unit 4. arthropods have a segmented body, a tough exoskeleton and jointed appendages. exoskeleton:...
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Phylum Arthropoda
Unit 4
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Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods have a segmented
body, a tough exoskeleton and jointed appendages.
Exoskeleton: made from protein and chitin; great variation - firm, leathery (caterpillars) to extremely tough, hard (crabs, lobsters)
Appendages: structures such as legs and antennae that extend from the body wall
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Feeding Include herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.
Mouthparts (pincers, fangs, jaws) have evolved in ways to enable different species to eat almost any food.
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Respiration Most terrestrial arthropods breathe through a
network of branching trachael tubes.
Air enters and leaves the tubes through small openings.
Some have book lungs: organs that have stacked layers of respiratory tissue.
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Circulation open circulatory system
well-developed heart pumps blood through arteries that branch and enter tissues
blood moves into cavities, then collects in large sinus surrounding the heart and re-enters to be pumped through the body
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Excretion Most dispose of nitrogenous
wastes using Malpighian tubules:
Malpighian tubules: saclike organs that take out wastes from the blood and add them to digestive wastes (feces) that move through the gut
Aquatic arthropods, cellular wastes diffuse to the water.
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Growth and Development
Exoskeleton does not grow as the animal grows.
When they outgrow their exoskeletons, arthropods undergo periods of molting.
Molting: entire exoskeleton is shed and a larger one is made by skin glands to take its place.
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Response/Reproduction
Most arthropods have a well developed nervous system.
All arthropods have a brain.
Terrestrial arthropods undergo internal fertilization.
Aquatic arthropods may have internal or external fertilization.
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Groups of Arthropods There are 3 different groups of arthropods:
o Crustaceans: two pairs of antennae, two or three body segments and chewing mouthparts called mandibles.
o Spiders: Two body sections, four pairs of walking legs and mouthparts called chelicerae
o Insects: one pair of antennae, unbranched appendages, and jaws.
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Practice Pg 719: #1,3 Pg 741: # 1,2,3,4,5,