第二章 tod 相關文獻回顧與分析 - 文化大學機構典藏...
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TOD
2-1
TOD
TOD TOD TOD TOD TOD TOD TOD
TOD
TOD TOD TOD
TOD
TOD /
() TOD /
TOD / TOD /1 /2 ()3 ( 2-1)
2-1 TOD /
()
()
(2000)
--
TOD
TOD
TOD
TOD
2-2
( 2-1)
()
(2001)
TOD
(2003)
(TOD
TOD
TOD
;
(2003)
TOD
(2004)
TOD
TOD
TOD
() TOD
TOD TOD 1 2
3 4
TOD
2-3
( 2-2)
2-2 TOD
()
()
(2003)
1
2
3
(2005)
750 TOD
TOD
TOD
(2005)
TOD
TOD
(2006)
TOD
TOD
2-4
( 2-2)
()
()
(2006)
TOD
TOD
TOD
TOD
(2006)
-
TOD
TOD
TOD TOD TOD TOD TOD
() TOD
TOD TOD //1 2
TOD
2-5
3 TOD 4 TOD
TOD ( 2-3)
2-3 TOD
()
Calthorpe (1993)
The Next American Metropolis
TOD TOD
TOD
Marlon & Nicholas (1996)
Transit-Oriented Development in San Diego County: Incrementally Implementing a Comprehensive Idea
TOD
TOD
Nelson & Niles & Aharon (2001)
A New Planning Template for Transit-Oriented Development
Calthorpe TOD TODs TODs
TOD
TOD
TOD
Dena & Gerald (2002)
Transit Oriented Development: Moving from Rhetoric to Reality
TOD TOD 21
TOD
TOD
TOD
2-6
() TOD
TOD TOD //1 2 TOD //3 TOD(density)(diversity)(design)(distance) 4Ds 4 TOD TOD TOD //( 2-4)
2-4 TOD
()
Dale & Simon (2001)
Transit Oriented Sustainable Developments
TOD
TOD
Sara & Julie (2002)
Building Transit Oriented Development in Established Communities
TOD
California Department of Transportation. (2002)
Statewide Transit-Oriented Development Study: Factors for Success in California
TOD
TOD
Jeffrey & Adam (2003)
How to Make Transit-Oriented Development Work.
TOD 3Ds TOD
TOD TOD
Hank & Gloria (2004).
The new transit town :best practices in transit-oriented development
TODTOD
TOD
TOD
TOD
TOD
2-7
( 2-4)
()
Department of Planning and Economic Development, City of Saint Paul (2006)
An Overview of Transit Oriented Development (TOD).
TOD
TOD
TOD
TOD Kara(2006) Preserving and
Promoting Diverse Transit-Oriented Neighborhoods.
1
2
3
4
5
6
TODTOD
Robert & Douglas (2006)
Manifestations of TOD Goals in Development Around Transit.
TOD
TODTOD
Denver the Mile High City (2006)
Transit-Oriented Development Strategic Plan: Community Planning & Development
TOD
TOD
TOD
TOD
2-8
TOD
()
TOD TOD ( 92 ) TOD TOD 120
//
()
TOD TOD TOD TOD
TOD TOD TOD
()
TOD TOD / TOD TOD TOD
TOD
TOD
TOD
2-9
TOD
TOD TOD TOD TOD TOD
TOD
(Transit Oriented Development, TOD)
TOD 1960 1970 1990 TOD(Dena, B. & Gerald, A. ,2002; 20032004) TOD TOD TOD
()(Development-Oriented Transit, DOT)
20 (development-oriented transit) (streetcar) 1930
()(Transit Adjusted Development, AOT)
(Auto-Oriented Transit, AOT) 1954 (the Federal-Aid Highway Legislation of 1954)1970 (San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system, BART)MARTA in Atlanta
()(Transit-Related Development, TRD)
1990 (Transit-Related Development, TRD)
TOD
2-10
() (Transit Adjacent Development, TAD)
(Jeffrey & Adam,2003 ; Arrington2005)
() (Transit-Oriented Development, TOD)
21 TOD TOD
TOD
TOD (2004)TOD TOD //(Dena & Gerald,2002) TOD
TOD TOD
() TOD
Calthorpe(1993)(2001)Dena&Gerald (2002)(2003) (2003) TOD TOD
TOD ()
() TOD
Calthorpe(1993) TOD 1 2
3
Cervero(2004)4 D's( Robert&Douglas,2006)1 density2 diversity3 design4 (distance)TOD
TOD
2-11
1.Density
2.Diversity
3.Design
4.(Distance)
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TOD (vision)(Dena&Gerald,2002).
()TOD
TOD TOD TOD 1.2.3.4.5.6.
()TOD
TOD TOD Dena & Gerald (2002)Sara & Julie(2002)(2003)Department of Planning and Economic Development, City of Saint Paul(2006)(2000)(2001)(2003)(2003)(2004) TOD 1.1 2 3 4 2.1 2 3 4
3.1 2
()TOD
TOD TOD
TOD
2-12
Calthorpe(1993) (2000) (2001)Sara &
Julie(2002)(2002)(2003)(2003)(2003)
(2004)(2005) Robert & Douglas(2006)Department of Planning and
Economic Development, City of Saint Paul(2006)1.1
(Evaluation)2 (Density)3
(Diversity)(mixed land use)4 (Design)
5 (Distance)
500 10 6
(Regulation)7 (Real Estate
Market Analysis)8 /(Finance / Fund)
2.1
2 3 4 5
3.1
2 3 4 5
()TOD
TOD
Calthorpe(1993)(2000)Department of Planning and
Economic Development, City of Saint Paul(2006)Sara & Julie(2002)
(2003)(2003)(2003)(2001)(2004)
TOD 1.1 2 3
2.1 2 3.
1 2 3 4
5
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()TOD
TOD TOD
1.
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TOD
2-13
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2.
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1.
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TOD
2.
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()()
3.TOD
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Nelson & Niles & Aharon (2001) Puget Sound Regional Council (1999)Niles & Nelson(1999b) TOD 1 2 34 56 7 8
TOD
2-14
TOD9 California Department of Transportation(2002)
(Planning for Transit-Friendly Land Use: A Handbook for New Jersey Communities) TOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10
TOD TOD ( 2-5)
2-5 TOD ()TODs / / /
Nelson & Niles & Aharon (2001) Puget Sound Regional Council (1999)Niles & Nelson(1999b)
TOD
2-15
()TOD
Calthorpe(1993)TOD ( TODs)( TODs) Hank & Gloria (2004)(Land-Use Mix)(Minimum Housing Density)(Housing Types)(Scale)(Reigional Connectivity)(Transit Modes)(Frequencies)(Examples) TOD (downtown)(Urban Neighborhood)(Suburban Center)(Suburban Neighborhood)(Neighborhood Transit Zone)(Commuter Town Center)Denver the Mile High City (2006)(Transit-Oriented Development Strategic Plan)TOD /( 2-6) TOD
TOD
2-16
2-6 TOD
/
(downtown)
5
/
(Major Urban
Center)
250,000
50,000sf
5
Park-n-Ride
(Urban Center)
250,000
50,000sf
3
Park-n-Ride
(Urban
Neighborhood)
50,000sf
2-7
Park-n-Ride
(Commuter Town
Center)
25,000
sf
2-7
Park-n-Ride
(Main
Street)
2-7
/
(Campus/Special
Events Station)
/
Denver the Mile High City (2006)
TOD
2-17
TOD
TOD () TOD
() TOD
TOD () TOD
()
(New Urbanism N.U.)
(TOD)(TND)
TOD
( 2-1)
()
(The single
building)(Groups of buildings)(The urban block)(The
neighborhood)(Networks of neighborhoods)(Towns)(Cities)
(Regions)
(compact)(high-density)(mixed-use)
TOD
(infill
development)(the revitalization of
urban areas)(compact growth)
()
Katz(1994)(2001)(2001)(2003a2003b2003c)
Robert S. (2004),,Robert, C. (2005)(2005)(2006)
(2007)
TOD
2-18
1.(Region)
(Metropolis)(city)(town),
,Robert, C. (2005)
1
2 (UGB)()
()
3
4 ()
5
6
7
2.(neighborhood)/(district)/(corridor)
(//)
1
400
2
3
4
5
TOD
2-19
6
()
3.//
(//)
,,Robert, C. (2005)
TOD
()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
//
//
TOD
(UGB)
2-1 TOD
TOD
2-20
(Smart Growth S.G.)
/
TOD
() TOD
TOD
1.
2.
( 2-2)
3.
Smart Growth Network Land Development Regulations Subcommittee (2003)
Emily & Gerrit (2003)
(Illinois)(regional programs
and policies)(process-oriented policies)(spatial policies)
(site-specific policies) TOD
( 2-7)
TOD
2-21
2-7
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 PUD 5
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3
4 5 6 ()
Emily & Gerrit (2003)
()TOD
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//
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( 2-2 2-3)
1.
2.
TOD
2-22
3.
(
)WalkingBicycling
Metro Transit M.T( B.M.W.)(
)
4.
5.
jobs-housing
1 2
6.
B.M.W.
7.
(
)
8.
TOD
2-23
2-2 TOD
2-3 TOD (Clancy & KKO Associates & Byrne, 2005)
TOD
2-24
(Green Transport)
(2001)(2004)(2005)(2007)
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() TOD
TOD
1.//
(2007)
B.M.W
2.
TOD
() TOD
(2005)
//
TOD
TOD
2-25
1.
2.
1
2
(2005)
()
3.
()
( 2-4)
1.
2.B.M.W.
B.M.W.
()
TOD
2-26
3.
(M)
2-4 TOD
TOD
POD
(W) (B)
TOD
2-27
TOD
TOD TOD
TOD
TOD
( 2-5)
2-5 TOD
TOD
2-28
TOD
TOD TOD (2007)
TOD TOD TOD TOD TOD
()
()
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()
TOD TODs TODs TOD 400()
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TOD
()
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2-29
1.
/
2.
(
)
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()
1.
()
2.
TOD ()
(400 )
3.
(
)
4.
()
TOD
2-30
5.
B.M.W
()
1.
2.
TOD
3.
TOD
400-600
400