.1.

(Action State) , - () ( ). - .

(Activity State) , ,

100 8. UML

. , -

, . , - . - .

( , ), , - , .

8.8.2.

(Transition) 8.7.2. -

, - . .

, -. . , . - , (. 8.22).

- . UML (Concurrent Fork) (Con-current Join) - , - (. 8.23).

8.8. 101

. 8.22. UML

. 8.23. UML

8.8.3.

(Swimlane) - , , - .

- - , - , . UML , (. 8.24).

8.8.4.

, , - (Objects), , . - , - .

102 8. UML

. 8.24. UML

UML - , , . - - (. 8.25). - . - .

. 8.25. UML

, - :

/:

, - . , - -. .

(. 8.26):

8.8. 103

o : o; o : C o,

C; : C , C; o/R : C o,

C R; /R : C , C

R; o/R o, R; /R , R.

. 8.26. UML

UML (. 8.27). - - , - . ( ).

-, , , . (ObjectFlow), .

104 8. UML

. 8.27. UML

. , , , - . , .

- , , - , , , , -, , . - .

8.8.5.

- , [13, 12](. 8.28).

- , . - , - . - - , , .

8.8. 105

. 8.28.

106 8. UML

- , . - (-). . ( , , , - .) .

, - (-). . - .

8.9.

(Interaction Diagram) -, , - , , -.

, : - . - - . .

8.9. 107

8.9.1.

(Sequence Diagram) - , - , .

-, X , Y . -, .

, : .

(Object Lifeline) , (. 8.29). .

. 8.29. UML

(Focus of Control) -, , - - -

108 8. UML

. - , .

, , -, . UML - X (. 8.29).

-, . (Mes-sage) , - , - , .

UML :

call () , ;

return () ;

send () ;

create () ;

destroy () .

UML (. 8.30):

, - , -, , , ( );

, - ( );

( - ).

8.9. 109

. 8.30. , UML

- . - ( ) -.

8.9.2.

(Collaboration Diagram) , - , . .

(Collaboration) , - .

110 8. UML

. UML 8.8.4.

. , , . -, .

, - : () .

(Link) . , - :

association , ; parameter ,

; local , ,

; global , , -

-;

self , ( ).

.

8.9.3.

. 8.31 .

8.10. UML 111

. 8.31.

a b, c d, . , , - , .

, - . , {transient}, , - .

-, - .

8.10. UML

-

112 8. UML

. - . UML - , -, , .

(Physical System) - .

-UML , , - , , - . , .

, - . UML - , : - .

8.10.1.

, - .

, .. - . - , - , , .

8.10. UML 113

:

;

;

, , .

(Component) , - , - . , , - .

-, , , (. 8.32).

. 8.32. UML

UML , - . , , -, , : .

UML :

- (, , - ..);

114 8. UML

( -);

( ). UML : library () -

; table () ; file () -

; document () ; executable () ,

. 8.4.3 8.5.3.

, - .

- interface (. 8.32). -, . - , - .

. 8.33. UML

. , -

8.10. UML 115

( ), . - , , . - , .

, , - 8.4.4 8.5.2. , , , , - , , (. 8.34).

. 8.34. UML

8.10.2.

(Deployment Diagram) , - .

- - . , -

116 8. UML

, - .

-, , .

(Node) -, - .

(. 8.35). , .

. 8.35. UML

- (. 8.36). - , - (. 8.37).

- . - - . - , , -.

8.10. UML 117

. 8.36. UML

. 8.37. UML

118 9. -

9. - BPMN. - BPML

9.1. BPMN

BPMN - (Busi-ness Process Diagram, BPD). , , .

9.1.1. BPMN

BPMN :

, , (Private) ;

, , (Abstract) ;

, , (Collaboration) .

- WorkFlow BPM ( ). BPMN - - , - - . , - -.

9.1. BPMN 119

, -. , . - - BPMN .

-. - .

9.1.2.

BPMN , - . , . - - . . - :

- (Business Layer) -- ;

(Functional Layer) , ;

(Implementation Layer) - .

, - .

120 9. -

9.1.3.

BPMN : (Activity) , -

; (Flow Connector) -

; (Event)

(.. , ); (Gateway) -

, ;

(Swimlane) , - ;

(Artifact) . , -

, . .

(Task) -. . (. 9.1), - (Label), (Documentation), , (Loop Type).

. 9.1. BPMN

(Sub-process) - . -

9.1. BPMN 121

, (. 9.2).

. 9.2. BPMN

() - (. 9.1).

9.1 BPMN

-

() (Sequence Flow) . - .

, - , , - . .

- , , . -

122 9. -

- .

(Message Flow) . - .

(Association) , , . - V- .

, -- . , ( -) . - -.

(. 9.3), - : (Start Events), (Intermeidate Events) (End Events). - .

. 9.3. , BPMN

BPMN (. 9.2):

(Message) , - ;

9.1. BPMN 123

(Timer) ; (Rule) , ,

;

(Exception) ;

(Compensation), ;

(Cancel) ; (Link) , -

;

(Multiple) , - .

9.2 BPMN

124 9. -

( ) - - (. 9.3). . (Data-Based) (Event-Based).

9.3 BPMN

.

. XOR

. XOR

. OR

. AND

BPMN :

(Exclusive (XOR) Data-Based) - ;

- (Exclusive (XOR) Event-Based) - ;

(Inclusive (OR) Event-Based) - ;

9.1. BPMN 125

(Parallel (AND)) - ;

(Complex). -

(. 9.4).

. 9.4. BPMN

BPMN (. 9.4): (Data Objects) -

, - ;

(Groupe) , ;

(Annotation) BPMN.

9.4 BPMN

126 9. -

9.1.4. BPMN

. 9.5 BPMN- -. . - , . , - , .

. 9.5. BPMN

9.2. - BPML

- (Business Process Modeling Lan-guage, BPML) XML. - BPML -

9.2. - BPML 127

.BPML , -

, , - -. BPML -, , , , - . BPML XML, BPML XML-, - - .

BPML . - , -.

WorkFlow- BPML : - (Activity), (Signal), (Exception), (Context), (Property).

(Activity) -. Activity () - (). . , - ( , ), .. , -, .

bpml:activity :

Content: (documentation?, {other element}*)

BPML :

128 9. -

Action ;

Assign ;

Call ;

Compensate ;

Delay ;

Empty ;

Fault ;

Raise ;

Spawn , ;

Synch ;

:

All ;

Choice , ;

Foreach ;

Sequence ;

Switch , ;

Until - ;

While .

:

9.2. - BPML 129

ready ; active (); completing -

; completed ; aborting -

; aborted -

. Action :

Content: (documentation?, (input | output)*, {any activity}*)

:

:

Content: (((source | value)+ | {extension element})?)

130 9. -

Assign :

Content: (documentation?, ((source | value)+ | {extension element})?)

Source :

Content: ({extension element})?)

Call :

Content: (documentation?, output*, input*)

Compensate :

Content: (documentation?, output*)

Delay :

Content: (documentation?)

9.2. - BPML 131

Empty :


Fault :


Raise :


Spawn :


All :

Content: (documentation?, context?, {any activity}+)

132 9. -

Choice :

Content: (documentation?, event{2,*})

Content: (documentation?, (action | synch | delay),

context?, {any activity}+)

Foreach :


Sequence :


Switch :

Content: (documentation?, case+, default?)

Content: (documentation?, condition, context?, {any activity}+)


9.2. - BPML 133

Until :


While :


(Signals) , - Activities .

:

Content: (documentation?, (value | source)?)

Content: (condition?)

BPML - (Faults) (Schedules).

( ) - , ( ).

:

134 9. -

Content: ((case+, default?) | default)

Content: (documentation?, {any activity}+)

Content: (documentation?, {any activity}+)

case , -, default , - .

: - , - .

:

Content: (documentation?, {extension element}?)

(Exception) -, , - 1.

1, - , .

9.2. - BPML 135

:

Content: (documentation?, event, context?, {any activity}+)

(Compensation) , Exception1.

:

Content: (documentation?, (event | parameters?), context?, {any activity}+)

(Context) , - , .., .

:

Content: ((exception | process | property | schedule | signal)*, faults?)

(Property) - .

:

136 9. -

element = QNamefixed = boolean>Content: (documentation?, value?)

, -- - BPML Web-.

9.3. - BPEL

- (Business Process Execution Language,BPEL) BPMN.

BPEL WorkFlow-WSFL XLANG, :WSFL , XLANG XML. BPEL - Web- (), , Web-, -.

BPEL , , , - , - , ..

BPEL -- (Process-Based Applications), . - -, BPEL, - Web-.

BPEL . - . -

9.3. - BPEL 137

, - (Activities), , -, ..

(Activities) BPEL . Activities : Receive ; Reply ; Invoke - Web-; Wait ; Assign ; Throw ; Terminate ; Empty . Activities : Sequence ,

; Switch ( Switch

++, Java . .); While While; Pick ; Flow , -

; Scope - . , (Link), , -

, Activities, , .

BPEL variables. - partnerLink.

.2 BPMN BPEL [14].

138 10. -

10. -

10.1. ARIS

(Ar-chitecture of Integrated Information Systems, ARIS) - , . -, ARIS, - . - , . ARIS - , , - .

ARIS - , , , - , . - , , , , , , . , - ARIS , - , .

10.1. ARIS 139

, - : ; ( ); ( ); ( -). :

, , . - - 80 , .

ARIS , - - . ARIS, : (EventDriven Process Chain, EPC); (Entity Rela-

tionship Model, ERM); UML. , ARIS

, IDS Scheer ARIS. ARIS Extended Event Driven Proce-Chain (eEPC)

, -. , IDEF3 - , (Event). eEPC, ARIS .

, : (Function) (, ),

/ ; (Event) ,

;

140 10. -

(Organizational Unit) (, );

(Document) -, , , - ;

(Cluster) - , ;

- , , - ;

(AND) ;

(OR) ;

(XOR) - .

- -.

eEPC - . - , .

eEPC -: -

; , -

, , - .

10.1. ARIS 141

-

- -. - --, .

-: IDEF, UML, BPMN. IDEF , , , , -. - , . UML -, - - -. - , - . BPMN IDEF. BPMN - - -, . - , BPMN IDEF, .

-, , - . .

142 . UML

. UML

.1. UML

. .1 , UML - [13,15].

.1 UML

actor -

, .

access , - .

association

, - .

become , ( , , - , ).

bind - .

call .

copy , - .

.1. UML 143

.1 UML ()

create , -

- .

derive - .

destroy , -

- .

document .

enumeration , .

exception , -.

executable , .

extend - -.

facade , - .

file , -, .

144 . UML

.1 UML ()

framework , -.

friend .

global

, - - .

import - , - - .

implementation -, - , -.

implementa-tionClass

.

include - - , - -.

.1. UML 145

.1 UML ()

instanceOf - .

instantiate - .

interface ,, .

invariant , - .

library - .

local

, .

metaclass , .

model .

parameter

, .

postcondition , - .

146 . UML

.1 UML ()

powertype , -.

precondition , - .

process , .

refine , , - .

requirement - .

responsibility - .

send .

signal , - .

stereotype , - .

stub .

.1. UML 147

.1 UML ()

subsystem , - .

system , .

table , .

thread , .

trace -.

type , - ( -) .

use - - .

utility , - - .

148 . UML

.2. UML

. .2 , UML [13,15].

.2 UML

documentation , .

location

, - .

persistence , -,

, - .

semantics , -.

.3. UML 149

.3. UML

. .2 , UML - [13,15].

.3 UML

complete - ( - -), .

destroyed ,

- .

disjoint .

implicit -, .

incomplete ( ) - .

new ,

- -.

150 . UML

.3 UML ()

or - .

overlapping .

transient ,

- -, .

. BPMN- 151

. BPMN-

.1. BPMN

BPML

, - (. .1).

. .1. ,

, - . - , ,

152 . BPMN-

. , chargeCustomer

( ) shipProduct ( ), - . , cancelRequest ( ). , - .

, , - , - . , , - .

chargeCustomer( ) / shipProduct ( ) - , (- , ). , , . , -, .

BPML.

.1. BPMN BPML 153

canceled

timeout

aborted

154 . BPMN-

started

complete

.2. BPMN BPEL 155

returned

.2. BPMN

BPEL

(. .2) [14].

. .2. BPMN-

. - , . - . .

, , -

156 . BPMN-

, , - Web-. BPEL - - . BPEL-, BPEL.

BPEL- . partnerLink , -

, - BPMN-. , - web-, web-. partnerLink.

variable . - , BPMN--. variable BPEL message.

.2. BPMN BPEL 157

-, , - , . - , links, - . name link .

158 . BPMN-

BPEL :

BPEL - :

invoke, , BPEL-, , , , , - .. invoke .

.2. BPMN BPEL 159

BPEL :

BPEL :

160 . BPMN-

BPEL :

BPEL - :

if (getCarReservationResponse().getBooleanPart(result)) {

.2. BPMN BPEL 161

condition = false;} else {

condition = true;}

} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();

}return condition;

]]>

BPEL :

162 . BPMN-

]]>

BPEL :

]]>

BPEL -:

BPEL -:

.2. BPMN BPEL 163

]]>

, , -BPMN -. - , BPEL-.

164

3.1 . . . . . . . . . . 363.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.3 . . . . . . . . . 383.4 . . . 383.5 393.6 . . . 393.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.8 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.9 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.1 IDEF1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.2 IDEF1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.5 . . . . . . . . . . . 50

5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535.2 . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.1 IDEF4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596.2 IDEF4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.3 IDEF4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.4 IDEF4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626.5 IDEF4 . . . . . . . . 626.6 IDEF4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

165

7.1 DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687.2 DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.3 DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717.4 DFD- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

8.1 UML . . . . . . . . 788.2 UML 798.3 UML . . . . . . 808.4 UML -

. . . 818.5 UML 828.6 UML 828.7 UML 838.8 UML . . . . . 838.9 . . . . . . . . . 848.10 UML . . . . . . . . 868.11 -

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.12

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.13 -

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.14 -

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908.15 -

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.16

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.17 UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928.18 UML . . . . . . 95

166

8.19 UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

8.20 UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

8.21 UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978.22 UML . . . . . . 1018.23

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018.24 UML . . . . . . . 1028.25 UML . . . . . . . . 1028.26

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038.27 UML . . . . . . . . . 1048.28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058.29

UML . . . . . . . . . 1078.30 , -

UML . . . 1098.31 . 1118.32 UML . . . . . . 1138.33 UML . . . . . . 1148.34 -

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1158.35 UML . . . . . . . . . . 1168.36

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1178.37

UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

9.1 BPMN . . . . . . 120

167

9.2 BPMN . . . 1219.3 , -

BPMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1229.4 BPMN . . . . . 1259.5 BPMN . . . . 126

.1 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

.2 BPMN- . . . . . . 155

168

4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

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9.1 BPMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219.2 BPMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1239.3 BPMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249.4 BPMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

.1 UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.2 UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.3 UML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

169

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http://nvoynov.googlepages.com/bpmn-practice.pdfhttp://nvoynov.googlepages.com/bpmn-practice.pdf

174

ARIS 6, 17, 138, 139

BPEL 14, 27, 28, 136, 137, 155, 156,158163

BPM 13, 14, 118BPML 9, 14, 27, 28, 118, 126, 127,

133, 136, 151, 152BPMN 2, 6, 7, 9, 17, 27, 28, 118126,

136, 137, 141, 151, 155, 156,163

DFD 6, 8, 9, 17, 25, 26, 6372 6466, 68, 70,

72DocFlow 13, 14

eEPC 139, 140

IDEF 2, 69, 18, 23, 59, 141ICAM 18, 19IDEF10 19IDEF11 19IDEF12 19IDEF13 19IDEF14 19, 24IDEF5 19, 22IDEF6 19, 23IDEF7 19IDEF8 19, 23

IDEF9 19, 24IDEF0 6, 8, 9, 1721, 26, 29, 30, 3235,

39, 41, 52, 58, 63, 64, 66, 69ICOM 36

IDEF1 6, 8, 18, 20, 22, 4347IDEF1X 18, 2022, 26, 43, 45, 4750,

66IDEF2 6, 8, 18, 21, 58IDEF3 6, 8, 9, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 52,

53, 63, 139IDEF4 6, 8, 18, 22, 5962

SADT 6, 1719, 29, 30, 35

UML2, 6, 7, 9, 25, 26, 59, 7383, 8587,8997, 100104, 107117, 139,141150

WorkFlow 13, 14, 118, 127, 136

XML 28, 126, 127, 136

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