REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE

Conquest of Italian Peninsula

Rome vs. Carthage (trading empire) 3 Punic Wars- fought to control

Mediterranean Sea 1st War

Romans build navy Carthage wants peace

Punic Wars 2nd Punic War

Hannibal- Carthaginian general, took over parts of Rome

Scipio- Roman general that took Carthage

Rome wins

Punic Wars

3rd Punic War Rome destroys Carthage & invades Greece Rome was now the supreme power in the

Mediterranean

Economic Effects

A. Trade & Food new wealthy class

emerged- equites

B. Gracchi- brothers, saw need for reform in republic

C. Spartacus (73-71 BC): led slave rebellion of 90,000

Decline of Republic

A. Gaius Marius 107 BC created a volunteer

army - were paid & given land

B. Lucius Sulla 88 BC Civil war – became

dictator

Julius Caesar

1. First Triumvirate: Caesar, Pompey and Crassus formed a political alliance

2. Caesar brought all of Gaul under Roman rule

Julius Caesar

3. Reforms a. Launched war on Romeb. Name dictator for life by Senatec. Increased size of Senate but reduced its

power

Julius Caesar

4. Ides of March- 44 BC conspirators killed Caesar in the Senate

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPYuxReh7fM&feature=relmfu&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Civil Wars

2nd Triumvirate A. Mark Antony: became

disliked in Rome after his affair with Cleopatra

B.Octavian : becomes first Roman emperor

Roman Empire/Roman Peace

A. Augustus- first ruler of Roman EmpireB. Pax Romana- reign of Augustus

Roman Empire/Roman Peace

c. Caligula: “Little Boot”- wanted to name his horse consul

d. Nero: Emperor who mercilessly persecuted the Christians

Roman Empire/Roman Peace

E. Nerva: the first of a series of rulers known as the Five Good Emperors

F. Hadrian: built a big wall in Great Britain to keep out invaders

G. Marcus Aurelius: the last of the Good Emperors