..Vypracovala: Mgr. Silvie Vypracovala: Mgr. Silvie ReitharováReitharová

Some views from the US history

Discovering America for the Discovering America for the EuropeansEuropeans

WhoWho and and whenwhen discovered America for the discovered America for the Europeans?Europeans?

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

in 1492in 1492

First English Settlements in First English Settlements in North AmericaNorth America

During the 16During the 16thth century the first century the first English speaking settlers came to English speaking settlers came to AmericaAmerica

There were also a lot of other There were also a lot of other nations coming to the New Worldnations coming to the New World

The most famous English speaking The most famous English speaking

group came in group came in 16201620

They are calledThey are called Pilgrim FathersPilgrim Fathers

Pilgrim Pilgrim FathersFathers

Pilgrim Fathers were English who had to leave England for their faith

They escaped to Holland where the King gave them a ship called May Flower

Their arrival to America is celebrated every year on the fourth Thursday in November as the Thanksgiving Day

May Flower

The War of Independence - the reasonsThe War of Independence - the reasons

During 16During 16thth and 17 and 17thth centuries a lot of new people came to North centuries a lot of new people came to North

AmericaAmerica

most of the places where they settled were the most of the places where they settled were the coloniescolonies of of

Great Britain Great Britain

so the people were so the people were colonists - colonists - it meansit means

they were not free, not they were not free, not

independentindependentSome people living in America Some people living in America didn’t like the situationdidn’t like the situation

They didn’t like English kings, They didn’t like English kings, English laws and especially English laws and especially new new and new taxesand new taxes they had to pay for they had to pay for the goods such as newspapers, the goods such as newspapers, sugar, coffee, textiles, and also sugar, coffee, textiles, and also tea…tea…

The War of Independence- the The War of Independence- the beginningsbeginnings

The people who wanted to be independent The people who wanted to be independent didn’t want English King George III to didn’t want English King George III to rule them any morerule them any more

They slowly started a revolution that grew They slowly started a revolution that grew to a warto a war

One of the most famous events from the One of the most famous events from the beginning of the revolution isbeginning of the revolution is

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea PartyOn On December 16, 1773December 16, 1773 a group of a group of

Americans worn in costumes to look like Americans worn in costumes to look like Indians attacked ships in Boston port Indians attacked ships in Boston port and and threw 342 cases of tea into the seathrew 342 cases of tea into the sea

“ “ I hope that King George likes salt in his tea”I hope that King George likes salt in his tea”

The War of Independence 1775-The War of Independence 1775-17831783

Thomas Jefferson

The author of the Declaration of Independence

The war started in 1775 near Boston

In July the leaders of the Americans met at SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS in Philadelphia- they were the first American government

They accepted

THE DECLARATION OF

INDEPENDENCE ON JULY 4TH 1776England didn’t want to accept American independence and the war continued for many years

Finally England recognized the new United States of America in September 1783George

Washington

George Washington , a farmer and the General who led the Americans in the War of Independence was elected the first president of the USA

American Civil War 1861-1865American Civil War 1861-1865

The South – people grew cotton and tobacco – plants that The South – people grew cotton and tobacco – plants that

need plenty of people to be grown . need plenty of people to be grown .

But in America there weren’t so many people – where to But in America there weren’t so many people – where to

take them?take them?

The Europeans brought black slaves from Africa to make The Europeans brought black slaves from Africa to make

them work in them work in ttheir fields.heir fields.

The southern economical system, life style The southern economical system, life style

and way of thinking were based on slavery. and way of thinking were based on slavery.

It is like a feudalism.It is like a feudalism.

The reasons - the differences between the North and the South

The North – people grew corn, fruits,

vegetables – food.

People didn’t need slaves to plant it.

New industry came to the country.

The economical system, life style and way of

thinking were more like in Europe

A lot of new ideas, inventions and changes

appeared.

It is capitalism.

American Civil War 1861-American Civil War 1861-18651865

During 18th and 19th centuries the USA grew bigger and bigger .They get many new states

Americans argued whether or not to allow slavery in the new states

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln won the presidential elections and became a president of the USA. He was against spreading slavery into the new places.

Southern states were against Lincoln

At the end of 1860 South Carolina voted to SECEDE from the USA.

It was soon joined by TEN more Southern States.

They announced to be independent - The Confederated States of America and elected their own president Jefferson Davis

The worst, bloodiest and cruelest war in North American continent

started.on April 12 1861

American Civil War 1861-American Civil War 1861-18651865

The Emancipation Proclamation - a document that abolished slavery in the whole USA and made all the slaves free

Was accepted in 1862 to encourage Northern soldiers to fight to unify the nation

The Battle of GettysburgThe worst battle hold in North American continent

In June 1863

50 000 men were killed

The Southern Army had suffered a defeat from which it never recovered

American Civil WarAmerican Civil Warthe endthe end

A cruel war in which two brothers, a brother with a father or two friends were often made fight against each other Nearly 650 000

died on both sidesOn April 9, 1865 the Northern General Grant met Southern General Lee who surrendered his army

In 1865 slavery was abolished everywhere in the USA but the real emancipation of the Blacks came much much later.

In fact it started after 1960.

Just a few days after the end of the war president Lincoln was assassinated in Ford Theatre in Washington D.C.