Cartilaginous fishes (Class Chondrichthyes)

Sharks, skates, rays Cartilaginous skeleton Contain no bone

Bony Fishes (Class Osteichthyes)

Bony skeleton Have an operculum Have a swim bladder 3 groups:

Ray-finned fishes Lungfishes Lobe-finned fishes

Columbus Audobon. 2008. http://www.columbusaudubon.org/production/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=609:invasive-species-rainbow-trout-&catid=13:articles-and-news&Itemid=134

Ray-finned fishes Large group Freshwater and

marine Fins formed by webs

of skin supported by bony spines

Skeletons made of bone

Have scales Swim bladder Diverse shapes,

colors, lifestyles

Lungfish Lungfishes have gills and lung-like sacs

for breathing air

Lobed-finned fishes Bony skeleton Have fleshy fins that contain rod-shaped

bones surrounded by a thick layer of muscle

Ex. Coelacanths Above fish are the closest living relatives

to the tetrapods (have weight bearing limbs and digits (toes and fingers)

Amphibians (Class Amphibia)

The Rise of Amniotes

Amniotes are animals with embryos that develop inside a waterproof egg; their waterproof skin and highly efficient kidneys make them well adapted to dry habitats

Amniote Phylogeny

Diversity of Modern Reptiles

Reptile characteristics Scale-covered body Cloaca for waste disposal Four approximately equal limbs (except

snakes) Internal fertilization Body temperature determined by

surroundings (ectotherms)

Turtles Have protective shells

Shells fused to vertebrae, ribs, collarbone

No teeth, have a horny beak

Range of feeding habits

Habitats may be aquatic or terrestrial

Leatherback turtle

Galápagos turtle

Lizards and Snakes Common ancestor

had legs which were lost in snakes

Remnant hind limb bones reveal a limbed ancestry

Both snakes and lizards usually carnivorous

Tuataras

The two remaining species of tuataras have a third eye under the skin of the forehead

Alligators and Crocodiles Aquatic Evolved eyes and

nostrils high on heads so they are able remain under water for long periods of time

Strong jaws and conical teeth

Bury eggs and protect nest

Carry newly hatched young to water in their mouths

Birds (Class Aves)

A Bird Egg

Adaptations for Flight

The Rise of Mammals Mammals are animals that nourish

young with milk and have hair or fur; four kinds of teeth allow them to eat many kinds of food

3 Groups of Mammals (Class Mammalia)

Monotremes Marsupials Placental mammals

Monotremes (Egg-laying Mammals)

Platypus Spiny anteater

Marsupials

Koala

Tasmanian devil

Opossum s

Placental Mammals