Recent progress on cold antihydrogen researchY. Yamazaki, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute2011/11/2211. A brief look back of antiparticle/antimatter2. CPT symmetry: the fundamental question3. What to measure, what to prepare4. Manipulation of H: two schemes from latest results5. Future 6. Summary

Contents2A brief look back of antimatter1928: Dirac relativistic theory of electron1933: discovery of e+1955: discovery of p1965: discovery of d1973: discovery of 3He (1982: LEAR started 1st storage ring, pure p)1986: p trapped (He double ionization)1989: p cooled with e- (1991: long-lived pHe+)1996: GeV H (LEAR shut down) (1999: AD operation)2002: cold H2008: compression of p cloud2010: trapping H, first step to H beam2011 & beyond: H spectroscopy (HF & 1S-2S) (4He, AMS2) , ELENA15e+s60ps31 p trapped 11 HsA few extracted38 trapped Hs31. A brief look back of antiparticle/antimatter2. CPT symmetry: the fundamental question3. What to measure, what to prepare4. Manipulation of H: two schemes from latest results5. Future 6. Summary

Contents4CPT symmetryP (Parity inversion) and CP(Charge conjugation and P) symmetries are broken although both were believed to be conserved (e.g., b-decay & K0-K0 decay, res.).

CPT symmetry is the last one still escaping from our chase!

The standard model constructed on flat space-time predicts that the CPT is conserved, which however may not conserved under curved space-time with gravity. Actually, no quantum theory taking into account gravity has been developed yet.

Further,5

A in spaceIf the bigbang scenario is true, and the same amount of matter and antimatter were produced, antiparticles should be showering on our earth:

Soon, AMS2 (Alpha Mangetic Spectrometer) will tell us more!6Assuming the universe is a patch work of matter and antimatter

annihilation should come from the boundaryA. G. Cohen, A. de Ru Jula, and S. L. Glashow, Astrophys. J. 495:539

1000Mpc 20Mpc A in spaceOur universe is full of matter Antimatter may be different from matter CP violation is not enough CPT can be violated in curved space-time?7

Curved space-timerBH~c2/GR2

r~m/R3=h/2pcR4 (R~h/2pmc)

MPl~(hc/2pG)1/2 ~1019 GeV/c2!!8

Curved space-timeMerging point of elementary particle physics & cosmologyHigh energy physics Atomic Physics alternative scheme

OuroborosToo high in Energy!9Curved space-timePlanck mass: MPl~(hc/G)1/2 ~1019GeV (rpl~rBH: a measure of CPT violation)

Not accessible artificially (by accelerators) forever~10kHz Listen to the whisper of nature: mild physics, where atomic and atomic collision physics play the vital role!(mp/Mpl)mpc2~10-19GeV high precision experiments101. A brief look back of antiparticle/antimatter2. CPT symmetry: the fundamental question3. What to measure, what to prepare4. Manipulation of H: two schemes from latest results5. Future 6. Summary

Contents11Why antihydrogen?The simplest antimatterHydrogen, the opposite number of antihydrogen, has been studied with extremely high precision, an excellent reference

And anyway, exotic!12|mm-ma|/m|qm+qa|/|q||gm-ga|/|g|e- vs e+