• 状语从句总述• 时间状语从句• 地点和条件状语从句• 原因和结果状语从句• 目的和让步状语从句• 方式和比较状语从句• 测评

总述　　　在复合句中担任状语成分的从句，称为状语从句，状语从句可以用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰整个句子。　　　状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、目的、结果、比较状语从句等９种。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。每类状语从句有各自不同的引导词。

时间状语从句 Adverbial clauses of time由下列从属连词引导：1.when, while, as*when 引导的从句和主句的动作可同时发生 , 也可先后发生 , 从句中的动词既可是延续性动词 , 也可是非延续性 . When we arrived, the dinner had already begun.*while 强调从句和主句的动作同时发生 , 从句中的动词都是是延续性动词 . It was raining while Jane was waiting for the bus.*as 从句中的动词是延续性动词时 , 侧重于从句和主句的动作同时发生 , 意为“一边……一边……” She always listens to light music as she doer some cleaning.2.till, until在句首或强调句中 , 一般用 until 而不用 till. 从句在主句之后时 , 二者都可以用 .* ( 主句 ) 延续性动词 ( 肯定句 )+ until/till……( 直到……为止 )* ( 主句 ) 瞬间动词 ( 否定句 )+ until/till……( 直到……才…… )* 强调句型 It is not until……that……如 :He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.3.before( 在……之前 , 就…… , 才…… ) 引导的从句中一般不用否定式谓语 .

常用句型有 :It is long before…… 好久才……It isn’t/won’t be long before…… 过了不久就…… 如 :It will be a long time before she comes back from Australia.4.after( 在……以后 )5.as soon as, no sooner...than, hardly…when, scarcely…when/before( 一…就 ), 表示主句和从句动作先后发生 .如 :I’ll phone you as soon as I get to Guangzhou.6.since( 自…以来 )*since+ 瞬间动词的过去式 ( 前面常用现在完成时 )*It is/had been+ 时间段 +since…… 瞬间动词的过去时如 :It is three years since she joined the army.7. 常见的可用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语及副词还有 :the moment, the minute, every time, each time, the last time, the year 等 .如 :Don’t stop each time you meet with a word you don’t understand.• when, until/till, before, as soon as, the moment 等引导时间状语从句时 , 如果主句的时态是一般将来时 , 则从句的时态用一般现在时 .( 主将从现 )如 :Don’t worry about him. He’ll ring you when he gets there.

• 地点状语从句地点状语从句常用 where和 wherever 引导 .如 :We shall go where working condition

s are difficult. Where there is will, there is a way. Wherever there is plenty of sun and r

ain, the fields are green.

• 条件状语从句1. 常用来引出条件状语从句的连词有 :if, so/as long as, unless, in case,

so far as, provided (that), on condition that. 如 :

If you go to the cinema tomorrow, I’llgo with you.We won’t go to his party unless heinvites us.

2. 如果主句是一般将来时 ,if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表将来 .如 :You will be late unless you leave immediately.3.unless 相当于 if…..not, 主要用于谈论要发生的事 . unless 引导的从句通常时肯定句 .4.If 引导的条件状语从句可分为两种 : 真实条件句和非真实条件句 ( 虚拟语气 ).如 :If I had the time, I would have helped you with your math last night.

She made a note of it in case she might forget.

结果状语从句常有 so that, so…that 和 such…that 引导 .

so that 常用句型 :*so +adj. /adv. +that 从句* so +adj. +a/an + 名词 ( 单数 )+ that 从句如 : He is so good a football

player that all the people admire him.

2. such…that 常用句型*such a/an + (adj.) + 名词

( 单数 ) +that 从句*such +(adj.) + 名词 ( 复数 )

+that 从句*such +(adj.) + 名词 ( 不可数 ) +that 从句如 : He left in such a hurry t

hat he forgot to lock the door.

原因状语从句A. 引导连词有 because( 因为 ),as( 由于 ),since, now that( 既然 , 由于 )1.Because 从句通常放在主句之后 , 表示直接原因 , 语气较强 , 能回答的 why 的问句 , 可和 only, just, not 连用 . He didn’t go to work just because his leg was broken.2.as 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句前 , 表示明显的原因或已知的事实 , 语气较弱 , 不能回答的 why 的问句 . As he is from the south, he is not used to the dry weather in Beijing.3. Since 和 now that 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句前 , 表示既成事实的原因 , 语气较弱 , 不能回答的 why 的问句 .Now that it is snowing, we had better not go to the cinema.B. for 也可表示原因 , 但它是并列连词 , 放在两并列句之间 , 表示非直接地随便附加说明的理由或推断的理由 , 常用逗号跟主句分开 .It is spring now, for the flowers are out.

让步状语从句由 though, although, as, even though (even if), whether······or, however, whatever, no matter when (where, who······) 等来引导 .1. though 和 although( 较正式 ) ./ King as he is, he

引导让步状语从句时 , 不可同时用并列连词 but, 但可用 still, yet 等副词来加强语气。Though I hurried, yet I was late for the last train.2. as 引导让步状语从句可用于部分倒装结构。句型 :①adj. /adv. /n.( 无冠词、无复数形式 ) +as + 主谓②v. +as + 主语 + may (might, will, would)如 :Much as I like it, I won’t buy it.

King as he is, he is unhappy. /Try as he does, he never succeeds.3. even though (even if)( 即使 ······, 也 ······) 如 : Even though I’m busy, I’ll have to go for it’s my duty.4. however, whatever, whenever, whoever 等引导让步状语从句时 , 相当于 no matter how, what, when, who ······, ( 无论怎样 / 什么 / 何时 / 谁 ······)如 : No matter where (Wherever) the children are playing, you need to pay attention to them.5. whether······or, 表示”不管 ······ 还是 ······” 如 :Whether he is awake or asleep, the subject is always in his mind.

目的状语从句 :常用 so that ， in order that 等从属连词引导，从句中的谓语动词常用may （ might ）， can （ could ）， should 等情态动词。如： I’ll buy a map so that I can find the university more easily.

比较状语从句 :常由 as ···as ···( 和 ······ 一样 ),not as/ so ···as( 不像 / 不如 ······), ···than ···( 比 ······ 更 ······), the more ···the more 等引导 , 例如 :1.The more trees they destroyed, the more sandy weather there would be.2.He drives not so carefully as his cousin.3.The price of electricity is twice higher than 10 years ago.

方式状语从句 :由 as ,as if (as though)( 宛如 , 好象 ) 引导Do as your father told you to do.He treated her as if she were her daughter.

• 测评1.The river will be further polluted _____ some measures ______. A. unless; are taken B. unless; will be taken C. if; are taken D. if; will be taken2.We’d better encourage him ______ he can smooth away the difficulties. A. so as to B. as though C. in order to D. in order that3._______you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me? A. For B. Since C. Because D. Even if4._______, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However late he is C. However he is late D. However is he late5._______, he was to support the family. A. Though he is child B.A child as he is C. Child as he is D. As he is a child • Answers: ADBBC