"Susceptibility to transmitting HIV in

ART-treated individuals: Longitudinal analysis from Stratall ANRS 12110/ESTHER trial."

Julien COHEN1,2,3, Sylvie BOYER1,2,3, Charles KOUANFACK4, Maria Patrizia CARRIERI1,2,3, Gilbert NDZIESSI1,2,3, Camélia PROTOPOPESCU1,2,3, Jean-Paul MOATTI1,2,3, Eric DELAPORTE5,6, Christian LAURENT5,6, Bruno SPIRE1,2,3

and the Stratall ANRS 12110/ESTHER Study Group

1 INSERM, U912 (SE4S), Marseille, France 2 Université Aix Marseille, IRD, UMR-S912, Marseille, France 3 ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France 4 Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon5 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University Montpellier 1, UMR 145, Montpellier, France 6 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France

Background (1)

ART preventive intervention for reducing sexual HIV

transmission:

High efficacy of antiretroviral therapy for vertical

transmission

A 92% reduction in transmission among 3381 ART-

treated heterosexual African couples Donnel, 2010

HPTN 052 trial: Immediate ART initiation reduced

HIV-infection in sexual partners by 96% compared

with ART initiation following WHO guidelines.

Background (2)

Reduction of HIV transmission by ART

Behavioral disinhibition concerning condom use?

Longitudinal data from the ANRS STRATALL study

were used to explore :

the course of sexual risk of HIV-transmission

during the first 24 months of treatment in ART

naïve HIV-infected adults

the characteristics of viremic ART-treated PLWHA

who do not consistently use condoms

Methods (1)

Stratall ANRS 12110/ESTHER :

24-month, randomized, open-label trial

Enrolled 459 HIV-infected adults followed-up in

rural district hospitals in Cameroon

Primary objective : to compare the increase in

CD4 cell counts in two groups using:

Either the recommended WHO “public health”

approach for low-income countries

Or the standard approach used in developed countries

Methods (2)

Plasma viral load measured during clinical

visits at M0, M6, M12, M18 and M24.

Psychosocial data (including sexual

behaviors and healthcare staff’s readiness

to listen) collected using face-to-face

questionnaires administered at M0, M6,

M12 and M24

Methods (4)

Stable virological success (SVS) : having

an undetectable viral load (<40 copies/ml)

for more than 6 months.

Inconsistent condom use (ICU): Not using

condoms with HIV-negative partners or

those with unknown serostatus at least

once in the three months prior to the visit

Susceptibility to transmitting HIV was

defined as: lack of SVS + ICU

Methods (5)

McNemar tests were performed to

assess changes in ICU and susceptibility

to transmitting HIV during follow-up

A mixed logistic regression model was

used to identify correlates of

susceptibility to transmitting HIV

Results (1)

Proportion of patients with detectable viral load

among patients sexually active during follow-up

(n=290)

M6 M12 M240

20

40

60

80

100

37 % 36 % 32 %

Results (2)

Proportion of ICU among patients sexually

active during follow-up (n=290)

M0 M6 M12 M240

102030405060708090

100

64 %

40 %47 %

55 %

Results (3)

Proportion of patients susceptible to

transmitting HIV among those sexually active

during follow-up (n=290)

M0 M6 M12 M240

20

40

60

80

100

64 %

23 % 26 % 22 %

Results (4)

Factors associated with susceptibility to transmitting HIV(Mixed logistic regression, N=290 patients, 593 visits)AOR [95% CI] P-value

Time since ART initiation- M0 (ref)- M6- M12- M24

0.14 [0.07-0.30]0.16 [0.08-0.33]0.11 [0.05-0.24]

<10-3

<10-3

<10-3

More than one sexual relationship per week

2.01 [1.00-4.03] 0.05

More than one sexual partner

2.44 [1.12-5.34] 0.03

Limited readiness by health staff to listen

1.81 [1.00-3.27] 0.05

Conclusion

Despite an increase in ICU, the

proportion of individuals susceptible to

transmitting HIV decreased and

remained low.

Fear of behavioral disinhibition should

not be a barrier to universal access to

treatment.

Reinforcing healthcare staff’s

counseling skills may be crucial for

positive prevention.

AcknowledgmentsParticipating patients & hospital teams

Sponsorship:- French National Agency for Research on AIDS and viral hepatitis (ANRS)-French Public Interest Group ESTHER-SIDACTION

The Stratall ANRS 12110/ESTHER trial Study GroupC. Kouanfack, S. Koulla-Shiro (Central hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon); A. Bourgeois, E. Delaporte, C. Laurent (IRD, University Montpellier 1, UMR 145, Montpellier, France); G. Laborde-Balen (French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Yaoundé, Cameroon); T. Atemkeng Fotsop, M. Dontsop, S. Kazé, J-M. Mben, M-A. Ngo Hamga, Z. Tsomo (IRD, Yaoundé, Cameroon); A. Aghokeng, M.G. Edoul, E. Mpoudi-Ngolé, M. Tongo (Virology Laboratory, IMPM/CREMER/IRD-UMR 145, Yaoundé, Cameroon); J. Blanche, S. Boyer, M.P. Carrieri, J. Cohen, S. Loubière, M. Meresse, F. Marcellin, J-P. Moatti, B. Spire (INSERM, IRD, University Aix Marseille, UMR 912, Marseille, France); C. Abé, S-C. Abega, C-R. Bonono, H. Mimcheu, S. Ngo Yebga, C. Paul Bile (IRSA, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon); S. Abada, T. Abanda, J. Baga, P. Bilobi Fouda, P. Etong Mve, G. Fetse Tama, H. Kemo, A. Ongodo, V. Tadewa, HD. Voundi (District Hospital, Ayos, Cameroon); A. Ambani, M. Atangana, J-C. Biaback, M. Kennedy, H. Kibedou, F. Kounga, M. Maguip Abanda, E. Mamang, A. Mikone, S. Tang, E. Tchuangue, S. Tchuenko, D. Yakan (District Hospital, Bafia, Cameroon); J. Assandje, S. Ebana, D. Ebo’o, D. Etoundi, G. Ngama, P. Mbarga Ango, J. Mbezele, G. Mbong, C. Moung, N. Ekotto, G. Nguemba Balla, G. Ottou, M. Tigougmo (District Hospital, Mbalmayo, Cameroon); R. Beyala, B. Ebene, C. Effemba, F. Eyebe, M-M. Hadjaratou, T. Mbarga, M. Metou, M. Ndam, B. Ngoa, EB. Ngock, N. Obam (District hospital, Mfou, Cameroon); A. M. Abomo, G. Angoula, E. Ekassi, Essama, J.J. Lentchou, I. Mvilongo, J. Ngapou, F. Ntokombo, V. Ondoua, R. Palawo, S. Sebe, E. Sinou, D. Wankam, I. Zobo (District hospital, Monatélé, Cameroon); B. Akono, A. L. Ambani, L. Bilock, R. Bilo’o, J. Boombhi, F.X. Fouda, M. Guitonga, R. Mad’aa, D.R. Metou’ou, S. Mgbih, A. Noah, M. Tadena, Ntcham (District hospital, Nanga Eboko, Cameroon); G. Ambassa Elime, A.A. Bonongnaba, E. Foaleng, R.M. Heles, R. Messina, O. Nana Ndankou, S.A. Ngono, D. Ngono Menounga, S.S. Sil, L. Tchouamou, B. Zambou (District hospital, Ndikinimeki, Cameroon); R. Abomo, J. Ambomo, C. Beyomo, P. Eloundou, C. Ewole, J. Fokom, M. Mvoto, M. Ngadena, R. Nyolo, C. Onana, A. Oyie (District hospital, Obala, Cameroon); P. Antyimi, S. Bella Mbatonga, M. Bikomo, Y. Molo Bodo, S. Ndi Ntang, P. Ndoudoumou, L. Ndzomo, S.O. Ngolo, M. Nkengue, Nkoa, Y. Tchinda (District hospital, Sa’a, Cameroon).

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