Anthropology and Hamartiology: Doctrines of Man and Sin

Module 2 (pages 313- 322)

Doctrine of Man (page 313)

The Study of Man › The study of man is called

ANTRHOPOLOGY, from the Greek word ANTHROPOS, meaning “MAN” and “LOGOS” , meaning WORD or DISCOURSE. Therefore, anthropology is a BIBLICAL STANDPOINT OR IT CAN REFER TO THE STUDY OF MAN IN HIS CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT.

Answer question # 1 on Module 2

Doctrine of Man: Origin of Man (page 313)

Atheistic Evolution-explains the origin of man , animals, and plant life apart from any supernatural process. › “All that is needed, according to

naturalistic evolution, is atoms in motion. A combination of atom, motion, time, and chance has fashioned from what we currently have.”

Doctrine of Man: Origin of Man

Atheistic Evolution› Tenants of Evolution in Darwin’s The Origin

of Species Variation results in some offspring being

superior to their parents. A struggle for existence eliminates the

weaker, less fit varieties A process of natural selection is constantly

at work by which the fittest survive Through heredity, new and better qualities

Doctrine of Man: Origin of Man (pages 313-315)

Theistic Evolution -the teaching that plants, animals, and man evolved from lower forms, but God supervised the process

Progressive Creationism -The days of creation are not literal days but ages. It is an attempt to reconcile the Bible with science

Gap Theory -Places a lengthy period of time between Gen.1:1-Gen. 1:2. There was an original creation prior to Lucifer’s rebellion and fall, after which the earth became chaos. Millions of years between Gen.1:1 and Gen. 1:2

Literal 24 Hour Days- The view that God created in 24 hour days also called the fiat creation-God created directly and instantaneously.

Answer Module #2 Question #2

Material Part of Man (page 316)

Structure of the body› Scripture makes a distinction between the

material (body) and the nonmaterial (soul/spirit) (cf. 2 Cor. 5:1; 1 Thess. 5:23)

› The name Adam was to remind man of his ORIGIN: he is of the EARTH.

Material Part of Man (page 316)

Views Concerning the purpose of the body 1. Greek Philosophers View - THIS VIEW PLACED A GREAT DICHTOMY

BETWEEN THE BODY AND SOUL. THE SOUL WAS NON MATERIAL AND GOOD; THE BODY WAS MATERIAL AND EVIL. IN THIS VIEW, THEREFORE, THE BODY WAS DEPRECIATED. HOWEVER IT IS UNBIBLICAL TO PLACE THIS KIND OF DICHOTOMY BETWEEN THE MATERIAL AND NONMATERIAL. THE BIBLE DOES NOT REFERE TO THE BODY AS INTRINSICALLY EVIL. DIVINE REVELATION MAKES IT CLEAR THAT “MAN IS … A UNITY---ONE BEING—AND THE MATERIAL AND IMMATERIAL CAN BE SEPARATED ONLY BY PHYSICAL DEATH”

2. Hedonist View - VIEW REPRESENTS THE OPPOSITE OF THE PRECEDING VIEW. HEDONISTS SUGGEST A PERSON SHOUD SEEK TO PLEASE THE BODY BY DOING WHAT HE ENJOYS DOING. THIS PHILOSPHY IS A DENIAL OF THE SOUL.

3. Christian View -THE BODY IS THE PARTNER OF THE SOUL. THE BODY IS THE MEANS OF GLORIFYING GOD SINCE IT IS THE TEMPLE OF GOD. THE BODY IS NOT TO BE THE MASTER SO THAT THE BELIEVER CATERS TO IT IN SELF –INDULGENCE, NOR IS IT TO BE AN ENEMY THAT NEEDS TO BE PUNISHED. THE BODY IS TO BE SUBMITTED TO GOD IN ORDER THAT CHRIST MAY BE GLORIFIED IN THE BODY.

Answer Module #2 Question #4

Nonmaterial Part of Man (page 316-317)

Scriptural Account› When God created man He created him in His

own image (Gen. 1:26-27)› The image of God in man cannot be physical

because God is a spirit. The image of God in man is nonmaterial and involves these elements: Personality Spiritual Being Moral Nature

Answer Module #2 Questions #6 and # 7

Non Material Part of Man (pages 317-318)

Origin of the nonmaterial part of Man› Theory of Preexistence-teaches that the

human soul existed previously. Men were angelic spirits and as punishment for their souls they were sent to indwell human bodies.

› Creation Theory -teaches that each human soul is an immediate and individual creation by God; the body alone is propagated by the parents.

› Traducian Theory -The souls as well as the body is generated by the parents. Christ must have partaken of the sinful nature of Mary. Answer Module #2 Question #8

Nonmaterial Part of Man (pages 317-319)

Composition of the nonmaterial part of man Dichotomous View

› Dichotomy comes from the Greek dicha, “TWO" and "TEMNO" which means to CUT. Hence man is a TWO PART being, consisting of BODY and SOUL.

Trichotomous View› Trichotomous comes from the Greek tricha, “TRICHA”

and ”temno” which means “TO CUT”. Hence man is a THREE PART being consisting of BODY, SOUL, and SPIRIT.

›  In the Trichotomous view, the body is seen as WORLD conscious, the soul is SELF conscious, and the spirit is GOD conscious.

› Scriptures: 1 Thess. 5:23; Heb. 4:12; 1Cor. 2:14-3:4 Answer Module #2 Questions #9-#13

Fall of Man (pages 320-321) The Test

› Gen. 3 does not describe the origin of sin but it does describe the entrance of sin into the realm of humanity.

› God tested Adam and Eve regarding their obedience in the garden. The test was simple: it was determine whether or not they would believe God and obey Him,

The Temptation › The temptation came to man and woman through

the serpent who must seen as Satan. › Satan’s strategy was in 3 phases:

Raised doubt concerning God’s word(Gen. 3:1) Satan lied about their death (Gen. 3:4) Satan told a partial truth (Gen. 3:5)

Answer Module #2 Questions #14-#15

Fall of Man (pages 321-322) The Results of Sin

› Judgment on the serpent (Gen.3:14)› Judgment on Satan (Gen. 3:15)› Judgment on the woman (Gen. 3:16)› Judgment on man (Gen. 3:17-19)› Judgment on the human race (Rom. 5:12)› Judgment on creation (Gen. 3:17-18)

Answer Module #2 Question #16

Doctrine of Sin (page 322-323)

Definition of sin-Sin is defined as the following: › Transgression of the law of God› A failure to conform to the standard of God› A principle within man› Rebellion against God› Wrongful acts toward God and Man

Answer Module #2 Question #17

Original Sin (pages 322-323)

Original sin may be defined as “the sinful state and condition in which men are born.” It is so designated because (1) “it is derived from the original root of the human race (Adam), (2) it is present in the life of every individual from the time of his birth, and (3) it is the inward root of all the actual sins that defile the life of man”. Simply stated, it refers to “the corruption of our whole nature.”

 Answer Module #2 Question # 18

Result of Sin (page 323)

Man is totally depraved › “Total depravity does not mean that everyone

is as thoroughly depraved in his actions as he could possibly be, nor that everyone will indulge in every form of sin, nor that a person cannot appreciate and even do acts of goodness; but it does mean that the corruption of sin extends to all men and to all parts of men so that there is nothing within the natural man that can give him merit in God’s sight”

Answer Module #2 Question # 19

Result of Sin (page 323)

Man has an innate sin nature› “The sin nature is the capacity to do all

those things (good or bad) that can in no way commend us to God”.

› Every part of man is affected: intellect(2 Cor. 4:4); conscience (1 Tim. 4:2); will (Rom. 1:28) ; heart (Eph. 4:18); and the total being (Rom. 1:18-3:20)

Answer Module # 2 Question #20

Imputation of Sin (page 323)

The word imputation comes from the Latin word IMPUTARE, meaning “TO RECKON” , to “CHARGE TO ONE’S ACCOUNT”, and relates to the problem of how SIN IS CHARGED TO EVERY PERSON.

 The basic scripture that teaches that sin entered the world through Adam is Rom. 5:12 Answer Module #2 Question # 21

Views on the Imputation of Sin (page 323-324)

Pelagian View -People incur death when they sin after Adam’s example

Armenian View -All people consent to Adam’s sin—then sin is imputed

Federal View -Sin is imputed to humanity because of Adam’s sin

Augustinian View - Sin is imputed to humanity because of Adam’s sin

Answer Module #2 Question # 22

The Christian And Sin (page 324)

The Christian’s conflict with sin, according to 1John 2:15-16 arises in three areas: › The world › The flesh› The Devil

The provisions for the Christian to keep him from sin are:› The word of God› Intercession of Christ› The indwelling Holy Spirit Answer Module #2 Question #23